今天我們一起來(lái)攻克雅思閱讀的另一個(gè)難關(guān)—長(zhǎng)難句,我選擇的這篇文章是劍4閱讀真題的第四套第二篇。做過(guò)題的同學(xué)會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),這篇文章滿(mǎn)眼的長(zhǎng)難句,那我們就挑兩句最長(zhǎng)的長(zhǎng)難句一起來(lái)分析一下。
例1
Whereas cultural anthropologists will often base their conclusions on the experience of living within contemporary communities, archaeologists study past societies primarily through their material remains—the buildings, tools, and other artifacts( that constitute what is known as the material culture left over from former societies. )
whereas conj.然而,鑒于
本句,大的方向是對(duì)比cultural anthropologists和archaeologists,如劃線(xiàn)所示。破折號(hào)后面用來(lái)解釋material remains,其中包含了that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,在定語(yǔ)從句內(nèi)部,有what引導(dǎo)的充當(dāng)constitute的賓語(yǔ)從句,并且在賓語(yǔ)從句內(nèi)部,又包含了一個(gè)分詞作定語(yǔ),修飾material culture。
本句話(huà)的中文翻譯:文化人類(lèi)學(xué)家常常把他們的結(jié)論基于在當(dāng)代社區(qū)生活的經(jīng)歷上,而考古學(xué)家卻主要通過(guò)研究我們所知道的從過(guò)去社會(huì)遺留下來(lái)的殘留物質(zhì)—建筑,工具和其它人工制品。
例2
To archaeology, which studies all cultures and periods, whether with or without writing, the distinction between history and pre-history is a convenient dividing line(that recognizes the importance of the written word, but in no way lessens the importance of the useful information contained in oral histories. )
劃線(xiàn)部分是本句話(huà)的主干,前面由which引導(dǎo)的修飾archaeology的定語(yǔ)從句,一起充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)。后面是由that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾a convenient dividing line,在定語(yǔ)從句中并列先行詞的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞recognize和lessen。最后的contained in oral histories為分詞作定語(yǔ),修飾useful information。
本句話(huà)的翻譯:對(duì)于研究所有文化和時(shí)期的考古學(xué)來(lái)說(shuō),不管有沒(méi)有文字記錄,歷史和史前史的區(qū)分都是一條便利的分界線(xiàn),它承認(rèn)了書(shū)面文字的重要性,但是一點(diǎn)也不減少口述歷史中所包含的有用信息的重要性。