曼德拉勵(lì)志英文演講稿：I Am Prepared to Die for an Ideal

　　以下這篇英文演講稿是南非前總統(tǒng)曼德拉1990年2月11日所作的一篇英文演講I Am Prepared to Die for an Ideal，由應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生演講稿網(wǎng)站整理提供，供大家學(xué)習(xí)。

　　I Am Prepared to Die for an Ideal

　　為理想我愿獻(xiàn)出生命

　　February 11,1990

　　1990年2月11日

　　I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination. I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony with equal opportunities. It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to see realized. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.

　　我反對(duì)白人統(tǒng)治，也反對(duì)黑人統(tǒng)治。我珍視民主和自由社會(huì)的理想，在這個(gè)社會(huì)中，人人和睦相處，機(jī)會(huì)均等。我希望為這個(gè)理想而生，并希望能實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)理想。但是如果需要，為理想我愿獻(xiàn)出生命。

　　My friends, comrades, and fellow South Africans: I greet you all in the name of peace, democracy, and freedom for all. I stand here before you not as a prophet but as a humble servant of you, the people. Your tireless and heroic sacrifices have made it possible for me to be here today. I therefore have placed the remaining years of my life in your , I extend my sincere and warmest gratitude to the millions of my compatriots and those in every corner of the globe who have campaigned tirelessly for my release. I extend special greetings to the people of Cape Town, the city through which — which has been my home for three decades. Your mass marches and other forms of struggle have served as a constant source of strength to all political . It has fulfilled our every expectation in its role as leader of the great march to , Comrade Oliver Tambo, for leading the ANC even under the most difficult circumstances.

　　我的朋友們、同志們和南非同胞們： 我以和平、民主和全人類自由的名義，向你們大家致意。今天我站在你們面前，不是作為一名預(yù)言家，而是作為人民的謙卑公仆。你們不懈的奮斗和英勇的犧牲才使我今天有可能站在這里，因此，我要把余生獻(xiàn)給你們。在我獲釋的今天，我要向千百萬(wàn)同胞，向世界各地為我的獲釋作出過不懈努力的人們，致以真誠(chéng)的、最熱烈的感謝。 我要特別感謝開普敦的人民，我以開普敦為家住了30年。你們大規(guī)模的游行請(qǐng)?jiān)负推渌�形式的斗�?zhēng)一直是所有政治犯?jìng)兊牧α吭慈�。我向非�?guó)大會(huì)議致敬。作為一個(gè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)我們奔向自由的政黨，它實(shí)現(xiàn)了我們對(duì)它的所有期望。我向我們的主席——奧利弗·坦博同志致敬，他在最艱難的環(huán)境下領(lǐng)導(dǎo)著非國(guó)大。

　　I salute the rank?and?file members of the ANC: You have sacrificed life and limb in the pursuit of the noble cause of our , like Solomon Mahlangu and Ashley Kriel, who have paid the ultimate price for the freedom of all South Africans. I salute the South African Communist Party for its sterling contribution to the struggle for democracy. You have survived 40 years of unrelenting persecution. The memory of great communists like Moses Kotane, Yusuf Dadoo, Bram Fischer, and Moses Mabhida will be cherished for generations to come. I salute General Secretary Joe Slovo, one of our finest patriots. We are heartened by the fact that the alliance between ourselves and the Party remains as strong as it — it always , the National Education Crisis Committee, the South African Youth Congress, the Transvaal and Natal Indian Congresses, and COSATU, and the many other formations of the Mass Democratic Movement. I also salute the Black Sash and the National Union of South African Students. We note with pride that you have looked — that you have acted as the conscience of white South Africa. Even during the darkest days in the history of our struggle you held the flag of liberty high. The large?scale mass mobilization of the past few years is one of the key factors which led to the opening of the final chapter of our — Your organized strength is the pride of our movement. You remain the most dependable force in the struggle to end exploitation and oppression.

　　我向非國(guó)大的普通黨員們致敬：你們?cè)跔?zhēng)取自由的偉大事業(yè)中赴湯蹈火英勇獻(xiàn)身。我向“民族之矛”的戰(zhàn)士們——如所羅門·馬赫蘭古和艾希莉·柯瑞爾——致敬，他們?yōu)榱巳�體南非人的自由而流盡了最后一滴血。我向南非共產(chǎn)黨致敬，它為南非的民主斗爭(zhēng)作出了非凡的貢獻(xiàn)。你們經(jīng)受了40年的無(wú)情迫害而堅(jiān)持了下來(lái)。南非世世代代的人民都將懷念摩西·科達(dá)恩、余素夫·達(dá)都、布萊姆·費(fèi)舍爾以及摩西·馬西達(dá)等偉大的共產(chǎn)主義者。我向秘書長(zhǎng)喬·斯洛沃致敬，他是我們最杰出的愛國(guó)者之一。一個(gè)鼓舞人心的事實(shí)是，我們和共產(chǎn)黨的聯(lián)盟依然一如既往地堅(jiān)不可摧。我向統(tǒng)一民主陣線、國(guó)民教育危機(jī)處理委員會(huì)、南非青年會(huì)、德蘭士瓦省及納塔爾印度人大會(huì)、南非貿(mào)易聯(lián)合會(huì)以及其他各種形式的群眾民主運(yùn)動(dòng)組織致敬。我還要向“黑肩帶”婦女協(xié)會(huì)以及南非學(xué)生國(guó)民聯(lián)合會(huì)致敬。我們驕傲地看到你們的言行代表了南非白人的良知。即便在我們斗爭(zhēng)史上最黑暗的歲月里，你們也高舉著民主自由的大旗。過去幾年里，大規(guī)模的群眾動(dòng)員是揭開我們斗爭(zhēng)最后篇章的主要因素之一。我要向我們國(guó)家的勞動(dòng)階級(jí)致敬。你們團(tuán)結(jié)起來(lái)的力量是我們爭(zhēng)取自由運(yùn)動(dòng)的驕傲。你們依然是我們反剝削反壓迫斗爭(zhēng)中最可依賴的力量。

　　I pay tribute — I pay tribute to the many religious communities who carried the campaign for justice forward when the organizations of our people were silenced. I greet the traditional leaders of our country — many among you continue to walk in the footsteps of great heroes like Hintsa and , you, the young lions. You, the young lions, have energized our entire struggle. I pay tribute to the mothers and wives and sisters of our nation. You are the rock?hard foundation of our struggle. Apartheid has inflicted more pain on you than on anyone , we thank the world — we thank the world community for their great contribution to the anti?apartheid struggle. Without your support our struggle would not have reached this advanced stage. The sacrifice of the frontline states will be remembered by South Africans , black and white, recognize that apartheid has no future. It has to be ended by our own decisive mass action in order to build peace and security.

　　我向眾多宗教團(tuán)體致敬，在我們的組織被壓制得鴉雀無(wú)聲時(shí)，他們挺身而出，展開爭(zhēng)取正義的運(yùn)動(dòng)。我向我國(guó)過去的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者們致敬，你們中的很多人繼續(xù)沿著亨薩、瑟庫(kù)庫(kù)內(nèi)等偉大英雄們的足跡前進(jìn)。我向年輕的英雄主義者們致敬，你們是年輕的雄獅。你們——年輕的雄獅們，給我們整個(gè)斗爭(zhēng)中注入了活力。我向我們國(guó)家里的母親們、妻子們、姐妹們致敬。你們是我們進(jìn)行斗爭(zhēng)的堅(jiān)強(qiáng)基石。種族隔離烙在你們身心上的傷痕比任何人的都多。在這個(gè)時(shí)刻，我們感謝世界——我們感謝世界這個(gè)大團(tuán)體在反對(duì)種族隔離的斗爭(zhēng)中所作出的偉大貢獻(xiàn)。沒有你們的支持，我們的斗爭(zhēng)不會(huì)到達(dá)這個(gè)新階段。那些走在斗爭(zhēng)前列的國(guó)家所付出的犧牲將會(huì)被南非人民永遠(yuǎn)銘記。如果不向我深愛的妻子和家人表示深深的感激，那么我的致敬將是殘缺不全的。在我漫長(zhǎng)而孤獨(dú)的鐵窗生涯中，他們給了我力量。我相信你們經(jīng)受的痛苦和苦難遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過了我自己。在我進(jìn)一步演講之前，我愿意闡明我的觀點(diǎn)，就是在當(dāng)前階段，我只打算對(duì)一些問題做初步的評(píng)論。等到我有機(jī)會(huì)和我的同志們深入切磋之后，我將發(fā)表一個(gè)更加全面的聲明。今天，無(wú)論是黑人還是白人，大多數(shù)南非人都已認(rèn)識(shí)到種族隔離制度已經(jīng)走到盡頭。我們必須果敢地采取我們自己的群眾運(yùn)動(dòng)來(lái)確保國(guó)家的和平與安全。

　　The mass campaigns of defiance and other actions of our organizations and people can only culminate in the establishment of continent is in calculable. The fabric of family life of millions of my people has been shattered. Millions are homeless and unemployed. Our economy — Our economy lies in ruins and our people are embroiled in political strife. Our resort to the armed struggle in 1960 with the formation of the military wing of the ANC, Umkhonto we Sizwe, was a purely defensive action against the violence of apartheid. The factors which necessitated the armed struggle still exist today. We have no option but to continue. We express the hope that a climate conducive to a negotiated settlement will be created soon so that there may no longer be the need for the armed , strategies, and , I feel duty?bound to make the point that a leader of the movement is a person who has been democratically elected at a national conference. This is a principle which must be upheld without any , I wish to report to you that my talks with the government have been aimed at normalizing the political situation in the country. We have not as yet begun discussing the basic demands of the struggle. I wish to stress that I myself have at no time entered into negotiations about the future of our country except to insist on a meeting between the ANC and the has gone further than any other Nationalist President in taking real steps to normalize the situation. However, there are further steps, as outlined in the Harare Declaration, that have to be met before negotiations on the basic demands of our people can begin. I reiterate our call for, inter alia, the immediate ending of the State of Emergency and the freeing of all, and not only some, political prisoners. Only such a normalized situation, which allows for free political activity, can allow us to consult our people in order to obtain a mandate. The people need to be consulted on who will negotiate and on the content of such negotiations. Negotiations cannot take place — Negotiations cannot take place above the heads or behind the backs of our people. It is our belief that the future of our country can only be determined by a body which is democratically elected on a non?racial basis. Negotiations on the dismantling of apartheid will have to address the overwhelming demands of our people for a democratic, non?racial and unitary South Africa. There must be an end to white monopoly on political power and a fundamental restructuring of our political and economic systems to ensure that the inequalities of apartheid are addressed and our society thoroughly , we base our policy and strategy on the harsh reality we are faced with. And this reality is that we are still suffering under the policies of the Nationalist , so that the process towards democracy is rapid and uninterrupted. We have waited too long for our freedom. We can no longer wait. Now is the time to intensify the struggle on all fronts. To relax our efforts now would be a mistake which generations to come will not be able to role in a united democratic and non?racial South Africa is the only way to peace and racial harmony. In conclusion, I wish to quote my own words during my trial in 1964. They are as true today as they were then. I spoke: I have fought against white domination and I have fought against black domination. I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and — and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.

　　我國(guó)各個(gè)團(tuán)體和我國(guó)人民的大規(guī)模反抗等運(yùn)動(dòng)只有在民主制度的確立中才能達(dá)到高峰。種族隔離制度給我們這片次大陸造成了難以估量的破壞。我們成千上萬(wàn)人的家庭生活遭到了毀壞。幾百萬(wàn)人流離失所，沒有工作。我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)遭到嚴(yán)重破壞，我們的人民卷入了政治沖突。我們?cè)?960年訴諸武裝斗爭(zhēng)，建立了非洲人民國(guó)民大會(huì)的戰(zhàn)斗組織——“民族之矛”，這純屬為反抗種族隔離制度的暴力而采取的自衛(wèi)行動(dòng)。過去那些要求我們必須進(jìn)行武裝斗爭(zhēng)的種種因素在今天依然存在，因此除了繼續(xù)進(jìn)行武裝斗爭(zhēng)外我們別無(wú)選擇。我們希望，不久將會(huì)出現(xiàn)一種有利于通過談判解決問題的局面，這樣就可以刀槍入庫(kù)馬放南山了。我是非洲人國(guó)民大會(huì)忠于職守、遵守紀(jì)律的一員。因此，我完全贊同它所提出的所有目標(biāo)、戰(zhàn)略和戰(zhàn)術(shù)。和以往一樣，現(xiàn)在的重要任務(wù)是把我國(guó)人民團(tuán)結(jié)起來(lái)。任何個(gè)別領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人都無(wú)法獨(dú)自肩負(fù)起這個(gè)重?fù)?dān)。作為領(lǐng)袖，我們的任務(wù)是向我們的組織闡明觀點(diǎn)，并允許通過民主機(jī)制來(lái)決定我們前進(jìn)的方向。對(duì)于實(shí)行民主問題，我感到有責(zé)任強(qiáng)調(diào)一點(diǎn)，即民主運(yùn)動(dòng)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人要由全國(guó)大會(huì)通過民主選舉而產(chǎn)生，這是一條必須堅(jiān)持且不能破例的原則。今天，我愿意向你們報(bào)告一下，我同政府進(jìn)行一系列會(huì)談的目的一直是讓我國(guó)的政治局勢(shì)正�；�。迄今為止我們還沒有開始討論本次斗爭(zhēng)的基本要求。我愿意強(qiáng)調(diào)一下，就我國(guó)的未來(lái)前途，我除了堅(jiān)持要求在非國(guó)大和政府之間進(jìn)行磋商以外，本人決不會(huì)介入和政府的談判。在采取切實(shí)可行的措施使局勢(shì)正�；�方面，德·克勒克先生比任何一位民族主義總統(tǒng)走得都遠(yuǎn)。但是就如同《哈拉雷宣言》規(guī)劃的那樣，在就我們?nèi)嗣竦幕�本需要展開談判之前，我們還有更多措施需要實(shí)施。其中，我特別強(qiáng)調(diào)，我們要求立即結(jié)束緊急狀態(tài)并釋放所有而不是一部分政治犯。只有在一個(gè)允許人們自由從事政治活動(dòng)的正常化的環(huán)境里，我們才得以和人民商議以便取得人民的授權(quán)。在誰(shuí)將參與談判以及談判內(nèi)容上，我們都需要和人民商議。談判不能——談判不能凌駕于我國(guó)人民之上或背著人民進(jìn)行。我們相信，我國(guó)的未來(lái)只能由一個(gè)在不分膚色的基礎(chǔ)上通過民主選舉而產(chǎn)生的機(jī)構(gòu)來(lái)決定。消滅種族隔離制度的談判必須滿足我國(guó)人民的壓倒一切的要求，即建立一個(gè)民主的、不分種族的和統(tǒng)一的南非。由白人壟斷政治權(quán)力的狀況必須結(jié)束，還必須從根本上重建我國(guó)的政治制度和經(jīng)濟(jì)制度，以便確保種族隔離制度產(chǎn)生的不平等問題得到解決，并保證我們的社會(huì)徹底實(shí)現(xiàn)民主。有一點(diǎn)必須另加說明，就是德·克勒克先生本人是一個(gè)正直之人，他準(zhǔn)確認(rèn)識(shí)到，一個(gè)公眾人物如不履行其職責(zé)必將帶來(lái)后患。但是作為一個(gè)組織，我們基于我們所面臨的嚴(yán)酷現(xiàn)實(shí)來(lái)制定我們的政策和策略，這個(gè)嚴(yán)酷現(xiàn)實(shí)就是我們依然在民族主義政府的政策下苦苦掙扎。我們的斗爭(zhēng)已經(jīng)到了關(guān)鍵性時(shí)刻。我們呼吁人民要抓住這個(gè)時(shí)機(jī)，以便加快我們的民主進(jìn)程并不使其中斷。對(duì)于自由我們等待得太久。我們不能再等了�，F(xiàn)在是我們?cè)诟鳁l戰(zhàn)線上加強(qiáng)斗爭(zhēng)的時(shí)候了。 現(xiàn)在我們?nèi)舴潘膳�力將鑄成大錯(cuò)，我們的子孫后代將不會(huì)原諒我們。地平線上出現(xiàn)一抹自由的曙光，這曙光會(huì)激勵(lì)我們加倍努力。只有通過有紀(jì)律的群眾運(yùn)動(dòng)，我們的勝利才有保障。我們呼吁白人同胞加入到我們塑造一個(gè)新南非的行列中來(lái)。自由運(yùn)動(dòng)也是你們的政治家園。我們呼吁國(guó)際社會(huì)繼續(xù)孤立這個(gè)實(shí)行種族隔離制度的政府。取消對(duì)這個(gè)政府的制裁就等于冒險(xiǎn)，而這種冒險(xiǎn)可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致根除族隔離制度的進(jìn)程流產(chǎn)。我們邁向自由的步伐不會(huì)逆轉(zhuǎn)。我們絕不允許讓畏懼擋住我們前進(jìn)的道路。按照選民共同的職責(zé)，在民主統(tǒng)一且不分種族的南非實(shí)行普選，是通向和平與種族和諧的唯一途徑。最后，我想引用一段我在1964年受審時(shí)說過的話。這段話在當(dāng)時(shí)是正確的，在今天依然正確。我說：我為反對(duì)白人統(tǒng)治而斗爭(zhēng)，也為反對(duì)黑人統(tǒng)治而斗爭(zhēng)。我珍視有一個(gè)民主和自由社會(huì)的理想，在這個(gè)社會(huì)里，人人和睦相處，機(jī)會(huì)均等。我為這個(gè)理想而生，并希望實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)理想。但是如果需要，我也準(zhǔn)備為這個(gè)理想而死

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