OG13的推出大大降低了寫作部分的難度，保留Analysis of an Argument(論證分析)部分，刪除Analysis of an Issue(立論文章)，因此同學(xué)們可以有更多的時(shí)間備考主體部分。當(dāng)然，必要的準(zhǔn)備是不可缺少的，本文將對新OG中的Argument部分進(jìn)行簡單的問答式攻略解析。
幾個(gè)非常常見的問題
1 AA部分要求我們寫一篇什么樣的文章?
Analysis of an Argument 是分析一個(gè)論證過程，所以我們需要寫出一篇評論。由于題目所給的Argument一般是不完整因而不可信的，所以我們的文章是以削弱為主要形式的評論型文章
2 什么是Argument?
Argument譯為論證過程，指的是作者為了說服他人而使用一個(gè)前提——結(jié)論式結(jié)構(gòu)得出自己觀點(diǎn)的推理過程
一個(gè)完整的Argument包含以下四個(gè)要素
Premise——前提，能直接退出結(jié)論的一個(gè)條件
Assumption——假設(shè)，為了使論證更可信而額外設(shè)定的條件
Evidence——論據(jù)，為了使論證更可信而引用的客觀事實(shí)
Conclusion——結(jié)論，作者最終用于說服他人而得出的觀點(diǎn)、立場
一個(gè)說服力較強(qiáng)的，完整的argument通常包含多個(gè)Assumption+Evidence來支持P——C結(jié)構(gòu)。
3 為什么要寫Analysis
從Argument結(jié)構(gòu)角度來講：我們題庫中的Argument文章一般是Assumption和Evidence大量缺失甚至出現(xiàn)錯誤，導(dǎo)致原文的結(jié)論很容易無法得出的文章。
所有的AA文章的基本表現(xiàn)形式為：“原文作者無法得出結(jié)論(因?yàn)?——削弱條件1+削弱條件2+削弱條件3——因此作者結(jié)論無法得出，如果想得出結(jié)論，就必須考慮到可能的削弱條件(123)”。
明確了這些問題我們就可以很好地進(jìn)行Argument的解題了。
例題 【例題解析】
The following appears as part of an article in the travelsection of a newspaper.
“Overthe past decade, the restaurant industry in the country of Spiessa hasexperienced unprecedented growth. This surge can be expected to continue in thecoming years, fueled by recent social changes: personal incomes are rising,more leisure time is available, single-person households are more common, andpeople have a greater interest in gourmet food, as evidenced by a proliferationof publications on the subject.”
在這道題中我們看到了一篇論證文章，所以首先需要梳理的是原文邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)：作者認(rèn)為本國正在發(fā)生一系列變化，這些變化“會在未來十年中一定促進(jìn)本國餐飲業(yè)發(fā)展”。
所以我們作為讀者可以根據(jù)原文信息進(jìn)行如下質(zhì)疑：
1. 社會發(fā)生變化不一定會帶來作者所預(yù)期的發(fā)展
2. 作者預(yù)測未來十年的變化是一定發(fā)生的，根據(jù)何在
3. 作者所預(yù)測的發(fā)展發(fā)生在本國，有沒有其他的可能性導(dǎo)致餐飲業(yè)不會發(fā)展
【例文】
This article cites that as a result of the increasingpersonal incomes, and the rising leisure time, the growing universality ofsingle-person households, and the increasing interest in gourmet food, thesurge of the restaurant industry in the country of Spiessa can be expected tocontinue in the coming years. However, careful scrutiny of these evidencesreveals numerous potential problems and critical flaws that render its author’sposition untenable.
It is mentioned inthe article that the personal incomes in the country of Spiessa has beenincreasing. By this factor, the speaker is attempting to inform us thatcitizens will spend most of their increased incomes having dinner in the restaurants.However, this belief has distorted a plain truth. Consider, for example, peoplein this country tend to pay more attention on education, rather than eating,and they are more likely to invest their extra money on their children’seducation. Under such circumstances, it is unlikely for the restaurant industryto meet a continue surge.
Except for the fourreasons, the author also guaranteed that the surge of increasing food industrywill "continue" within the next years. The basis of his prediction issimple: all aspects concerned with food industry would remain during thisperiod. But it might turn out that his expectation could be vague. Thedevelopment of certain industries depends on complex issues, such as the costof raw materials or market condition. If either of the elements tends to beworse, the food industry could suffer from the crash and would not continue thesurge of "unprecedented growth".
The article made its own view for local R industry based oninterest of local residents in a travel section of magazine. This lead us tobelieve domestic consumption is a major portion within S r industry. But ifoverseas travellers spend more money on gourmet food in S, and they simplybecame less willing to visit S for food in the coming years, we can expectthese visitors as major consumer for S. Perhaps even domestic consumptioncouldn't make any contribution to boosting local R industry.
By way of conclusion, this argument has not succeeded inproviding compelling reasons to support the relationship described by theauthor. To strengthen the conclusion, the author should have to provide additionalevidences to support that the increase in all the four areas will have directproportional relationship with the sales of restaurants, and MAKE FURTHERSTATEMENT THAT more information linking the sales and the cost of therestaurants.