ܶν|ԇČWǷdzČľCό֣Ҳ҂fС@ӵɆ“ô@ô׃B(ti)?x ٌ!”䌍ȫ؞˽]ȿxĴؚһȻ_!
summarizeҲǸx µҪ(ni)ݺՓc
@䌍IntroductionҪă(ni)˸һξͲɆ}!
ParaphraseҲǸČպ˸Č㌑팢X~ˮČ䌍ҪăɷN
һʹòͬ~R
a.ʹͬx~µһЩl~Rͬx~һҪF(xin)Ȟl
important→essential, crucial, vital, significant,
think→claim, believe, consider, deem, figure out
nowadays→currently, at present, now, recently, in recent years, these days
b.׃~@һNyһЩķҪZAdz`\á
n. → v.
EgWhen we look at a comparison between A and B…
When we compare A and B…
Adj. → n.
There are a variety of solutions to the problem.
There are various solutions to the problem.
c. ʹòͬijн~н~®еʹஔlHǶͶB߀Ӻ;ӵBӡסһЩõijн~ĸČИO
because of → due to, owing to, because, as, since, for
but → however, nevertheless, nonetheless, whereas
so → therefore, hence, thus, consequently
d.~_ijЩ~Mģ_DZȌЧ
Eg: not as easy as…→more difficult than…
Not uncommon→common
The cheapest → the least expensive
ڶʹòͬľ
a. ׃~@ǷdzεһNȫÄXͿMиČеĠZ(Zľ)Qλ
Eg: For many years, people have believed ….
→People believed… for many years.
After this programs has been solved, work on … can continue.
b. ZB(ti)ͱZB(ti)ĻQEg: Trained scientists performed this research.
→This research was performed by trained scientists.
c. ʹ“there be” Ԍһξ䣬R׃һ붨Zľ߷~ďsEg: Several computer programs can be used to solve this problem.
→There are several computer programs that can be used to solve this problem.There are several computer programs used to solve this problem.
d. Zľ䣬~ͲZĻQ
Eg: Study…, conducted by sociologists in 2004, shows that…
→Study…, which was conducted by sociologists in 2004, shows that…
Eg: This…, which is one of the most powerful … in the world, has…
→This…, one of the most powerful… in the world, has…
CiteCό˿^ֻһ^ߵĽǶȌ@ƪµă(ni)Mij^cdzƪһҪf@ЩھCόбزȱ
a.According to+noun.
Eg: According to the passage/lecture/author/professor,…
b.Subject+verbs of reporting +that clause
Eg: The author tells/reports/suggests/explains/says/argues/states/indicates/claims/points out/thinks/believes that…
The speaker agrees/disagrees/rejects/disputes/challenges/takes a different view….
c. As is indicated/displayed/illustrated in the passage/lecture,...
SynthesizeҲBwvdzн~ʹஔҪ®еҪϢBwF(xin)ߌڃƪµ_fߵ˼·ھCόnjƪµı^팦ȺfMijн~ʹõl
a.Transitional words showing contrast: however, on the other hand, in contrast, on the contrary
b.Transitional words showing addition: moreover, furthermore, in addition, besides, as well
F(xin)ڣDzǸXܶ?Ҳ]ô¾Cό?ֻҪĴCόfǂyԿԽP