1“иxҪxȫĆ?”
ETSƬThe Life of An ItemV҂һ(g)x(xing)O(sh)Ӌ(j)ֹ“__e(cu)`e(cu)`”߀Ҫ_“all the passage is covered by items”xxȫģΰÿһ(g)x(xing)?
2“W(xu)g(sh)(qing)иɿ?”
иԇxӢZZԜyԇ(yng)ԓעڜyԇW(xu)“Z”쿼“W(xu)g(sh)֪R”ԓ}ETSаl(f)(jng)F.RobinشfиҲCriterion-Referenced|(zh)@ɱʹÌW(xu)g(sh)õČW(xu)ڿԇռЃ(yu)ݡ
3P(gun)Iʲô?
ETSuB.SuomiŮʿ˼Ļشdeveloping your ideaҲLJ@^c(din)(})M(jn)жչ_(dng)Ȼǰǵ^c(din)_ӢZ
4ʲôǿԇеy}?
ETSuB.SuomiŮʿJ(rn)A difficult item requires sophisticated reasoning or understanding of a high level concept, not because it tests obscure or esoteric matter.
5ܲx?
“иxµLȱc}Ŀ(sh)ƥ”@x}ĿO(sh)Ӌ(j)ԭt“xoUԒ”mETSxԇҪˈDxҪ܉xȫIJ}P(gun)ϢЩͬW(xu)f“MxǴ_(sh)xôk?” ETSB.SuomiŮʿĽhȻŬx£keep reading, keep practicing.
6?jn)?sh)Ҫ?
ETSuJ.Bardشǿ϶x}Ҳܿ錑ǿ鲻productivityֻʹ^}ʽܿW(xu)λr(sh)g(ni)Įa(chn)@ҲZҪwF(xin)ˣ|(zh)?jn)?sh)ͬҪZͬ
SadekŮʿf?jn)?sh)Խe(cu)ĿԾԽŶ!(d)300DZ^ǡ(dng)?sh)ģһƪ²ڌ˶չ_ՓC}Ŀ(Topic development is the most important issue here.) ͬr(sh)еfNo memorized language! ҪģŶ!
7“(f)h۷ֆ”?
ETSŮ醾팣Kimfǵ(f)hǞ醾Ĺƽԣ(f)hĴ}oµϼ醾õijɿпܸڵڻԭгɿˣXؔ(ci)һ(zi)(f)hL(fng)U(xin)X֔(jn)
8ܶͬW(xu)˛_ķ^ƫ}y}ό?
Ҫ^(q)eETS}Federic Robin_fIf we intend for an item to be difficult, we make certain that it is difficult because it requires sophisticated reasoning or understanding of a high-level concept, not because it tests obscure or esoteric matter.Ҳf@(g)y}߉(f)s߸(zhn)@ǿԽܵr;@Щy}?yn)?ni)ݻޝWҊô@N}һ҂ҪԵIJˡ
9ɷ(j)^ؼų“O~R”x(xing)?
?yn)ٷڳ}ĕr(sh)ѽ(jng)x@Щ~oYxˡFederekf“Distracters(wrong options) should not include specific determiners(“always”/“never”)”.
10ÿһx}?
x}ĵһxǽ^܃HHMڵһ, һҪŪÿ(g)_x(xing)_ԭͬr(sh)ÿһ(g)e(cu)`x(xing)e(cu)`ԭETS}AshmoreV҂}ĕr(sh)@ôģᘌÿһ}һҪѴ𰸵ԭضx_
• Articulate why each distracter(wrong option) is wrong
• Consider whether you could defend the key(right option) to an examinee.
11(x)(ji)}DzһҪļ(x)(ji)?Щ߅߅߅ǵļ(x)(ji)ɲܕ?
ETSنTJefffÿһ}ĿO(sh)Ӌ(j)ĕr(sh)}߶ԼDoes the item measure something worth measuring, or is it trivial and unimportant?O(sh)Ӌ(j)F(tun)(du)Ўׂ(g)ɆTxߣtĕ@(g)}Ŀ⣬ڳ}ĕr(sh)ҲO_x(xing)?yn)length, complexity,or diction stand out.
12Z@NsubjectiveĿԇƽ?
1).ÿһ(g)ZresponseǶһ(g)rater((sh),ETSvf17350(g)raters......)ĵDZSC(j)ķֽoͬraters@ӾͿԴpͬһ(g)rater(yn)ɶӰijһ(g)˵ķ?jn)?sh)M(jn)Cƽ
2).ZģǴ_е.v˷һοпZdz(bio)(zhn)ҲdzǾ܇AԒmڶ(g)}ĿĴ]Ќ(sh)|(zh)(ni)ıٽo˺ܵ͵ķ?jn)?sh)
13Zԇе¼?
ٸV҂ஔ(dng)test takersڿZԇĕr(sh)fI hate ETS.You make my life miserable.I am so mad about you. (dng)ж@ӵtest takersr(sh)ٟoεЦЦfmore than you could expect.
؟(z)վϢԴھW(wng)j(lu)D(zhun)ddzڂfϢ֮Ŀζٝͬ^c(din)C(sh)(ni)ݵ挍(sh)CϢĺԡ(zhn)_ԺҲϢIJ(zhn)_z©(do)µκΓpʧpГ(dn)؟(z)W(wng)վϢHͷ(w)ĸ(j)ʹñW(wng)Yϰl(f)ƫվŲؓ(f)؟(z)ؓ(f)κη؟(z)CKጙ(qun)