Heat Conduction熱傳導(dǎo)
原文：When a substance is heated, heat is passed from its hotter part to its cooler part. This way of passing heat is called conduction. Metals conduct heat easily. They are good conductors. Non-metals, such as wood, glass and plastic cannot conduct heat easily. They are bad conductors.
翻譯：物質(zhì)受熱時(shí)，熱量從溫度高的地方向溫度低的地方傳遞。這種熱的傳遞方式叫傳導(dǎo)。金屬容易導(dǎo)熱，是良好的導(dǎo)體。非金屬，如木頭、玻璃、塑料，不易導(dǎo)熱，不是良好的導(dǎo)體。
講解：上文中，substance是指物質(zhì)，物質(zhì)也可以用matter來(lái)表示。Conduct是傳遞、傳導(dǎo)的意思，做動(dòng)詞時(shí)重音在后，讀作/ kənˈdʌkt/，conduct的名詞形式是conduction，導(dǎo)體為conductor。導(dǎo)熱，可以說(shuō)heat conduction，也可以用passing heat來(lái)表達(dá)。
Travel of Sound聲音的傳播
原文：Sound is produced when things vibrate, like beating a drum or beating a guitar.Sound has to travel through solid, liquid or air to ears. When the sound is blocked by other things, it become less loud and clear. Sound travels better through liquid that through air. It travels best through solid.
翻譯：聲音是通過(guò)震動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的，例如敲鼓或彈吉他。聲音通過(guò)固體、液體或空氣傳入耳朵。當(dāng)聲音被其他物質(zhì)阻擋時(shí)，聲音會(huì)變小、變得不清晰。聲音在液體中傳播比在氣體中傳播快，在固體中傳播最快。
講解：travel除了指旅行，也可以表示傳播，例如travel of sound聲音的傳播, travel of light光的傳播。第一句sound is produced when things vibrate是一個(gè)被動(dòng)句，由be produced構(gòu)成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu);這句話中，vibrate的意思是震動(dòng)。這段中三個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞為solid固體，liquid液體和air空氣。
Refraction of light光的折射
原文：Air, water and glass can let light pass through. They are called medium. When light passes from one medium to another, such as from water to air, its direction changes. This is called the refraction of light. The words under thick glass look higher up. The chopstick dipped into water looks bent. The rainbow looks curved. These are some examples of light refraction.
翻譯：空氣、水和玻璃可以使光通過(guò)，他們叫做介質(zhì)。當(dāng)光從一種介質(zhì)傳播到另一種介質(zhì)，例如從水射入空氣，方向會(huì)發(fā)生變化，這一現(xiàn)象叫光的折射。厚玻璃下面的字看起來(lái)更高。浸入水中的筷子看起來(lái)彎曲。彩虹是彎的。這些都是光的折射。
講解：medium是介質(zhì)的意思，介質(zhì)是指能夠傳播能量的載體。Dip，浸蘸。Curve用作名詞是曲線的意思，curved為形容詞，彎曲的。
以上一些例子中，句子大多為簡(jiǎn)單句，語(yǔ)言并不算難。我們可以看到，一些常見(jiàn)的詞匯，例如medium媒介，在物理學(xué)科中就成為了專有名詞。如果有相關(guān)的物理背景知識(shí)，還是很好理解的。有很多我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪姓J(rèn)識(shí)的詞匯，在科學(xué)背景的材料中似乎就變得難以理解了。這是因?yàn)槲覀兦啡毕嚓P(guān)的專業(yè)知識(shí)，不知道這個(gè)詞在這樣的語(yǔ)境下是什么意思。為了避免這種情況，需要多積累廣泛的背景知識(shí)，并在學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)候充分調(diào)動(dòng)起來(lái)。
力force
速度velocity
熱heat
溫度temperature
固體solid
液體liquid
氣體gas
晶體crystal
熔點(diǎn)melting point
凝固點(diǎn)solidifying point
汽化vaporization
蒸發(fā)evaporation
沸騰boiling
液化liquefaction
升華sublimation
凝華condensation
熱傳遞heat transfer
熱傳導(dǎo)heat conduction
熱對(duì)流heat convection
熱輻射heat radiation
吸收absorb(v.)
放出release(v.)
玻璃glass
磁體magnet
燈泡light bulb
試管test tube
漏斗filter funnel
燒杯 beaker
量杯 graduated cylinder
重力gravity
浮力buoyancy force
電electricity
正極positive plate
負(fù)極negative plate
電壓voltage
伏特Volt
摩擦起電electrification by friction
電路electric circuit
電源power source
導(dǎo)線wire
電鍵/開(kāi)關(guān)key(switch)
電流electric current