Youth Day (青年節(jié)) in the People's Republic of China is on May 4. It was established in December 1949 by the Government Administration Council to commemorate the beginning of the May Fourth Movement in 1919. This day is known as May Fourth Movement,Chinese intellectual revolution and sociopolitical reform movement (1917–21)。
In 1915 young intellectuals inspired by Chen Duxiu began agitating for the reform and strengthening of Chinese society through acceptance of Western science, democracy, and schools of thought, one objective being to make China strong enough to resist Western imperialism.
On May 4, 1919, reformist zeal found focus in a protest by Beijing's students against the Versailles Peace Conference's decision to transfer former German concessions in China to Japan.
After more than a month of demonstrations, strikes, and boycotts of Japanese goods, the government gave way and refused to sign the peace treaty with Germany.
The movement spurred the successful reorganization of the Nationalist Party and gave birth to the Chinese Communist Party. See also Treaty of Versailles.
五四青年節(jié)的來歷
五四青年節(jié)是為紀(jì)念1919年5月4日中國學(xué)生愛國運(yùn)動而設(shè)立的節(jié)日。
1919年5月4日,北京的青年學(xué)生為了抗議帝國主義國家在巴黎和會上支持日本對我國的侵略行動,舉行了聲勢浩大的游行示威,最后發(fā)展成為全國人民參加的反帝反封建的愛國運(yùn)動。“五四”運(yùn)動表現(xiàn)了中國人民保衛(wèi)民族獨(dú)立與爭取民主自由的堅(jiān)強(qiáng)意志,標(biāo)志著中國新民主主義革命的開始。1949年政務(wù)院正式宣布每年的5月4日為中國青年節(jié)。
五四青年節(jié)的由來背景1918年11月11日,延續(xù)4年之久的第一次世界大戰(zhàn)以英、美、法等國的勝利和德、奧等國的失敗而宣告結(jié)束。1919年1月,獲勝的協(xié)約國在巴黎凡爾賽宮召開和平會議。中華民國作為戰(zhàn)勝國參加會議。中華民國代表在會上提出廢除外國在華特權(quán),取消二十一條等正當(dāng)要求,均遭拒絕。會議竟決定日本接管德國在華的各種特權(quán)。對這喪權(quán)辱國的條約,中華民國代表居然準(zhǔn)備簽字承認(rèn)。消息傳來,舉國震怒,群情激憤。以學(xué)生為先導(dǎo)的五四愛國運(yùn)動就如火山爆發(fā)一般地開始了。
5月4日下午,北京3000多名學(xué)生在天安門前集會游行,他們高呼:“還我青島、外爭國權(quán),內(nèi)懲國賊”等口號,呼吁各界人士行動起來,反對帝國主義的侵略行徑,保衛(wèi)中國的領(lǐng)土和主權(quán)。這一運(yùn)動得到工人和各階層人士的聲援和支持,上海、南京等地的工人紛紛舉行罷工,商人罷市來示威。在全國人民的壓力下,北洋政府被迫釋放被捕學(xué)生,罷免曹汝霖等人的職務(wù),并指令巴黎參加會議的代表拒絕在和約上簽字。
五四青年節(jié)的確定
為了使青年繼承和發(fā)揚(yáng)五四運(yùn)動的光榮傳統(tǒng),1939年,陜甘寧邊區(qū)西北青年救國聯(lián)合會規(guī)定5月4日為中青年節(jié)。1949年12月23日,中國人民政府政務(wù)院正式規(guī)定:5月4日為中國青年節(jié)。
2008年4月,經(jīng)國務(wù)院法制辦同意,“青年節(jié)”放假適用人群為14至28周歲的青年,3億多青年將于每年5月4日放假半天。
按照國務(wù)院公布的《全國年節(jié)及紀(jì)念日放假辦法》的規(guī)定,“青年節(jié)(5月4日),14周歲以上的青年放假半天”,但這一規(guī)定沒有明確放假適用人群的年齡上限。
此次進(jìn)一步明確年齡上限后,將有3億多年齡在14至28周歲之間的青年可以依法在青年節(jié)這天享受到半天的假期,感受到社會對青年的關(guān)愛。
《辦法》指出,各部門和各用人單位應(yīng)自覺遵守《全國年節(jié)及紀(jì)念日放假辦法》的規(guī)定,切實(shí)保障青年的休假權(quán)利。
Youth
Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind. It is not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips and supple knees. It is a matter of the will, a quality of the imagination, vigor of the emotions; it is the freshness of the deep spring of life.
Youth means a temperamental predominance of courage over timidity, of the appetite for adventure over the love of ease. This often exits in a man of 60, more than a boy of 20.nobody grows merely by the number of years; we grow old by deserting our ideas. Years may wrinkle the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul. Worry, fear, self-distrust1 bows the heart and turns the spirit back to dust.
Whether 60 or 16, there is in every human being’s heart the lure of wonders, the unfailing childlike appetite of what’s next and the joy of the game of living. In the center of your heart and my heart there is a wireless station; so long as it receives messages of beauty, hope, cheer, courage and power from men and from infinite, so long as you are young.
When the aerials are down, and your spirit is covered with the snows of cynicism and the ice of pessimism, then you’ve grown old, even at 20, but as long as your aerials are up, to catch waves of optimism, there’s hope you may die young at 80.
青春
青春不是年華,而是心境;青春不是桃面、丹唇、柔膝,而是深沉的意志、宏偉的想象、熾熱的感情;青春是生命的深泉在涌流。
青春氣貫長虹,勇銳蓋過怯弱,進(jìn)去壓倒茍安,如此銳氣,二十后生有之,六旬男子則更多見。年年有加,并非垂老;理想丟棄,方墮暮年。
歲月悠悠,衰微只及肌膚;熱忱拋卻,頹唐必至靈魂。煩憂、惶恐、喪失自信,定使心靈扭曲,意氣如灰。
無論年屆花甲,抑或二八芳齡,心中皆有生命之歡樂,奇跡之誘惑,孩童般天真久盛不衰。人人心中皆有一臺天線,只要你從天上人間接受美好、希望、歡樂、勇氣和力量的信號,你就青春永駐,風(fēng)華常存。
一旦天線倒塌,銳氣被冰雪覆蓋,玩世不恭、自暴自棄油然而生,幾十年方二十,實(shí)已垂老矣;然則只要豎起天線,捕捉樂觀的信號,你就有望在八十高齡告別塵寰時仍覺得年輕。