иԇ醾uֵʲô
TOEFL(The Test of English as a Foreign LanguageQTOEFL)y(w)(ETS)ekӢZԇȫ“zӢZĸZߵӢZԇ”g“и”YJBYSСҾѼиԇ醾uֵʲôأgӭ҅b
ETSԇ^УdzP(gun)עFairness@һҪƽԭtзdzҪһwF(xin)Ǵ_ȫ}Y(ji)ɽy(tng)һ醾ˁM(jn)ETSиĸiBT֮ǼþW(wng)j(lu)M(jn)нy(tng)һ醾uֵM(jn)
иԇ醾uˆTETSĹٷˆTô?
ETSTԇĿHHиԇĿЇÿг^20fˈ@ҲζHǏ醾u@ҪͶǏETSk^(q)҂뵽DzȥôٷˆT醾
ETSuֆTǃHETSٷˆTˆTͨ^ضM(jn)ļֻҪˆTՈɞuֆTҪETSkڼ醾Ǟ˴_uֵĿƌW(xu)Ժ͜(zhn)_еuˆT횅cuӖ(xn)Kͨ^J(rn)CyԇՈͨ^Y|(zh)˺M(jn)뵽Ӗ(xn)h(hun)(ji)ɞһTrain rater
(dng)Ӗ(xn)쾚еu֘(bio)(zhn)͕֮M(jn)뾀u֭h(hun)(ji)Ӗ(xn)߱ôģM(jn)ЌʽuֱԼĴֺĿ(bio)ȫһ·ͨ^yԇɞһCertify rater^УETSĹٷuֆT䮔(dng)?sh)ľһк͌(do)ĽɫҲ@ӵģʽŴ_ˌI(y)ˆTĸЧͬrҲ_uֵĿƌW(xu)Ժ͜(zhn)_
ETSȻʹXuô?XuǷӋ挍ɿ?
䌍Xu@ѽ(jng)\ڌԇ@ʲôda(chn)ԏ20101_ʼiBTČuϵy(tng)M(jn){(dio)ԭ2uֆTuȡg(sh)ƽraw scoreԭʼĞ1uֆT1Xuϵy(tng)(e-Rater)uȡg(sh)ƽԭʼֵķʽM֮Ҳкܶ}C(j)(gu)ҲW(xu)(x)@NuַʽKuЧKŗ@ҲǺܶ˲yETSF(xin)ĿԇǷ߀^m(x)ʹXuֵԭڡ
fETSӖ(xn)ÿһλETSĹٷˆTἰHuman Scoring & Automated ScoringĸشҲܲ뵽Y(ji)ETSXuֵIJǘ˲ƣģҌuֵĽY(ji)ǘOε
䌍ETS֮ǰXu@ҲĴ](dn)@ӳиɿ^ڙC(j)еصóY(ji)Ǯ(dng) ꌣҵvETSXuֵxһ҂֮ǰXuֵJ(rn)RȫXÃHHһЩмmeܵܛM(jn)uxϵe-Raterһڏ(qing)(sh)(j)ϵy(tng)ֵ֧һ\ϵy(tng)܉?q)ݔ?ni)ݺ͔(sh)(j)ă(ni)M(jn)бʽ@Ӿ͘O(qing)醾uֵ`Ⱥ͏V
ETSȫĜyԇ(w)C(j)(gu)쪚ă(yu)Ǿÿ궼܉e۴(sh)(j)܉M(jn)иµ@ʹXuϵy(tng)ܻȶyԇC(j)(gu)Xuϵy(tng)s̓]д(sh)(j)(ni)֧Ȼoõһ'uЧ
һ棬Xuصă(yu)ǾǾ߂Ŀ^ԡ醾ƣvh(yun)܉P(gun)עÿһu֘(bio)(zhn)]еÿһ(x)(ji)ÿһ;]wҲͲ^ӳͬһƪh(yun)ֻoһ׃ķ?jn)?sh);܌ÿһƪoķ?jn)?sh)ܽowĽጣ@˞u֟o
뵽挍ɿġֻ^ַǙC(j)е،uֆTuֺXuM(jn)ƽӋ҂䌍Ըذɞֹf(xi)(lin)з
ȣE-Raterؓ(f)؟(z)LinguisticIJP(gun)עµ߉Z÷ܘ(gu)~RҪ˹ؓ(f)؟(z)(ni)ݺͺxuĿ(bio)ϸзֹ醾˺XǪз˴˿ķ?jn)?sh)(dng)ߵķֲڄӑB(ti)^(q)gֵr?jn)?sh)ЧзֽY(ji);(dng)ߵķֲڄӑB(ti)^(q)gֵr˹uֺXu־oЧµзֽMM(jn)uȻз֟oЧָoETSٷ醾ֱз֣@NrٳF(xin)
ڜ(zhn)иԇͬW(xu)vҪõһMиɿҪն֪R߀(yng)ԓиԇ醾uַʽ˽!
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