為2015GRE開始拼搏的你怎少得了一些掌握閱讀的高級(jí)技巧，小編在此對(duì)一些實(shí)用的閱讀訓(xùn)練技巧進(jìn)行總結(jié)，必能助你一臂之力。
技巧一：永遠(yuǎn)讀句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系
GRE的一個(gè)段落其實(shí)就是一道邏輯單題無限擴(kuò)充出來的段落，你需要知道里面哪些是Premise, 哪些是counter-example/statement，哪些是conclusion。
一個(gè)最簡(jiǎn)單的例子，依然是1999年GRE Section 2：
At the same time that Gilpin’s interest in landscape work distinguished her from most other women photographers, her approach to landscape photography set her apart from men photographers who, like Gilpin, documented the western United States. Western American landscape photography grew out of a male tradition, pioneered by photographers attached to government and commercial survey teams that went west in the 1860’s and 1870’s. These explorer- photographers documented the West that their employers wanted to see: an exotic and majestic land shaped by awesome natural forces, unpopulated and ready for American settlement. The next generation of male photographers, represented by Ansel Adams and Eliot Porter, often worked with conservationist groups rather than government agencies or commercial companies, but they nonetheless preserved the “heroic” style and maintained the role of respectful outsider peering in with reverence at a fragile natural world.
小編估計(jì)第一句話就可以考到很多：
At the same time that Gilpin’s interest in landscape work distinguished her from most other women photographers, her approach to landscape photography set her apart from men photographers who, like Gilpin, documented the western United States.
這句話第一個(gè)逗號(hào)直接將兩個(gè)部分分隔，分別講述了G與女?dāng)z影師和男攝影師的區(qū)別。下一句緊接男性作家的一些特點(diǎn)，并在文中出現(xiàn)了幾個(gè)名字Ansel和Eliot，于是這段可以出很多infer題， G和大多數(shù)女?dāng)z影師的區(qū)別是什么?G和男攝影師的區(qū)別是什么?
Eg:
Some scientists say that global warming will occur because people are releasing large amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere by burning trees and fossil fuels. We can see, though, that the predicted warming is occurring already. In the middle of last winter, we had a month of springlike weather in our area, and this fall, because of unusually mild temperatures, the leaves on our town's trees were three weeks late in turning color.
這是最典型的GRE閱讀寫作手法， Some people claim/assert/argue/suggest……你知道下一句話一定是轉(zhuǎn)折，這個(gè)some people在這里就是充當(dāng)counter-statement。因此，在做閱讀的時(shí)候，永遠(yuǎn)都讀句子的邏輯關(guān)系。
技巧二：認(rèn)真仔細(xì)的一個(gè)單詞一個(gè)單詞地讀
你可以按照長(zhǎng)難句的意群讀，也可以整個(gè)句子讀，但是請(qǐng)你務(wù)必把所有的單詞都讀了。很有可能某一個(gè)單詞就是一道考題，對(duì)于作者態(tài)度題這個(gè)技巧尤其重要。
Eg:
Despite these dire predictions, and even though the current African drought has lasted longer than any other in this century, the notion that the drought is caused by cooling of the Northern Hemisphere is, in fact, not well supported.
通過這個(gè)Dire你一下就可以看出作者的態(tài)度——cautious skepticism，于是這成了一道送分題。
技巧三：永遠(yuǎn)排除法做題
在《愛一個(gè)美女好難》里面作者強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)1600分的選手永遠(yuǎn)選正確答案，很不幸的是這個(gè)方法幾乎已經(jīng)無效了。隨著GRE閱讀出題陷阱越來越多，很難保證你看到的“正確答案”就是正確的。很有可能B跟E比，E更正確，但是你連看都沒看E。針對(duì)錯(cuò)誤類型主要有幾大類：
�、貽ut of Scope，這個(gè)在多選題里非常常見
Eg:
Galileo stuck lenses onto either of an organ pipe; today’s research telescopes, while considerably more elaborate, still perform the same fundamental task of collecting and focusing light. It’s all astronomers have to go on: electromagnetic radiation from distant objects, whether it arrives in the form of X rays or visible light or radio waves. Scientists rely, for instance, on spectroscopy, the process of separating light emitted by an object in space into its opponent wavelengths, as a prism does, then analyzing those components. And they invent new tools to analyze the light. To probe deeper and deeper into space, scientist must design better and better detectors, sensitive to the faintest of emissions.
It can be inferred from the passage that spectroscopy
A.Insufficient to describe the contours of objects in space.
B.interprets information from distance objects
C.does rely on light emissions as well as other components.
A就是一個(gè)out of scope選項(xiàng)。 Insufficient? Contour of objects? 文章中只出現(xiàn)了light，排除掉。
答案 BC
�、贠ne word wrong
�、跜ontradiction
④True but irrelevant
�、軹oo extreme
技巧四：善于總結(jié)錯(cuò)題
總結(jié)錯(cuò)題我的建議依然是Blind Review。
Blind Review的意思是
1)100%確定為什么你選擇了某個(gè)答案(原因)
確定你為什么選擇某一個(gè)選項(xiàng)，原文Line多少可以找到Back Up
2)100%確定為什么你排除了某個(gè)答案(錯(cuò)誤類型)
確定你為什么排除掉其他的選項(xiàng)，也就是那五個(gè)錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。 Dig into wrong answers。
3)當(dāng)你的答案是錯(cuò)的時(shí)候，不要標(biāo)出正確答案，重做一遍并計(jì)時(shí)這一遍做的時(shí)候問自己兩個(gè)問題
- What about the right answer made me think it was wrong?
- What about the wrong answer made me think it was right?
拿個(gè)記事本(電腦上word也可以)寫下來自己當(dāng)時(shí)選擇這個(gè)選項(xiàng)的原因，在排除掉一個(gè)選項(xiàng)后第二遍看看你能不能做對(duì)。而這次選擇新的選項(xiàng)的原因是什么?在原文找到依據(jù)。對(duì)于填空便是便是找到依據(jù)，確定句子轉(zhuǎn)折遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。閱讀便是定位改寫和全文理解。
4)對(duì)于不能100%確定的題目，不能100%確定排出的選項(xiàng)，標(biāo)記，重做直到明白為止。
5)把錯(cuò)誤原因?qū)懗鰜�，為什么�?dāng)時(shí)選了這個(gè)選項(xiàng)，原因是什么?回去做題時(shí)候標(biāo)出原文行數(shù)，指出這里那里理解錯(cuò)了。
技巧五：Look for certainty
時(shí)刻關(guān)注一些修飾程度的詞： some/most/all/never/always等等，這些題都是infer題的來源，大都數(shù)錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)也都集中在這些詞里.
技巧六：終極技巧——Pre-phrase
這應(yīng)該是GRE閱讀的最終極技巧了，了解文章整體內(nèi)容以后做題時(shí)不看選項(xiàng)，直接自己在腦子里想出自己的理解。
Eg：1997年4月GRE國(guó)內(nèi)題 Section 4
Allen and Wolkowitz's research challenges the common claim that homework-waged labor performed at home for a company is primarily a response to women workers' needs and preferences. By focusing on a limited geographical area in order to gather in-depth information, the authors have avoided the methodological pitfalls that have plagued earlier research on homework. Their findings disprove accepted notions about homeworkers: that they are unqualified for other jobs and that they use homework as a short-term strategy for dealing with child care.
The authors conclude that the persistence of homework cannot be explained by appeal to such notions, for, in fact, homeworkers do not differ sharply from other employed women. Most homeworkers would prefer to work outside the home but are constrained from doing so by lack of employers' desires to minimize fixed costs: homeworkers receive no benefits and are paid less than regular employees.
1. According to the passage, which of the following has been generally believed about homework?
(A) the benefits of homework accrue primarily to employers rather than to homeworkers.
(B) Homework is prevalent predominantly in rural areas.
(C) Homework is primarily a response to the preferences of women workers.
(D) Few homeworkers rely on homework for the majority of their family income.
(E) Most homework is seasonal and part-time rather than full-time and year-round.
這道題讀完就應(yīng)該知道答案在第一句話，也就是A&W challenge a conventional belief，而這個(gè)belief就是primarily a response to women workers' needs and preferences，于是帶著這個(gè)pre-phrase去看答案，ABDE立刻排除掉，只有C正確。
2. The passage suggests which of the following about previous research on homework?
(A) It was conducted primarily with women who did not have extensive household responsibilities or care for small children at home.
(B) It was conducted with homeworkers and companies over a large geographical area.
(C) It indicated that women homeworkers had numerous opportunities to work outside the home.
(D) It indicated that homeworkers usually work for companies that are close to their homes.
(E) It indicated that homework was financially advantageous to large companies.
這道題讀完題應(yīng)該知道這是第二句話，也就是A&W avoid a pitfall，A&W的方法是on a limited geographical area in order to gather in-depth information。那么以前的研究應(yīng)該是與A&W方法對(duì)立，或者對(duì)on a limited geographical area in order to gather in-depth information這句話取反。能選的只有B。
技巧七：通過不斷地練習(xí)使你能夠?qū)逎腉RE文章和無聊的話題提起興趣
通過不斷閱讀積累材料，對(duì)于你不熟悉的領(lǐng)域逐漸消除不畏懼;通過長(zhǎng)難句你可以把那些復(fù)雜的句子用自己的話講出來。這也是練習(xí)GRE閱讀最最重要的幾個(gè)技能。對(duì)于GRE閱讀的最高境界小編認(rèn)為是你讀完一篇文章做完題后應(yīng)該能夠熟悉到可以給別人講這篇文章內(nèi)容并且分析。
技巧八：對(duì)于讀不懂的文章讀兩遍
很多人會(huì)說，這樣不是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間嗎，Well maybe, it depends.如果你讀不懂做題也是徒勞，不如用原文定位的時(shí)間再去讀一遍。在練習(xí)階段如果遇到讀不懂的你不妨去試試。隨著你的閱讀量上去，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己對(duì)文章的把握會(huì)越來越精準(zhǔn)，以后一遍就能讀懂。
技巧九：練習(xí)自己的節(jié)奏
GRE閱讀做到最后就是關(guān)于疲勞度，耐性和節(jié)奏的問題，你在練習(xí)的這段時(shí)間要隨時(shí)記錄這些考場(chǎng)上會(huì)影響你的因素。
技巧十：速度是在正確率和熟悉程度提升以后自然而然提升的
有很多版友一味的追求速度，這是非常致命的錯(cuò)誤。在GRE閱讀里面跳讀略讀等于自殺。所謂的速度是你在正確率穩(wěn)定以后，隨著閱讀技巧和對(duì)錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的理解的加深而提升的。因此我的建議是先關(guān)注正確率，然后慢慢開始計(jì)時(shí)。Blind Review階段也計(jì)時(shí)，從而最終達(dá)到長(zhǎng)文章6分鐘做完題，短文章4分鐘。這樣你最終考試階段會(huì)有足夠多的時(shí)間可以檢查并且推敲一些拿不準(zhǔn)的選項(xiàng)。
技巧十一：Justify every words in answer choices
這也是一個(gè)需要注意的技巧。一個(gè)具有迷惑性的錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)都是經(jīng)過加工改造的，你需要對(duì)答案里出現(xiàn)的每一個(gè)單詞都能在原文里找到依據(jù)并且做到100%確定為什么這個(gè)答案是錯(cuò)誤的。
做完這一步另一個(gè)重要的步驟，深入研究為什么這個(gè)選項(xiàng)是錯(cuò)的(也就是為什么這是一個(gè)Great wrong answer)分析之后你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)出題人的一些伎倆，避開這些陷進(jìn)，你就會(huì)順利跨入高分行列。
技巧分享到此，大家能夠掌握幾分也要看各自的修行程度了，想要進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)化訓(xùn)練，小編在此預(yù)祝各位GRE閱讀取得好成績(jī)!