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иƂ俼h

l(f)r(sh)g:2017-08-17 ݋:younian

1“иxҪxȫĆ?”

ETSƬThe Life of An ItemV҂һ(g)x(xing)O(sh)Ӌ(j)ֹ“__e(cu)`e(cu)`”߀Ҫ_“all the passage is covered by items”xxȫΰÿһ(g)x(xing)?

2“W(xu)g(sh)(qing)иɿ(j)?”

иԇxӢZ(y)Z(y)Ԝy(c)ԇ(yng)ԓ(zhun)עڜy(c)ԇW(xu)“Z(y)”⿼쿼“W(xu)g(sh)֪R(sh)”ԓ(wn)}ETSаl(f)(jng)F.Robinشf(shu)иҲCriterion-Referenced|(zh)@ɱʹÌW(xu)g(sh)õČW(xu)ڿԇռЃ(yu)(sh)

3(xi)P(gun)Iʲô?

ETSu(png)(zhun)B.SuomiŮʿ˼Ļشdeveloping your ideaҲLJ@^c(din)(})M(jn)жչ_(ki)(dng)Ȼǰǵ^c(din)_ӢZ(y)(xi)(li)

4ʲôǿԇеy}?

ETSu(png)(zhun)B.SuomiŮʿJ(rn)A difficult item requires sophisticated reasoning or understanding of a high level concept, not because it tests obscure or esoteric matter.

5ܲx?

“иxµL(zhng)ȱc}Ŀ(sh)ƥ”@x}ĿO(sh)Ӌ(j)ԭt“xŸo(w)UԒ”mETSxԇҪˈDxҪ܉xȫIJ}P(gun)ϢЩͬW(xu)f(shu)“MxǴ_(sh)xôk?” ETSB.SuomiŮʿĽhȻŬx£keep reading, keep practicing.

6(xi)?jn)?sh)Ҫ?

ETSu(png)(zhun)J.Bardشǿ϶x}Ҳܿ錑(xi)ǿ鲻(li)productivityֻʹ^}ʽܿW(xu)λr(sh)g(ni)Įa(chn)@ҲZ(y)ҪwF(xin)ˣ|(zh)?jn)?sh)ͬҪZ(y)ͬ

SadekŮʿf(shu)?jn)?sh)Խ෸e(cu)ĿԾԽŶ!(d)(xi)300DZ^ǡ(dng)?sh)һƪ²ڌ?xi)˶չ_(ki)ՓC}Ŀ(Topic development is the most important issue here.) ͬr(sh)еf(shu)No memorized language! ҪģŶ!

7“(f)h(hu)۷ֆ”?

ETSŮ醾팣(zhun)Kimf(shu)ǵ(f)hǞ醾Ĺƽԣ(f)hĴ}oµϼ(j)醾õijɿ(j)пܸڵڻԭгɿ(j)X(qin)ؔ(ci)һ(zi)(f)hL(fng)U(xin)X(qin)֔(jn)

8ܶͬW(xu)˛_ķ^ƫ}y}ό(du)(du)?

Ҫ^(q)e(du)ETS}Federic Robin_f(shu)If we intend for an item to be difficult, we make certain that it is difficult because it requires sophisticated reasoning or understanding of a high-level concept, not because it tests obscure or esoteric matter.Ҳf(shu)@(g)y}߉݋(f)s߸(li)(zhn)@ǿԽܵr;@Щy}?yn)?ni)ݻޝ?yun)WҊ(jin)ô@N}һ҂ҪԵIJ

9ɷ(j)^ؼ(li)ų“O~R”x(xing)?

?yn)ٷڳ}ĕr(sh)ѽ(jng)(hu)x@Щ~oYxFederekf(shu)“Distracters(wrong options) should not include specific determiners(“always”/“never”)”.

10΁(li)(du)ÿһx}?

x}ĵһx(du)ǽ^(du)܃HHMڵһ, һҪŪÿ(g)_x(xing)_ԭͬr(sh)ÿһ(g)e(cu)`x(xing)e(cu)`ԭETS}AshmoreV҂}ĕr(sh)@ôģᘌ(du)ÿһ}һҪѴ𰸵ԭضx_(ki)(li)

• Articulate why each distracter(wrong option) is wrong

• Consider whether you could defend the key(right option) to an examinee.

11(x)(ji)}Dzһ(hu)Ҫļ(x)(ji)?Щ߅߅߅ǵļ(x)(ji)ɲܕ(hu)?

ETSنTJefff(shu)ÿһ}ĿO(sh)Ӌ(j)(li)ĕr(sh)}߶(hu)(wn)ԼDoes the item measure something worth measuring, or is it trivial and unimportant?O(sh)Ӌ(j)F(tun)(du)Ўׂ(g)ɆTxߣtĕ(hu)@(g)}Ŀڳ}ĕr(sh)Ҳ(hu)O_x(xing)?yn)length, complexity,or diction stand out.

12Z(y)@NsubjectiveĿԇƽ?

1).ÿһ(g)Z(y)responseǶһ(g)rater(Œ(sh),ETSvf(shu)17350(g)raters......)(li)ĵģDZSC(j)ķֽoͬraters(li)@ӾͿԴpͬһ(g)rater(du)(yn)(du)ɶӰijһ(g)˵ķ?jn)?sh)M(jn)Cƽ

2).Z(y)ģǴ_е.v˷һοпZ(y)dz(bio)(zhn)ҲdzǾ܇(ch)AԒmڶ(g)}ĿĴ](mi)Ќ(sh)|(zh)(ni)ݣıٽo˺ܵ͵ķ?jn)?sh)

13Z(y)ԇе¼?

ٸV҂ஔ(dng)test takersڿZ(y)ԇĕr(sh)(hu)f(shu)I hate ETS.You make my life miserable.I am so mad about you. (dng)(wn)ж@ӵtest takersr(sh)ٟo(w)εЦЦf(shu)more than you could expect.

؟(z)•վϢ(li)ԴھW(wng)j(lu)D(zhun)ddzڂfϢ֮Ŀģζٝͬ^c(din)C(sh)(ni)ݵ挍(sh)CϢĺ(zhn)_ԺҲ(du)ϢIJ(zhn)_z©(do)µκΓpʧpГ(dn)؟(z)W(wng)վϢH׺ͷ(w)ĸ(j)ʹñW(wng)Yϰl(f)ƫվŲؓ(f)؟(z)಻ؓ(f)κη؟(z)ΣCKጙ(qun)

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