本文是一則有關手抄報資料,它主要向大家展現(xiàn)了有關春節(jié)各種習俗小知識!下面就讓我們一起來品讀這則手抄報吧!
神話傳說
熬年守歲
守歲,就是在舊年的最后一天夜里不睡覺,熬夜迎接新一年的到來的習俗,也叫除夕守歲,俗名“熬年”。
探究這個習俗的來歷,在民間流傳著一個有趣的故事:太古時期,有一種兇猛的怪獸,散居在深山密林中,人們管它們叫“年”。它的形貌猙獰,生性兇殘,專食飛禽走獸、鱗介蟲豸,一天換一種口味,從磕頭蟲一直吃到大活人,讓人談“年”色變。后來,人們慢慢掌握了“年”的活動規(guī)律,它是每隔三百六十五天竄到人群聚居的地方嘗一次口鮮,而且出沒的時間都是在天黑以后,等到雞鳴破曉,它們便返回山林中去了。算準了“年”肆虐的日期,百姓們便把這可怕的一夜視為關口來煞,稱作“年關”,并且想出了一整套過年關的辦法:每到這一天晚上,每家每戶都提前做好晚飯,熄火凈灶,再把雞圈牛欄全部拴牢,把宅院的前后門都封住,躲在屋里吃“年夜飯”,由于這頓晚餐具有兇吉未卜的意味,所以置辦得很豐盛,除了要全家老小圍在一起用餐表示和睦團圓外,還須在吃飯前先供祭祖先,祈求祖先的神靈保佑,平安地度過這一夜,吃過晚飯后,誰都不敢睡覺,擠坐在一起閑聊壯膽。就逐漸形成了除夕熬年守歲的習慣。
守歲習俗興起于南北朝,梁朝的不少文人都有守歲的詩文。“一夜連雙歲,五更分二年。”人們點起蠟燭或油燈,這種風俗被人們流傳至今。
小學生猴年春節(jié)手抄報
萬年歷法說
相傳在古時候,有個名叫萬年的青年,看到當時節(jié)令很亂,就有了想把節(jié)令定準的打算,但是苦于找不到計算時間的方法。一天,他上山砍柴累了,坐在樹陰下休息,樹影的移動啟發(fā)了他,他設計了一個測日影計天時的晷儀,測定一天的時間,后來,山崖上的滴泉啟發(fā)了他的靈感,他又動手做了一個五層漏壺,來計算時間。天長日久,他發(fā)現(xiàn)每隔三百六十多天,四季就輪回一次,天時的長短就重復一遍。當時的國君叫祖乙,也常為天氣風云的不測感到苦惱。萬年知道后,就帶著日晷和漏壺去見皇上,對祖乙講清了日月運行的道理。祖乙聽后龍顏大悅,感到有道理。于是把萬年留下,在天壇前修建日月閣,筑起日晷臺和漏壺亭。并希望能測準日月規(guī)律,推算出準確的晨夕時間,創(chuàng)建歷法,為天下的黎民百姓造福。有一次,祖乙去了解萬年測試歷法的進展情況。當他登上日月壇時,看見天壇邊的石壁上刻著一首詩:
日出日落三百六,周而復始從頭來。
草木枯榮分四時,一歲月有十二圓。
小學生猴年春節(jié)手抄報
知道萬年創(chuàng)建歷法已成,親自登上日月閣看望萬年。萬年指著天象,對祖乙說:“正是十二個月滿,舊歲已完,新春復始,祈請國君定個節(jié)吧”。據(jù)說這就是春節(jié)的來歷。冬去春來,年復一年,萬年經(jīng)過長期觀察,精心推算,制定出了準確的太陽歷,當他把太陽歷呈奉給繼任的國君時,已是滿面銀須。國君深為感動,為紀念萬年的功績,便將太陽歷命名為“萬年歷”,封萬年為日月壽星。以后,人們在過年時掛上壽星圖,據(jù)說就是為了紀念德高望重的萬年.
桃符傳說
宋代王安石在《元日》這首詩中寫道:“千門萬戶曈曈日,總把新桃換舊符。”,形容初日的光亮。詩中的“桃”和“符”是互文,意即總把新桃符換下舊桃符—除舊布新。
關于桃符有個美麗的傳說---很久以前,東海度朔山風景秀麗,山上有一片桃林,其中有一株桃樹巨大無比,枝繁葉茂,曲蟠三千里,結(jié)的桃子又大又甜,人吃了這樹上的桃子能變成神仙。
一個漆黑的夜晚,有青面獠牙、紅發(fā)綠眼的鬼怪想偷吃仙桃。桃林主人神荼、郁壘二兄弟用桃枝打敗鬼怪,并用草繩捆著喂了看山的老虎。從此,兩兄弟的大名令鬼怪為之懼怕,他們死后變?yōu)閷iT懲治惡鬼的神仙。后世人們用一寸寬、七八寸長的桃木板畫上神荼、郁壘兩神仙像掛在自家門兩側(cè),以驅(qū)鬼祛邪,這種桃木板被稱作“桃符”。隨著時代的變化,桃符本身也在變化,以后人們又將兩個神仙的名字寫在桃符上,代替畫像,再后來,又發(fā)展到“題桃符”,即將字數(shù)相等、結(jié)構(gòu)對稱、意思相應的短詩題寫在桃符上,這就是春聯(lián)的前身。
貼春聯(lián)、門神
根據(jù)《玉燭寶典》,《燕京歲時記》等著作記載,春聯(lián)原始形式就是人們所說的“桃符”。在中國古代神話中,相傳有一個鬼域的世界,當中有座山,山上有一棵覆蓋三千里的大桃樹,樹梢上有一只金雞。每當清晨金雞長鳴的時候,夜晚出去游蕩的鬼魂必趕回鬼域。鬼域的大門坐落在桃樹的東北,門邊站著兩個神人,名叫神荼、郁壘。如果鬼魂在夜間干了傷天害理的事情,神荼、郁壘就會立即發(fā)現(xiàn)并將它捉住,用芒葦做的繩子把它捆起來,送去喂虎。因而天下的鬼都畏懼神荼、郁壘。于是民間就用桃木刻成他們的模樣,放在自家門口,以避邪防害。后來,人們干脆在桃木板上刻上神荼、郁壘的名字,認為這樣做同樣可以鎮(zhèn)邪去惡。這種桃木板后來就被叫做“桃符”。
到了宋代,人們便開始在桃木板上寫對聯(lián),一則不失桃木鎮(zhèn)邪的意義,二則表達自己美好心愿,三則裝飾門戶,以求美觀。又在象征喜氣吉祥的紅紙上寫對聯(lián),新春之際貼在門窗兩邊,用以表達人們祈求來年福運的美好心愿。為了祈求一家的福壽康寧,一些地方的人們還保留著貼門神的習慣。據(jù)說,大門上貼上兩位門神,一切妖魔鬼怪都會望而生畏。人們所仰慕的捉鬼天師鐘馗,即是此種奇形怪相。所以民間的門神永遠都怒目圓睜,相貌猙獰,手里拿著各種傳統(tǒng)的武器,隨時準備同敢于上門來的鬼魅戰(zhàn)斗。唐朝以后,除了以往的神荼、郁壘二將以外,人們又把秦叔寶和尉遲恭兩位唐代武將當作門神。相傳,唐太宗生病,聽見門外鬼魅呼號,徹夜不得安寧。于是他讓這兩位將軍手持武器立于門旁鎮(zhèn)守,第二天夜里就再也沒有鬼魅搔擾了。其后,唐太宗讓人把這兩位將軍的形象畫下來貼在門上,這一習俗開始在民間廣為流傳。由于中國民居的大門,通常都是兩扇對開,所以門神總是成雙成對。
英語版春節(jié)習俗
掃塵 Sweeping the Dust
“Dust” is homophonic with "chen”(塵)in Chinese, which means old and past. In this way, "sweeping the dust” before the Spring Festival means a thorough cleaning of houses to sweep away bad luck in the past year. This custom shows a good wish of putting away old things to welcome a new life. In a word, just before the Spring Festival comes, every household will give a thorough cleaning to bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new.
貼春聯(lián) Pasting Spring Couplets
“The Spring Couplet”, also called "couplet” and "a pair of antithetical phrases”, is a special form of literature in China. The Spring Couplet is composed of two antithetical sentences on both sides of the door and a horizontal scroll bearing an inscription, usually an auspicious phrase, above the gate. The sentence pasting on the right side of the door is called the first line of the couplet and the one on the left the second line. On the eve of the Spring Festival, every household will paste on doors a spring couplet written on red paper to give a happy and prosperous atmosphere of the Festival. In the past, the Chinese usually wrote their own spring couplet with a brush or asked others to do for them, while nowadays, it is common for people to buy the printed spring couplet in the market.
小學生猴年春節(jié)手抄報
貼窗花和“福”字 Pasting Paper-cuts and "Up-sided Fu”
Paper-cuts, usually with auspicious patterns, give a happy and prosperous atmosphere of the Festival and express the good wishes of Chinese people looking forward to a good life. In addition to pasting paper-cuts on windows, it is common for Chinese to paste the character "fu(福)”, big and small, on walls, doors and doorposts around the houses. "Fu(福)” shows people’s yearning toward a good life. Some people even invert the character "fu(福)” to signify that blessing has arrived because "inverted” is a homonym for "arrive” in Chinese. Now many kinds of paper-cuts and "fu(福)” can be seen in the market before the Festival.
守歲 Staying Up Late on New Year‘s Eve
The tradition of staying up late to see New Year in originated from an interesting folk tale. In ancient China there lived a monster named Year, who was very ferocious. Year always went out from its burrow on New Year’s Eve to devour people. Therefore, on every New Year’s Eve, every household would have supper together. After dinner, no one dared go to sleep and all the family members would sit together, chatting and emboldening each other. Gradually the habit of staying up late on New Year’s Eve is formed. Thus in China, "celebrating the Spring Festival” is also called "passing over the year (guo nian)”。 However, now there are less and less people in cities who will stay up late to see New Year in.