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留學(xué)網(wǎng) > 留學(xué)考試 > 雅思寫作常錯詞匯

雅思寫作常錯詞匯

發(fā)布時間:2017-10-06編輯:Misrong

一、such as與for example的混用

  我們知道,在表示舉例子的時候,such as與like是完全等同的,如:Wild flowers such as/like orchids and primroses are becoming rare.

  但是同學(xué)們對于Such as、for example 的把握還是不夠準確。我們都知道,后者接句子前者接詞語表示舉例子。于是就有了下面的寫法:

  There is a similar word in many languages, such as in French and Italian.

  這里的such as改為for example為好,因為“in French and Italian”其實是“there is a similar word in French and Italian”的簡化,所以要用for example來引出例證。再來看幾個類似的例子:

  It is possible to combine computer science with other subjects, for example physics.

二、assume 及claim 使用不夠準確

  我們知道, think,assume,claim是議論文中常用引出觀點的動詞。在實際作文中,同學(xué)們往往認為幾個詞的意思是一樣的,完全可以代換,所以拿過來就用。甚至還有同學(xué)把consider也拿過來與之混用。我們首先還是從定義來看這幾個詞的不同:

  Think: to have opinion or belief about sth.

  翻譯為“認為”,通常接賓語從句來表達比較確定的觀點。

  Assume: to think or accept that sth is true but without having proof of it.

  翻譯為“假設(shè)、假定”,是否有事實依據(jù)是不確定的。

  Claim: to say sth is true although it has not been proved and other people may not believe it.

  翻譯為“聲稱”,用這個詞往往意味著不贊同緊跟其后的觀點,所以很少用作‘I claim that…

  Scientist are claiming a breakthrough in the fight against cancer, but in fact, …。

  所以‘It is claimed that’通常翻譯為“有報道稱。。。”。和‘it is reported that ’的區(qū)別在于后者翻譯為“據(jù)報道”,往往代表著作者贊同報告的內(nèi)容,

  Consider: to think about sth carefully, especially in order to make a decision

  翻譯為“考慮”,一般不用作引出觀點,看個例子:

  We are considering buying a new car.

  所以,千萬不要在雅思大作文的第一段(觀點表達段)就因為用詞把握不準而導(dǎo)致對整篇文章的低分印象。

三、介詞使用錯誤

  1、普通介詞的誤用

  一般表現(xiàn)為固定搭配錯誤,如常把provide sb with sth用成provide sb sth; be satisfied with用成be satisfied for等等,雖然這樣的錯誤看似無傷大雅,但在考官眼里就是影響順暢閱讀的,當(dāng)然會影響最終成績。解決的辦法簡單而古老:把常見的固定搭配牢記于心,問題自然就解決了。

  2、 “to”作為介詞的誤用

  “to”最常見的用法是以動詞不定式符號的形式出現(xiàn)的,所以同學(xué)們也已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了“to do”的固定搭配。對于一些如walk to me, to the left等介詞to表方向等常見用法一般也不會出現(xiàn)錯誤。但是對于與動詞搭配的介詞to就會經(jīng)常犯錯:

  如:

  More and more students have taken to depend on their parents to make decision for them.

  這里的‘take to’ means ‘to begin to do sth as a habit’其中‘to’為介詞,所以后面只能接名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞,如動名詞。所以句中depend on 應(yīng)改為“depending on”。“take to”的另一個常用用法也需要牢記:

  He hasn’t taken to his new school. (這里‘take to’ means ‘to start liking sb or sth’)

  Prefer A to B中的“to”也是介詞,會有prefer doing sth to doing sth/ prefer sth to sth else,另外,“prefer to do sth rather than do sth”中的“to”可是真正的不定式符號。

  類似的常用用法請同學(xué)們牢記:

  Be used to doing

  Adapt to doing

  Adjust to doing

  prefer doing sth. to doing sth.

  Be accustomed to doing

  See to doing

  等等,請注意平時仔細積累。

四、表“建議”的詞匯后面忘記用虛擬從句

  這是摘自學(xué)生雅思作文中的一個病句:

  I suggest he continues his study instead of working after graduation from high school.

  因為‘suggest’翻譯為“建議”,所以后面的從句應(yīng)該用虛擬語氣,句中“continues”部分應(yīng)該改為“(should) continue”。

  在此,提醒您,一定要牢記以下常見表“建議”的詞匯,而且要記住這些詞接從句時要用虛擬語氣:

  Recommend, suggest, advise

五、compare與contrast的誤用

  我們先從兩者的定義入手來看兩者的區(qū)別。 Compare的定義為:to examine people or things to see how they are similar or different. Contrast的定義為:to compare two or more things to show the difference between them。由定義不難看出前者側(cè)重于找到兩個或多個事物的異同,而后者則側(cè)重于它們的不同。

  看個例句:

  It is interesting to compare their situations to ours./It is interesting to contrast their situations to ours.

  前一句翻譯為:對比一下我們的情況與他們的情況會很有趣。

  后一句的翻譯為:我們的情況與他們的情況有很大的不同,這很有趣。

  再看一個引自O(shè)XFORD ADBANCED LEARNER’S DICTIONARY的例子:

  There is an obvious contrast between the culture of East and West.

  The company lost $7 million in contrast to a profit of $6.2 million a year earlier.

  When you look at their new system, ours seems very old-fashioned by contrast.

  不難發(fā)現(xiàn),Compare翻譯為“與。。。相比”而contrast可譯為“明顯不同的是。。。”,切記這種翻譯方式就不會用錯彼此了

 

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