元旦吃食
元旦湯餅：是指古代凡小麥面制品用水煮的食品，后魏賈思勰《齊民要術(shù)》卷九“餅法”中，講了“水引馎饦法”，其中“水引”制法：“挼(ruó)如箸大，一尺一斷，盤(pán)中盛水浸，宜以手臨鐺上，挼令薄如韭葉逐沸煮。”馎饦“挼如大指許，二寸一斷，著水盆中浸，宜以手向盆旁挼使極薄，皆急火逐沸熟煮。非直光白可愛(ài)，亦自滑美殊常”�？芍�馎饦屬于同一類(lèi)型食品，只是水引似今面條，馎饦似今長(zhǎng)揪皮。其實(shí)宋人說(shuō)的“年馎饦”是一句概括語(yǔ)，也包括了水引。北宋《歲時(shí)雜記》說(shuō)：“元旦，京師人家多食索餅，所謂年馎饦，或此之類(lèi)。”(《歲時(shí)廣記》卷五引)索餅就是前代的長(zhǎng)引。長(zhǎng)引是說(shuō)拉長(zhǎng)的東西，索餅指像繩索一樣細(xì)長(zhǎng)的餅，兩個(gè)名稱(chēng)講的都是形狀細(xì)長(zhǎng)的食物。由上可知，宋代元旦流行吃面條之類(lèi)的食品。流傳至今的元旦食品要數(shù)餃子和年糕了。
餃子：前身是“餛飩”。餛飩是指面食中帶餡的食品。北齊人顏之推曾說(shuō)：“今之餛飩，形如偃月，天下通食也。”(唐段公路《北戶(hù)錄》注引)類(lèi)似今天的餃子。明代《正字通》說(shuō)：“今俗餃餌，屑米面和飴為之，干濕大小不一，或謂之‘粉角’。北人說(shuō)角如矯，實(shí)即餃耳。唐人謂之‘牢丸’。段成式《食品》有‘湯中牢丸’，即今水餃子;其‘籠上牢丸’即今蒸湯餃也。食畢出門(mén)拜年，由近及遠(yuǎn)，元午直到燒燈后。”據(jù)此則唐牢丸近似餃子，而且有煮有蒸。宋代食品中出現(xiàn)角子一詞.元代把餃子叫做“扁食”，可能出自蒙古語(yǔ)。明代的餃子如《正字通》所說(shuō)，稱(chēng)餃餌、粉角、水餃子、蒸燙面餃。此外，還有水點(diǎn)心等叫法，清代北京旗人還把餃子稱(chēng)作“煮餑餑”。元旦吃餃子興盛于明清時(shí)期的北方。如明萬(wàn)歷年間沈榜《宛署雜記》說(shuō)，北京郊區(qū)的宛平縣元旦拜年“作扁食，奉長(zhǎng)上為壽”。明嘉靖時(shí)山西《曲沃縣志》記載：“二日制扁食包金，邀婿爭(zhēng)福。”元代扁食一詞在民間流傳下來(lái)。
年糕：又稱(chēng)粘粘糕，取年年高之意。在南方用糯米制成，北方則為黏黍。年糕的歷史悠久，漢朝的米糕已有“稻餅”、“糕”、“餌”、“糍”等名稱(chēng)。6世紀(jì)食譜《食次》就有年糕“白繭糖”的制法，北朝《齊民要術(shù)》記載了將米磨成粉制糕的方法。元旦吃年糕盛行于明清時(shí)代，尤以南方流行。明末《帝京景物略》卷二記載，正月元旦，“夙興盥激，吃棗糕，日年年糕”。北方河北嘉靖時(shí)《威縣志》說(shuō)當(dāng)?shù)爻?ldquo;蒸羊糕”。在南方，江浙的蘇州、嘉定等地方志稱(chēng)“節(jié)糕”，明正德廣東《瓊臺(tái)志》記載當(dāng)?shù)爻源焊猓?ldquo;元旦前以糯粉濈(jí)蔗糖或灰汁籠蒸春糕，圍徑尺許，厚五六寸，雜諸果品歲祀，遞割為年茶，以相饋答。”其形制類(lèi)似今天的生日蛋糕。清顧祿《清嘉錄》卷十二記載更為詳細(xì)，說(shuō)將黍粉和糖為糕，叫做“年糕”，有黃色和白色之別。大的一尺見(jiàn)方為“方頭糕”，還有像元寶的“糕元寶”，用于除夕供先、親戚朋友間的贈(zèng)答。此外，還有細(xì)長(zhǎng)的“條頭糕”、寬大的“條半糕”。過(guò)節(jié)時(shí)富家雇人制糕，一般人可在糕店購(gòu)買(mǎi)。
英語(yǔ)元旦
Yesterday my mother asked me a question, which makes me a Joji monk - scratching their heads. She asked what I want New Year‘s Day gift, I said: I want to eat a lot of good food. Mom heard shook his head and says: I did not that necessary, you change one. I Yanzhuyizhuan, said: I want to go out Play. my mother said: I do not have time, and so have time to talk. Then I also mentioned several wishes, mother did not agree. Toss this one night, thought of going to school the next day but also had to stop there either. So I harbored an uneasy feeling to sleep.
Today, math teacher took a card into the classroom, I think: Who is it? Who will do it good luck card before? Read to the teacher suddenly pondered: Baby Zhang Qi won to your greeting cards. I was very surprised, I thought of classmates were just not thought of himself, I harbored doubts take over the card carefully and remembered feelings above the words Happy Baby Zhang Qi children a happy festival! in the new year to study progress. Your father, mother. Although only a short sentence I read a long time, when I really feel blessed, there is such love my mom and dad, and I‘m proud to have such parents. What I would like to precious a gift than this do? Here, I sincerely thank my parents, thank them for sending me such a simple and valuable gift.
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