托福語法詞性變化指南
托福語法指南--詞性變化
詞性混淆誤用一直是TOEEL考題中最重要的命題形式。它與“基本句子結(jié)構(gòu)”(本書要點(diǎn)之1)和“平行結(jié)構(gòu)”(本書要點(diǎn)之4)組成TOEEL命題的三大焦點(diǎn)。有關(guān)詞性混淆的試題主要集中在written Expression (16-40題)中，命題范圍包括
(1)并列結(jié)構(gòu)中詞性一致、
(2)形容詞與副詞混淆、
(3)形容詞與名詞混淆、
(4)名詞與動(dòng)詞混淆。其中，形容詞用錯(cuò)的.題型占此類命題的最大比例。詞性混淆�？碱}型及解題要點(diǎn)1.并列連詞and but or結(jié)構(gòu)要求詞性統(tǒng)一
全真例題分析
(1) Bigness. Boastful. And strong. Frontiersman Mike Fink was the subject of many folk tales. (93.3)
[答案] A并列連詞and連接三個(gè)形容詞，故(A)Bigness應(yīng)改為Big。
(2) The success of a naval ship is determined by its seaworthiness, speedy ,and maneuverability. (92.10)
[答案] D并列連詞and連接三個(gè)名詞，而speed是形容詞，故應(yīng)改為speed。
(3) Regulation of public utilities in the United States is carried out by locally state and federal governments. (92.5)
[答案] D并列連詞and連接三個(gè)形容詞性質(zhì)的詞，共同修飾后面的中心詞governnenrfs。而locally是副詞，應(yīng)改為local。
(4) In Middle Ages. Books called bestiaries were prepared in an attempt to describe animals, real or imagine, that exemplified human traits. (92.5)
[答案] B并列連詞or前面是形容詞real。之后亦應(yīng)是形容詞imaginary。
2.形容詞錯(cuò)用為副詞
解題要點(diǎn)形容詞用來修飾說明名詞或名詞性成分的，而副詞則可修飾除名詞以外的所有詞性及句子成分。
全真例題分析
(1) Animal life on Prince Edward island is confined large to ducks. Pheasants. And rabbits (93.5)
[答案]C修飾限定介詞短語to ducks pheasants and rabbits應(yīng)用副詞largely。
(2) The General Sherman tree a giant sequoia in California, has grown to be the world*s largest plant at approximate 272 feet tall.
[答案] D修飾說明數(shù)詞(272)應(yīng)用副詞approximately。
(3) Because its body is supported by water, the blue whale can grow to a size considerable larger than any land mammal alive today. (93.8)
[答案]修飾形容詞短語larger than…應(yīng)用副詞形式considerably。
(4) Once an important port of entry for immigrants to the United States. Island recent reopened its great hall s a museum of immigration. (92.8)<詞性是否正確，是否錯(cuò)用為動(dòng)詞。
全真例題分析
(1) The work *saga* is often application to any narration of events of the past, whether mythical or historical in character. (92.10)
[答案] A application應(yīng)改為applied，作謂語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
(2) Administrative assistants are often expected to make decisions, supervision staff, delegate responsibility, and work harmoniously with managers and fellow cmployces. (92.100
[答案] B supervision改為動(dòng)詞原形supervise與后面名詞組成動(dòng)賓
結(jié)構(gòu)。
(3) Fascination by the promise of the internal engine and its application to a self-propelled vehicle, Henly Ford constructed a one-cylinder gasoline motor in 1892. (93.10)
[答案] A Fascination改為Fascinated,與后面的by組成過去分詞短語作狀語。
(4) From 1872 to, Alice Elvira Freeman was Dean of Women at the newly foundation University of Chicago. (93.8)
[答案] D foundation改為founded過去分詞作定語，修飾University of Chicago
5.由表示詞性的后綴- fur ,-tie -enc., -ent,-tive都很可能是此題的考試焦點(diǎn)
全真例題分析
(1) Few theories are originality enough to be called unique. (92.10)
[答案] C名詞originality應(yīng)改為形容詞original作表語。
(2) Height, powerful and speed are attributes that coaches often look for in basketball players. (93.8)
[答案] A形容詞powerful應(yīng)改為名詞power，與height和speed并列。
(3) A major purpose of scientific analysts is to idenufy and examine causal connections between independent and dependence variables. (93.1)
[答案] D名詞dependence應(yīng)改為形容詞dependent,用來修飾后面的名詞variables。
(4) A deficient of folic acid is rarely found in humans because the vitamin is contained in a wide variety of foods. (92.8)
[答案]A形容詞deficient改為名詞deficiency。作主語。
(5) In nature, the distributive of plants is obviously
related to climate. (90.8)
[答案] B形容詞distributive改為名詞distribution，用主語。
(6) A foreign exchange rate is a price that reflects the relative supply and demand of difference currencies. (93.5)
[答案] D名詞difference改為形容詞different，修飾后面的名詞。
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