關(guān)系詞,即體現(xiàn)句子之間關(guān)系的詞或詞組。也有不少人稱之為信號(hào)詞,或者是連接詞。不管在雅思聽說讀寫四門中的任何一門都需要用到這類詞,以使得句子更加流暢,句意更加明晰。分析認(rèn)為,關(guān)系詞可分為兩大類:
1. 同向關(guān)系詞
同向關(guān)系詞,即用上此類詞或詞組,句子內(nèi)部或句子間的方向沒有發(fā)生改變,只是根據(jù)前面的句意進(jìn)一步延伸和細(xì)化。將其歸納為:
舉例關(guān)系詞:for example, for instance,e.g., such as, like, take sth for example.
類比關(guān)系詞:like,alike, similar, same,as
選擇,并列和遞進(jìn)關(guān)系詞:or,either…or, and, as well,also, besides, apart from, in addition, what’s more,furthermore, moreover
因果關(guān)系詞:表示由引起的,后接原因的詞或詞組:because,be cause of,as a result of, as a consequence of, due to, result from, be attributed to, be contributed to, arise from, owing to, thanks to, in that
表示導(dǎo)致,后接結(jié)果的詞或者詞組:so, therefore, thus, as a result, as a consequence, lead to, result in, attribute to, contribute to, give rise to, bring about, generate
總結(jié)關(guān)系詞:in conclusion, to conclude,to sum up, in sum, all in all, in brief
2. 逆向關(guān)系詞
逆向關(guān)系詞,即用上此類詞或詞組,句子內(nèi)部或句子間的方向發(fā)生改變,前后句子意思形成相反關(guān)系?偨Y(jié)發(fā)現(xiàn),這類詞包含:
否定關(guān)系詞:not,none, no, never, non-,dis-, un-, in-, im-, -less, few, little, hardly, barely,seldom, neither…nor
轉(zhuǎn)折和讓步關(guān)系詞:but,however, yet, nevertheless,nonetheless, in fact, actually, despite, in spite of, although, even though,though
對(duì)比關(guān)系詞:unlike,by contrast, in contrast, on the contrary, conversely
(注:以上各類關(guān)系詞中所舉的例子僅僅只是常見的一部分)