雅思大作文考的是議論文,即考查考生是否能夠在相對(duì)較短的時(shí)間內(nèi)搜集論據(jù),具體地論證自己的觀點(diǎn)。另外,大作文的話題范圍也很廣,政府、社會(huì)、工作、經(jīng)濟(jì)、科技、教育等話題都會(huì)考到!∧敲矗瑧(yīng)該如何對(duì)大作文進(jìn)行有力的論證呢?下面就請(qǐng)跟小編一起看看!
但對(duì)于長期接觸國內(nèi)英語學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生來說,在寫作時(shí)仍然會(huì)摸不著頭腦,無處下筆。因?yàn)橹袊忌苌倏紤]這方面的問題,學(xué)校老師也很少鼓勵(lì)對(duì)這些社會(huì)話題進(jìn)行討論,造成考生想問題往往只能按照固定模式,因而論證非?斩、缺乏說服力。
中國考生在應(yīng)對(duì)雅思作文時(shí)喜歡通過講道理來說明問題,但話題中并不是所有題目和內(nèi)容都可以通過道理來說服他人的, 比如關(guān)于“anti-social behavior”屬于道德范疇的話題是很難用道理來講清楚的。所以,建議考生在備考時(shí)需要加強(qiáng)論據(jù)論證的能力,使其能夠很好地支持自己的觀點(diǎn)。
最常用的方式就是解釋和舉例,幾乎在每一篇雅思大作文中都可以看見這兩種論證方法。
如下面關(guān)于“work at home or study at home”的一段例證:
IBM, one of the business giants, has saved nearly 70 million USdollars in its northeastern region by promoting telecommuting, which has been adriving force to other enterprises to convert their normal working staff intotelecommuters. Companies in Japan are one of them and plan to launch the schemein 2009, which, in turn, spiritually wins more supports from the existingemployees, and attracts new hires.
這段話中的2個(gè)例子(商業(yè)巨頭IBM和日本的企業(yè)計(jì)劃)都較好地完成了“若員工選擇在家上班,會(huì)對(duì)公司帶來積極的作用”這一證明。
此外,提醒考生們需要注意的是,雅思大作文明確指出“give reasons or examples fromyour own experience”, 這里的“yourown experience”和“your personal experience”是完全不同的概念。前者是指通過個(gè)人的學(xué)習(xí)和總結(jié)而獲得的經(jīng)驗(yàn), 后者是指?jìng)(gè)人經(jīng)歷或周圍某個(gè)個(gè)體的故事。
如談到“working hard produces better results”,“your own experience”的例子一定是“some 3-year-high school students usually stay up late to reviewlessons and prepare for next day classes”,而“your personal experience”的例子則應(yīng)該是“my roommate, Tony has always been working hard on studies and staying up lateevery night”,不難看出兩者的區(qū)別。
另外,數(shù)據(jù)論證也是一個(gè)重要的方法,同時(shí)也是國外文章中非常常見的。使用這種方式需要注意兩點(diǎn):數(shù)據(jù)和數(shù)據(jù)的來源。數(shù)據(jù)的真實(shí)性不重要,但至少要看上去是“真實(shí)的”。
如:A survey by the latest Ministry of Labor’s opinion poll shows that more companies would like to open theirdoors to disabled people, as long as they can access to modern technology, andthe rate has been increasing every year by 5% since 2003.
使用數(shù)據(jù)論證,提醒考生們不要刻意將數(shù)據(jù)夸張,這樣反而會(huì)降低數(shù)據(jù)的真實(shí)可靠性。常見的句型有“a survey by….shows that / a research by….finds out that/ a study by….suggests that / Statistics by….conclude that…”省略號(hào)的部分是需要根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容來填寫的數(shù)據(jù)來源出處或機(jī)構(gòu)。
第三個(gè)常見的論證方法要數(shù)類比論證了。類比論證可以是一個(gè)東西或行為的正反面對(duì)比,也可以是一種現(xiàn)象的時(shí)間前后的論證。
如下面關(guān)于“是否moving to regional areas”的例子:Staffs used to complain about the crowded offices shared withclimbing number of colleagues, the acute shortage of parking lots, theexpensive luncheon, and the tedious civic landscape filled up with cement,steel rods and ceramic tiles. Now, companies can move to larger spaces, likeindustrial parks in the regional areas equipped with more personalized facilities,ranging from regular shuttle bus service, areas for relaxation, and morecomfortable meeting rooms to hold a larger group of audience.
使用類比論證法可以讓段落的內(nèi)容和字?jǐn)?shù)大幅度提高。上面的這段論述完全可以只寫搬遷到郊外辦公后對(duì)員工的利益; 但是增加了前面“staff used to…”的內(nèi)容,能夠加倍體現(xiàn)遷移的好處,前后形成一個(gè)鮮明的對(duì)比,增加文章的說服力。
不過,需要特別注意的是,若使用不當(dāng),對(duì)比論證也可能讓文章變得乏味。
比如上面的例子中,在“staff usedto…”這段文字中講到了員工的種種抱怨(停車車位緊缺、午飯昂貴、辦公室狹小等),如果在后面的利益中接著談搬遷到郊外后停車車位不緊缺、午飯便宜、辦公室寬敞等內(nèi)容的話,大家不難發(fā)現(xiàn)這樣的論證其實(shí)是很無趣的。