元旦的英文介紹
New Year's Day is the first day of the lunar calendar. it is the day when the earth has circled the sun for one round and is beginning another circling. it represents a new beginning when people send off the old days and welcome the new ones. as the first day of the year, yuandan has been considered to be the most important festival since the ancient times.
元旦是農(nóng)歷的第一天。這是一天，當(dāng)?shù)厍蚶@著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)一圈，正在開始另一個(gè)循環(huán)。當(dāng)人們送走舊的日子，并歡迎新的朋友的時(shí)候，它代表了一個(gè)新的開始。作為一年的第一天，元旦已被認(rèn)為是自古以來(lái)最重要的節(jié)日。
customs
1.kaisui(beginning of the year): according to the chinese traditional custom, starting from haishi(9p.m. to 11p.m.)of the last evening of the twelfth lunar month, each family must prepare offering s to deities at the altar. at the same time, they too prepare food for the new year day: the whole family will then stay awake together to attend to the year(called shou sui). after haishi, zishi(11p.m. to 1a.m.)will come, and this is the arrival of new year(yuandan). at this moment, people begin the celebration with fireworks. vegetarian and sweet foods will then be placed are the altar for offerings, and incense be burned to welcome the deities. in the ancient times, it was believed that haishi connected the two years and thus was called kaisui.
At the same night, some families will follow the instruction in tongshu and place preparing altar in the direction of the "fortune deity" during the "fortune time" to receive the deity. if the direction of the "fortune deity" is at the "ill position", people will choose to receive "happy deity" or "noble deity" instead.
習(xí)俗
開歲(一年的開始)：根據(jù)中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗，從亥時(shí)(21點(diǎn)到23點(diǎn))的陰歷第十二個(gè)月的最后一個(gè)晚上，每個(gè)家庭必須準(zhǔn)備提供的s到神的祭壇。同時(shí)，他們也準(zhǔn)備了新的一年的食物：整個(gè)家庭，然后保持清醒，一起參加一年(稱為守歲)。在亥時(shí)，子時(shí)(23：00-1：00.)會(huì)來(lái)的，這是新的一年的到來(lái)(元旦)。在這一刻，人們開始用煙火慶祝。素食和甜食，然后被放置在祭壇，和香被燒毀歡迎神。在古代，人們認(rèn)為亥時(shí)連接兩年，因此被稱為“開歲”。
在同一天晚上，一些家庭將按照在統(tǒng)和地方在“幸運(yùn)神”在“財(cái)富時(shí)間”得到神的祭壇方向準(zhǔn)備指令。如果“財(cái)富之神”的方向是“不適的位置”，人們會(huì)選擇接受“快樂(lè)之神”或“高貴的神”。
2. There is an apparent difference in the custom of food taking on yuandan between the chinese in the northern and southern regions. the northern chinese has the habit of taking jiao zi(dumpling made of flour with vegetable and meat wrapped inside). some people may put a sweet or a coin inside jiao zi, hoping to have a sweet year after tasting the sweet and a wealthy year after tasting the coin. on the other hand, the southern chinese have the taboo for killing on yuandan. therefore, they do not take meat in tee morning of yuandan, so as to avoid bloodshed or mutual slaughter. in order to evade misfortune, they have the first meal of this day without meat. instead, they take vegetarian food for the sake of virtue.
在以北部和南部地區(qū)之間的中國(guó)的元旦食物習(xí)慣明顯不同。北方人有取餃子的習(xí)慣(餃子是用面粉做的，里面有蔬菜和肉包)。有些人可能把一個(gè)甜的或一個(gè)硬幣內(nèi)的餃子，希望有一個(gè)甜蜜的一年后品嘗的甜蜜和一個(gè)富裕的一年后，品嘗硬幣。另一方面，中國(guó)南方有就元旦殺害禁忌。因此，他們不參加的元旦早上發(fā)球肉類，以避免流血或互相殘殺。為了逃避不幸，他們?cè)谶@一天的第一頓飯沒(méi)有肉。相反，他們以素食為美德。
3. What is special during the new year is that parents or elders will distribute red packets(ang pao or ya sui qian)to the children. people in the ancient times were more particular in giving away the red packets: the distribution took place on the eve of new year so that the kids could suppress the past year and enter the new year. ya sui has the meaning of overcoming the unpredictable future. representing the wishes for the healthy psychological growth of the children, ya sui qian symbolises the elders' hope to see their children overcome all the unpredictable elements brought by the "year".
新的一年里有什么特殊的是，父母或長(zhǎng)輩會(huì)把紅色的包(和“包”和“你的錢”)分發(fā)給孩子們。遠(yuǎn)古時(shí)代的人們更特別地在贈(zèng)送紅包：新的一年的除夕之夜的分布，使孩子們能壓制過(guò)去的一年，進(jìn)入新的一年。“雅”的意思是克服不可預(yù)知的未來(lái)。代表對(duì)健康兒童心理成長(zhǎng)的愿望，壓歲錢象征長(zhǎng)老希望看到自己的孩子克服各種不可預(yù)知的因素所帶來(lái)的“年”。
外國(guó)人過(guò)新年
德國(guó)——“跳進(jìn)新年”
在德國(guó)，自古以來(lái)就有一種風(fēng)俗：除夕之夜，男人們聚集在一起，喝酒、玩牌直到午夜�？斓绞c(diǎn)鐘時(shí)，大家跳到桌子、椅子上，鐘聲一響，一個(gè)個(gè)往下跳，說(shuō)是“跳進(jìn)”新年，緊接著扔棍子，表示辭舊歲。
在農(nóng)村，有傳統(tǒng)的爬樹比賽。每村選一棵又直又高的樹，砍去樹枝。元旦清晨，在賽場(chǎng)上選擇十幾株高達(dá)數(shù)丈的禿樹，小伙子們順著光溜溜的樹干比賽爬高，誰(shuí)最先爬到樹頂，就是優(yōu)勝者，被譽(yù)為“新年英雄”，以示步步高升。此外，德國(guó)人多在新年那天組成樂(lè)隊(duì)，通街游行演奏，歡慶新的一年到來(lái)。
西班牙——吃十二顆葡萄
西班牙人在除夕之前要設(shè)路障，放捕獸器，挖好陷阱，以對(duì)付除夕下凡的妖魔鬼怪。除夕之夜，全家人團(tuán)聚一起盡情玩耍。等午夜十二點(diǎn)教堂的鐘聲敲響的時(shí)候，大家便爭(zhēng)著吃葡萄。如果能按著鐘聲吃下十二顆葡萄，便是象征著新的一年十二個(gè)月都順利如意。另外，他們認(rèn)為小孩子在元旦那天打架、罵人或哭哭啼啼是不祥之兆。因此，家長(zhǎng)在這一天為博得孩子的歡欣，幾乎都要滿足他們提出的一切要求。
葡萄牙——觀看斗牛表演
葡萄牙斗牛之風(fēng)盛行，每年元旦前后十天是斗牛的高潮，成千上萬(wàn)的人扶老攜幼，潮水般涌向市鎮(zhèn)斗牛場(chǎng)，以觀看斗牛士的精彩表演。
比利時(shí)——向動(dòng)物拜年
比利時(shí)的農(nóng)村，有的農(nóng)民習(xí)慣于向動(dòng)物拜年，他們?cè)谛履甑牡谝惶炝璩勘闫鸫玻叩今R、牛、豬、狗等動(dòng)物旁邊，向它們說(shuō)一聲“新年快樂(lè)”。