1、In some cultures the essence of magic is its traditional integrity; it can be efficient only if it has been ------- without loss from primeval times to the present practitioner.
A, conventionalized
B, realized
C, transmitted
D, manipulated
E, aggrandized
magic: n.魔術(shù)，法術(shù)，巫術(shù)
integrity: n.1.正真，廉正，誠實(shí)，誠懇 2.完整，完全 3.完善，健全
primeval: a.原始的，早期的，遠(yuǎn)古的
efficient: a.1.效率高的，有能力的，能勝任的 2.直接產(chǎn)生效果的，有效的，生效的
conventionalize: a.使符合習(xí)俗，使慣例化，按傳統(tǒng)手法表現(xiàn)
aggrandize: v.擴(kuò)大…權(quán)勢，提高…地位，增進(jìn)，擴(kuò)充
在某些文化中，巫術(shù)的本質(zhì)在于其傳統(tǒng)的完整性：只有當(dāng)它被完好無損地從遠(yuǎn)古時(shí)期傳遞到當(dāng)今術(shù)士的手中，它方能顯得卓有成效。
2、Although skeptics say financial problems will probably --------- our establishing a base on the Moon. Supporters of the project remain ------, saying that human curiosity should overcome such pragmatic constraints.
A, beset.. disillusioned
B, hasten.. hopeful
C, postpone.. pessimistic
D, prevent.. enthusiastic
E, allow.. unconvinced
sceptic: n.懷疑(論)者，〔哲〕不可知論者
pragmatic: a.1.講究實(shí)際的，實(shí)干的，重實(shí)效的 2.實(shí)用主義的 3.國事的，國務(wù)的
constraint:n.1.約束，限制 2.強(qiáng)迫，強(qiáng)制 3.克制，抑制，拘束
beset: v.1.困擾，使苦惱 2.包圍，圍攻
disillusion: v.使幻滅
postpone: v.1.延遲，延緩，使延期 2.把…放在后面
pessimistic: a.悲觀(主義)的
盡管懷疑論者聲稱，經(jīng)濟(jì)問題將有可能阻礙我們在月球上建立一個(gè)基礎(chǔ)，但這一計(jì)劃的支持者卻熱情不減，宣稱人類的求知欲理應(yīng)克服這些實(shí)際障礙。
3、Before the Second World War, academics still questioned whether the body of literature produced in the United States truly ------- a ------- literature, or whether such literature was only a provincial branch of English literature.
A, symbolized.. local
B, constituted.. national
C, defined.. historical
D, outlined.. good
E, captured.. meaningful
academic: n.1.大學(xué)生，大學(xué)教師 2.學(xué)者，學(xué)會(huì)會(huì)員
provincial: a.1.狹隘的，地方性的 2.外省的，外地的
symbolize: v.象征，標(biāo)志
第二次世界大戰(zhàn)之前，學(xué)者們依然感到疑惑，即在美國創(chuàng)作的全部文學(xué)作品是否真正能構(gòu)成一種民族文學(xué)，抑或這種文學(xué)只能算作英國文學(xué)的一個(gè)地方性分支。
4、Many more eighteenth-century novels were written by women than by men, but this dominance has, until very recently, been regarded merely as ------- fact, a bit of arcane knowledge noted only by bibliographers.
A, a controversial
B, a statistical
C, an analytical
D, an explicit
E, an unimpeachable
dominance: n.優(yōu)勢，支配(或統(tǒng)治)地位，最高權(quán)力
arcane: a.神秘的，晦澀難解的，秘密的
bibliographer: n.1.書目編制者 2.目錄學(xué)家，書志學(xué)家
explicit: a.1.詳述，明確的，明析的 2.直言的，坦率的 3.顯然可見的，容易觀察到的
unimpeachable: a.無瑕疵的，無缺點(diǎn)的，完全可靠的
在十八世紀(jì)，女性創(chuàng)作的小說數(shù)量相當(dāng)程度上超過男性創(chuàng)作小說，但女性文學(xué)創(chuàng)作的這種主導(dǎo)地位直到最近僅僅被視作一個(gè)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)事實(shí)，一點(diǎn)小小的秘密知識(shí)，只為文獻(xiàn)目錄學(xué)家所注意。
5、All ------- biological traits fall into one of two categories: those giving their possessors greater ------- the environment and those rendering them more independent of it.
A, widespread.. detachment from
B, beneficial.. control over
C, successful.. freedom from
D, neutral.. compatibility with
E, harmful.. advantage in
trait: n.特征，特點(diǎn)，特性
category: n.1.種類，類別 2.〔哲〕范疇
render: v.1.使得，使成為 2.給予，提供 3.提出，呈報(bào)
detachment: n.1.分開，分離，脫離 2.超然，公正，不偏不倚
beneficial: a.有益的，有利的，有幫助的
所有有益的生物特征在兩個(gè)類別之間都必居其一：一類生物特征使其擁有者得以在更大程度上控制環(huán)境，另一類則使它們更獨(dú)立于環(huán)境。
6、One of archaeology’s central dilemmas is how to reconstruct the ------- of complex ancient societies from meager and often ------- physical evidence.
A, riddles.. obsolete
B, details.. irrefutable
C, intricacies.. equivocal
D, patterns.. flawless
E, configurations.. explicit
archaeology: n.考古家
dilemma: n.(進(jìn)退兩難的)窘境，困境
reconstruct: v.1.重建，改組，重新構(gòu)成 2.修復(fù) 3.重新描述，使(按原貌)再現(xiàn)
meager: a.粗劣的，貪乏不足的，(作品)枯竭的，缺乏想象力的
obsolete: a.廢棄的，淘汰的，過時(shí)的
irrefutable: a.無可辯駁的，不可否認(rèn)的
intricacy: n.1.錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜，復(fù)雜精細(xì) 2.難以了解，難以理解
equivocal: a.模棱兩可的，含糊的，有多種含義的
flawless: a.1.無裂隙的，無裂痕的 2.無缺點(diǎn)的，無瑕的，完美的
configuration: n.布局，構(gòu)造，外形
考古學(xué)所面臨的一個(gè)主要困境是，如何才能憑藉著貧乏而又經(jīng)常是模棱兩可的物質(zhì)證據(jù)去重新再現(xiàn)錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的古代社會(huì)的諸般復(fù)雜性。
7、Just as the authors’ book on eels is often a key text for courses in marine vertebrate zoology, their ideas on animal development and phylogeny ------- teaching in this area.
A, prevent
B, defy
C, replicate
D, inform