英語演講稿的寫作格式
英語演講稿的組成部分:
從大的方面看,英語演講詞實(shí)際上是屬于一種特殊的說明文或議論文,其基本組成部分是:
(1)開始時(shí)對(duì)聽眾的稱呼語
最常用的是 Ladies and gentlemen,也可根據(jù)不同情況,選用 Fellow students, Distinguished guests, Mr Chairman, Honorable Judges(評(píng)委)等等。
(2)提出論題
由于演講的時(shí)間限制,必須開門見山,提出論題。提出論題的方法有各種各樣,但最生動(dòng),最能引起注意的是用舉例法。比如:你要呼吁大家關(guān)心貧窮地區(qū)的孩子,你可以用親眼看到的或者收集到的那些貧窮孩子多么需要幫助的實(shí)例開始。另外,用具體的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)也是一個(gè)有效的引出論題的方法,比如:你要談遵守交通規(guī)則的話題,你可以從舉一系列有關(guān)車輛、車禍等的數(shù)據(jù)開始。
(3)論證
對(duì)提出的論題,不可主觀地妄下結(jié)論,而要進(jìn)行客觀的論證。這是演講中最需要下功夫的部分。關(guān)鍵是要把道理講清楚。常見的論證方法有舉例法、因果法、對(duì)比法等等,可參見英語議論文的有關(guān)章節(jié)。
(4)結(jié)論
結(jié)論要簡明扼要,以給聽眾留下深刻印象。
(5)結(jié)尾
結(jié)尾要簡潔,不要拉拉扯扯,說個(gè)沒完。特別是不要受漢語影響,說些類似“準(zhǔn)備不足,請(qǐng)諒解”,“請(qǐng)批評(píng)指正”這樣的廢話。最普通的結(jié)尾就是:Thank you very much for your attention。
英語演講稿注意事項(xiàng):
1.演講要越短越好
關(guān)于寫好英語演講稿,應(yīng)該要直截了當(dāng),開門見山的,不應(yīng)該有中文的那種迂回婉轉(zhuǎn)的表達(dá)方式。據(jù)有關(guān)專家統(tǒng)計(jì),一般人的注意力一次只能集中約13分鐘。所以,演講長度以10~15分鐘為宜。
2.根據(jù)聽眾對(duì)象,注意演講的總體措詞
演講的總體措詞是嚴(yán)肅一些還是活潑一些,是有較明顯的說教口氣還是用平等的口吻,等等,都要根據(jù)聽眾對(duì)象而定。如果場下聽眾是同齡的學(xué)生,那么演講的內(nèi)容只要風(fēng)趣一些往往就能引起共鳴。但另一方面,如果聽眾大多是上了年紀(jì)的教師,太多的笑料反而會(huì)被認(rèn)為“不嚴(yán)肅”,“不尊重”,而引起反感。
用英語演講,不要用太多 I feel, I think,老是用I,顯得十分主觀,狹隘。如果通篇全是 I feel, I think 的內(nèi)容,會(huì)給人覺得缺乏說服力。另外,perhaps, maybe 這樣的詞語,雖然有“客氣,謙虛”的成分,但太多會(huì)讓人覺得你演講的內(nèi)容有不可靠之處。
還有,在演講中,要少用you,多用we。用you等于把自己與聽眾對(duì)立起來,而用we則拉近了與聽眾的距離。比如:You should not smoke.聽上去像教訓(xùn)人,而 Lets not smoke聽起來是一個(gè)不錯(cuò)的建議。
3.英語演講稿的語言特征
(1)多用實(shí)詞,多用短句,少用結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的長句
在英語演講中,and, but, so, then 等虛詞要盡量少用,that, which 等詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句也只會(huì)使句子結(jié)構(gòu)變得復(fù)雜,而使聽眾難以跟上演講者的思路,從而影響演講的效果。相反,多使用實(shí)詞,短句,可使得演講內(nèi)容更清晰,氣勢更磅礴。
(2)演講要注意使用各種修辭手法,增加演講的感染力和氣勢。英語演講中常用的修辭手法有:漸進(jìn)(climax)、對(duì)照(antithesis)、排比(parallelism)、警句(epigram)等等,例如:
That government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth.(排比)
這個(gè)民有、民治、民享的國家將不會(huì)從地球上消失。
United, there is little we can not do; divided, there is little we can do.(對(duì)照)
團(tuán)結(jié),我們便將無所不能;分裂,我們則會(huì)一事無成。
Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty.(對(duì)照和漸進(jìn))
讓世界各國都知道,無論對(duì)我們懷有好感與敵意,我們將付出任何代價(jià),肩負(fù)任何重任,面對(duì)任何艱辛,支持任何朋友,反對(duì)任何敵人,以確保自由的生存與成功。
What we should fear most is the fear itself.(警句)
我們最應(yīng)恐懼的是恐懼本身。
Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country.(對(duì)照)
不要問你們的國家能為你們做些什么,而要問你們能為你們的國家做些什么。
設(shè)想一下,假如在我們的演講中能融入上述這樣運(yùn)用得當(dāng)?shù)男揶o手段,那我們的演講將會(huì)變得多么有力與動(dòng)人。
英語演講稿范例
Farewell, Indifference
Who was the most well-known figure in China last month? It’s Ma JiaJue—the college student who murdered 4 of his roommates. Many people attributed his crime to his poverty and deficient education. In my opinion, his crime also has much to do with his classmates’ indifference.
Indifference is a terrible disease in today’s colleges and the whole society. It’s not rare that two students who have studied together for 4 years have never spoken to each other. It’s not rare that a student who has been absent from class for several days is not noticed at all. It’s also not rare that a student who has severe psychological problems is not cared about at all.
Some people may say ‘What the students with psychological problems like Ma JiaJue need is not care but psychotherapy.” However, when people are ill, what they need most is not only medical treatment, but also care from people around them. Every smile and every caring word will bring sunshine to their life.
I once heard one of my roommates who was an introverted girl sobbing at mid-night. Being afraid of disturbing her, I sent a text message to comfort her. The next day, she told me that she was crying for not being invited to one of her friend’s birthday party. She thought she was neglected by others. But my message was really comforting which told her someone still cared about her.
What can we do to prevent the tragedy of Ma JiaJue from happening again? Some people may say ‘Let’s open more psychological courses in schools.’ and other people may say ‘Let’s donate more money for the poor students.’ But I’ll say “My fellow student, let’s give more love and care to our roommates, our classmates and every person around us!”
走出冷漠
誰是中國上個(gè)月最有名的人物? 這當(dāng)然要數(shù)馬加爵了——這個(gè)殺害了四名同學(xué)的'大學(xué)生。很多人將他的犯罪歸結(jié)于他的貧窮和不全面的教育。但我覺得他的犯罪還跟他周圍同學(xué)的冷漠有很大關(guān)系。
冷漠是流行于當(dāng)今校園及整個(gè)社會(huì)中的一種可怕的疾病。有的同學(xué)在一起學(xué)習(xí)了4年卻從未說過話,有的同學(xué)幾天沒去上課卻無人知曉,還有的同學(xué)有了嚴(yán)重的心理問題卻得不到關(guān)心。
有人說:像馬加爵那樣有心理問題的人需要的不是關(guān)心而是心理治療。但在一個(gè)人生病的時(shí)候,除了醫(yī)生的治療,他需要的還有周圍人的關(guān)心。一個(gè)微笑,一聲問候都能為他們的生活帶來陽光。
有一天半夜,我碰巧聽見寢室里一個(gè)平時(shí)很內(nèi)向的女孩在輕聲抽泣。為了不驚動(dòng)她,我給她發(fā)了一條短信來安慰她。第二天,他告訴我那晚她哭了是因?yàn)樗囊晃缓门笥验_生日聚會(huì)沒有請(qǐng)她參加,她覺得自己被大家所忽視了。但我對(duì)短信卻給了她很大安慰,讓她覺得還是有人惦記著她的。
如何才能阻止馬加爵的悲劇重演呢?有人呼吁應(yīng)該在學(xué)校開設(shè)更多的心理輔導(dǎo)課程,有人建議應(yīng)該給貧困學(xué)生更多的捐助,而我要說的是:同學(xué)們,讓我們把更多的關(guān)愛帶給我們的舍友,同學(xué)和身邊的每一個(gè)人!
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