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考研英語長難句(優(yōu)選)
考研英語長難句1
考研英語長難句拆分信號:
1、標點符號:比如,2個逗號形成插入語,破折號表示解釋說明,分號相當于“and”表示并列;
2、連詞:并列句的并列連詞and、or、but、yet、for等,從句的從屬連詞which、that、when、how、if等;
3、介詞:介詞引導介詞短語,介詞短語在句子中可充當定語、狀語等修飾成分;
4、不定式符號to:不定式符號to引導不定式短語,在句子中除了可以充當主語、賓語、表語、補語等主干成分外,還可做定語、狀語等修飾成分;
5、分詞:分詞包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞,在句子中可充當定語和狀語修飾成分。
下面我們就按照長難句拆分原則,依照這些拆分信號,結(jié)合考研英語閱讀或翻譯真題中的長難句進行實戰(zhàn)演練一下吧!
1、{C}This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.
(1)句子拆分
拆分點:從屬連詞、介詞、標點符號
This trend began∥during the Second World War,∥when several governments came to the conclusion∥that the specific demands∥that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen∥in detail.
(2)句子結(jié)構(gòu)
找謂語動詞(began, came, wants, cannot be foreseen);
↓
找連詞(when, that, that)
↓
前面沒有從屬連詞的動詞即為主句的謂語動詞
↓
確定主從句
主句:This trend began during the Second World War;
從句:定語從句when several governments came to the conclusion修飾the Second World War,本從句嵌套著一個二級從句即同位語從句that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail修飾conclusion和一個三級從句that引導的定語從句that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment修飾demands。
(3)解析
during the Second World War介詞短語做狀語;when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail做定語修飾the Second World War;that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail同位語從句修飾conclusion;that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment修飾demands。
(4)本句的參考譯文
這種趨勢始于第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間,當時一些國家的政府得出結(jié)論:政府向科研機構(gòu)提出的.要求通常是無法詳盡預見的。
總之,只要考生對句子結(jié)構(gòu)有個透徹的理解,弄清句子的各個成分,并可以借助連詞、介詞、非謂語動詞等手段把句子由簡單變得復雜,由復雜變得簡單,這樣句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析技能提高了,長難句也就攻克了,對于考研閱讀和翻譯的理解也就簡單了。
考研英語長難句2
The true enemies of science, argues Paul Ehrlich of Stanford University, a pioneer of environmental studies, are those who question the evidence supporting global warming, the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth.
譯文:作為環(huán)境研究的先驅(qū)者,斯坦福大學的Paul Ehrlich認為,科學的真正的敵人是那些對全球變暖、臭氧層稀薄和工業(yè)發(fā)展帶來的其他后果表示懷疑的人。
分析:這個句子主語和謂語成了類似插入語的成分,插在了句子中間,表明的是發(fā)表這個觀點的是什么人(姓名與身份)。而該句的主要內(nèi)容在于argue所跟的賓語從句。這個賓語從句中的賓語those有一個who引導的較長的定語從句,其中who是主語,question是謂語,the evidence是賓語,賓語后面跟的現(xiàn)在分詞短語修飾的是evidence,這個現(xiàn)在分詞supporting后面跟了三個并列賓語。
【詞匯指南】
摘自《十天搞定考研詞匯》(王江濤、劉文濤)
Stanford University 美國斯坦福大學
environmental [in,vairn'mentl](adj.)環(huán)境的;有關(guān)環(huán)境(保護)的(CET-6、考研詞匯)(20xx年-閱讀3)(al-形容詞后綴)
考點搭配:be environmentally sound 無害環(huán)境的(20xx年-閱讀2)
question['kwestn](n.)問題,疑問(v.)詢問,探問;質(zhì)疑(中考詞匯)(20xx年-閱讀2、20xx年-閱讀2、20xx年-閱讀4)
1個派生詞:
● questionable ['kwestnbl](adj.)可疑的,不可靠的;成問題的(CET-6、考研詞匯)(20xx年-閱讀1)(question-問題,疑問,able-可以的 → 可疑的,不可靠的;成問題的)
support [s'p:t](vt.)支撐;支持,擁護;供養(yǎng)(高考詞匯)(20xx年-閱讀1、20xx年-閱讀4)(sup-下,port-詞根,拿來 → 從“下面”拿住、保持住——即“支撐”,引申為“支持,擁護;供養(yǎng)”。因為“供養(yǎng)”說白了就是“支撐”、養(yǎng)活家庭。近義詞:sustain)
考點搭配:receive support from 獲得…的支持(20xx年-閱讀1)
1個派生詞:
● supportive [s'p:tiv](adj.)支撐的.;支持的(20xx年-閱讀3、20xx年-閱讀2、20xx年-閱讀2、20xx年-閱讀3、20xx年-閱讀4)
考點搭配:
supportive adult 提供支持的成年人(20xx年-完型)
be supportive of 支持…(20xx年-閱讀2)
lay [lei](vt.)放置,鋪設(shè);設(shè)置;躺下(中考詞匯)(20xx年-閱讀3)(la=land-土地,地面;y=ify-動詞后綴 → 放在地上——即“放置,鋪設(shè)”,引申為“設(shè)置”和“躺下”。)
考點搭配:get laid off 解雇,下崗(20xx年-閱讀3)(注意,laid是lay的過去式和過去分詞)
industry ['indstri](n.)① 工業(yè);產(chǎn)業(yè),行業(yè) ② 勤奮(中考詞匯)(20xx年-閱讀1、20xx年-閱讀2、20xx年-閱讀4、20xx年-閱讀1、20xx年-閱讀2)(in-向里,dust-灰塵,煙塵,ry-名詞后綴 → 向空氣中排放大量的煙塵——即“工業(yè)”,引申為“產(chǎn)業(yè),行業(yè)”。而該詞之所以還表示“勤奮”,源于工業(yè)社會,人人勤奮,惰者淘汰!)
考點搭配:
auto industry 汽車工業(yè)(20xx年-閱讀3)
data-rich industries 數(shù)據(jù)豐富的行業(yè)(20xx年-閱讀4)
building industry 建筑行業(yè)(20xx年-閱讀3)
1個派生詞:
ɡrow[ɡru](v.)生長,發(fā)育;發(fā)展;成為(中考詞匯)(20xx年-閱讀3)(有學者認為,該詞具有象形色彩。其中,ɡ-花蕊,r-小草,o-太陽,w-水 → 在太陽和雨水的滋潤下,花蕊和小草茁壯“生長”,后引申為“發(fā)展”和“成為”。)
考點搭配:
slow-growing animals 生長緩慢的動物(20xx年-閱讀3)
a growing number of越來越多的(20xx年-閱讀3)
1個派生詞:
●ɡrowth [ɡruθ](n.)生長,發(fā)育;增長,發(fā)展(高考詞匯)(20xx年-閱讀3)(該詞是ɡrow的名詞形式,th-名詞后綴)
考研英語長難句3
The study shows that nearly half the organizations featured in the Times Top 100 Graduates Employers plan to expand their graduate programs this year, increasing the total number of vacancies available for new graduates by more than 10 percent compared with 20xx recruitment levels.
【核心詞匯】graduate a.畢業(yè)生 v.畢業(yè) vacancy n.空缺,空位 recruitment n.補充,征募新兵 compared with與……相比
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句是復合句。主干是主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu),其中謂語shows的賓語由that引導的名詞性從句that nearly half the organizations featured in the Times Top 100 Graduates Employers plan to expand their graduate programs this year充當,F(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)increasing the total number of vacancies available for new graduates by more than 10 percent compared with 20xx recruitment levels作狀語從句,可以理解為結(jié)果狀語,by表示增加的幅度。句末的過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)compared with 20xx recruitment levels作比較狀語。
【參考譯文】研究表明,《時代》重點介紹的排名前100名的畢業(yè)生雇主單位中有將近一半計劃今年將擴大畢業(yè)生招生規(guī)模,為新的.畢業(yè)生增加利用的空缺職位數(shù)量,這個數(shù)量與20xx年的招募水平相比,會增加10%以上。
考研英語長難句4
Besides, this is unlikely to produce the needed number of every kind of professional in a country as large as ours and where the economy is spread over so many states and involves so many international corporations.
【核心詞匯】
involve v.涉及,卷入
professional n. 專業(yè)人員a.專業(yè)的,職業(yè)的
spread v.伸展,延展
corporation n.企業(yè),社團,公司
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】
本句主干是 this is unlikely to produce the needed number of every kind of professional,這里的主語this指的是文章中的professional training,接著的地點狀語in a country,其中country后面帶了兩個定語,前一個是形容詞性的短語as large as ours,后一個是where引導的定語從句where the economy is spread over so many states and involves so many international corporations,而這個從句的主語the economy有兩個謂語動詞is和involves,后面都用了相似的結(jié)構(gòu)so many,表示強調(diào)。
【參考譯文】
此外,在我們這么大的.一個國家里,經(jīng)濟延展到這么多的州,涉及這么多的國際公司,因而要培養(yǎng)出所需數(shù)量的各類專業(yè)人員是不太可能的。
考研英語長難句5
對于考研的同學來說,考研英語的準備似乎要更提前一點,要想取得一個好成績。光靠考前的突擊是不夠的,需要平時一點一滴的積累。本文為廣大考生整理20xx考研英語3大長難句技巧,更多考研英語一和英語二的區(qū)別、考研英語題型大綱及重點詞匯等備考資料,歡迎訪問北京研究生招生信息網(wǎng)。
應對長難句的方法是化長為短,分層理解。首先,拋開句子的修飾部分或附加成分,找出句子的主干部分,并理解其意義。然后,分析句子的修飾成分或附加成分,觀察其內(nèi)容結(jié)構(gòu),弄清各成分之間的邏輯關(guān)系,理解其意思。最后,將主干內(nèi)容與各修飾成分結(jié)合在一起,從整體上理解句子。
根據(jù)對歷年真題閱讀理解A節(jié)中長難句的研究,我們按照其突出的語法現(xiàn)象歸為并列句、名詞從句、定語從句、狀語從句、非謂語動詞、插入語、倒裝、其他特殊句式等八個類型,其中其他特殊句式還包括存在句、強調(diào)句、with結(jié)構(gòu)、省略句和the... the...結(jié)構(gòu)。
下面將基于這個分類進行講解,以幫助考生找到突破閱讀文章中長難句的門徑。
1、并列句
并列句指在語意上對等的兩個或兩個以上的、由連接詞連接起來的分句。并列句內(nèi)各分句之間可構(gòu)成同等、條件、因果、結(jié)果、轉(zhuǎn)折、對比和讓步等關(guān)系。連接詞通常有and,but,or,while,yet,however,so,therefore,for等。因此,對于這類句子,首先要找到連接詞,同時弄清各分句之間是什么關(guān)系,然后根據(jù)語境和句際關(guān)系正確理解句意。例如:
【20xx年Text 4】Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn't have had kids, but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping,baby-size holes in their lives.
感覺不幸福的父母們很少會反思自己是否不該養(yǎng)孩子,但那些不幸福的沒有孩子的夫婦們卻總是受到類似言論的困擾:孩子是世界上最重要的東西,他們之所以生活得不幸福,顯然是由這種沒有孩子的缺憾造成的。(but連接的并列句,表示轉(zhuǎn)折;后一分句中又包含由冒號隔開的兩個分句,后句對前句進行解釋說明)
2、名詞從句
名詞從句可分為主語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句和表語從句四種,它們在句中起名詞的作用。對于這類句子,在閱讀時可先不理會從句的內(nèi)容,只將其視為一個名詞,在確定主句的主干部分(即主、謂、賓結(jié)構(gòu))之后,再來確定這一層次的內(nèi)容。
【20xx年Text 1】l However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, orwhether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.
然而,這種公平意識是獨立地從人或卷尾猴身上進化而來的,還是源于二者3500萬年前共同的祖先,目前還不得而知。(whether引導的兩個并列主語從句作句子的主語)
【20xx年Text 4】l But it's interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood aren't in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience, in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting "the Rachel" might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.
但是,我們每周看到的那些無憂無慮的'、幸福感越來越強的父母形象,是不是在以一種不明顯的、無意識的方式不讓我們對養(yǎng)育孩子的實際情形感到不滿,就像我們中的少數(shù)人希望剪個瑞秋式的發(fā)型可能會使我們看起來有一點兒像珍妮弗o安妮斯頓一樣,想想這些,確實非常有趣。(if引導的賓語從句作動詞wonder的賓語)
【20xx年Text 3】l The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more(and more diverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways.
同樣劇烈的技術(shù)變革為營銷人員提供了更多的且不同的通訊選擇,同時也增加了風險,因為情緒激動的消費者會以更快、更明顯和更具破壞性的方式表達他們的意見。(that引導的同位語從句作the risk的同位語)
【20xx年Text 2】l What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain's roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented-and human perception far more complicated-than previously imagined.
在試圖模擬人類思維的過程中,研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),人腦中約一千億個神經(jīng)細胞遠比以前想象的聰明,人類的感知方式也遠比想象中的復雜。(what引導的主語從句在句中作主語,that引導的表語從句在句中作表語)
3、定語從句
定語從句可分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句對先行詞起限定作用,與主句關(guān)系緊密,是主句不可缺少的部分,它與主句之間通常不用逗號分隔。而非限制性定語從句與先行詞的關(guān)系不十分緊密,只是對先行詞進行說明、描述或解釋,或?qū)φ麄主句陳述的事實和現(xiàn)象加以概括或補充說明,其前有逗號。對于這類句子,要先借助關(guān)系詞分清主次部分,由于其起修飾限定作用,在閱讀時,可先將其忽略,弄懂主干意思之后,再來對付從句部分。
(1)限制性定語從句
【20xx年Text 3】l In fact, the way consumers now approach the process of making purchase decisionsmeans that marketing's impact stems from a broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.
如今消費者對于作出購買決定這一過程的處理方式,意味著市場營銷的影響力來自于傳統(tǒng)付費媒介以外的廣泛因素。(省略了that的定語從句修飾先行詞the way)
注意:在the way,the day,the time,the moment,the instance等之后,關(guān)系詞that,when,where或"介詞 + which"常常省略。
【20xx年Text 3】l We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment.
我們將這種售出媒介定義為流量巨大、可以吸引其他機構(gòu)前來投放內(nèi)容或電子商務引擎的自有媒介。(關(guān)系代詞whose引導的定語從句修飾先行詞owned media)
【20xx年Text 2】l Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn't know for sure?
還記得科學家們認為吸煙會致人死亡,而懷疑者們卻堅持認為我們對此尚不能確定的那些年嗎?(關(guān)系副詞when引導的定語從句修飾先行詞all those years)
【20xx年Text 1】l Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performanceare missing the point.
那些忠實的音樂會觀眾反駁說現(xiàn)場演出絕非唱片所能替代,但是他們沒有看到問題的實質(zhì)。(關(guān)系代詞who引導的定語從句修飾先行詞devoted concertgoers)
(2)非限制性定語從句
【20xx年Text 2】l Now the nation's top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business-method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago.
目前,美國國家最高專利法庭似乎已經(jīng)做好了充分準備要縮減商業(yè)方法專利的數(shù)量,而該項專利自十年前首次被授權(quán)以來便飽受爭議。(關(guān)系代詞which引導的非限制性定語從句補充說明先行詞business-method patents)
【20xx年Text 2】l Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it.
其他現(xiàn)存模式是以上三種模式的結(jié)合體,比如延遲開放存取模式,在論文發(fā)表后的頭六個月中雜志只允許其訂閱者閱讀論文,其后才對想閱讀該論文的公眾免費開放。(關(guān)系副詞where引導的非限制性定語從句修飾先行詞delayed open-access)
考研英語長難句6
It is much easier to say “Great idea!” when a terrific solution has been put forward by someone on your team, than it is to take the time to explain why an employee’s favorite brainchild isn’t going anywhere except the circular file.
【核心詞匯】
terrific a.極好的,很棒的
solution n.解決方案,溶液
favorite a.最喜愛的,中意的
put forward提出
brainchild點子,想法
circular file廢紙簍
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】
本句成分復雜。以逗號為切入點,得到一個比較級結(jié)構(gòu)It is much easier to say “Great idea!” ...than...。It是形式主語,前半部分的真正主語由不定式結(jié)構(gòu)to say “Great idea!”...充當,這里包含一個when引導的時間狀語從句when a terrific solution has been put forward by someone on your team,使用了被動語態(tài)的現(xiàn)在完成時,在翻譯時,我們將狀語提前,且化被動為主動。后半部分真正主語為to take the time to explain...,explain后的賓語是why引導的'賓語從句why an employee’s favorite brainchild isn’t going anywhere except the circular file。
【參考譯文】
當團隊中的某個人提出極好的解決方案時,說“好主意”要比花時間解釋為什么一個職員最喜歡的想法最終被拋棄容易得多。
考研英語長難句7
長難句的特點
英語長句一般指的是各種復雜句,復雜句里可能有多個從句,從句與從句之間的關(guān)系可能包孕、嵌套,也可能并列或平行。從功能來說,英語有三大復合句,即:①名詞性從句,包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句;②形容詞性從句,即我們平常所說的定語從句;③狀語從句。
一般說來,英語長句有如下幾個特點:
1、結(jié)構(gòu)復雜,邏輯層次多;
2、常須根據(jù)上下文作詞義的`引申;
3、常須根據(jù)上下文對指代詞的指代關(guān)系做出判斷’
4、并列成分多;
5、修飾語多,特別是后置定語很長。
考研英語長難句分析類別
第一類:復雜修飾成分
句子本不難,但是修飾成分多且長。1、從句(定語、狀語、同位語從句等)修飾;2、介詞短語修飾;3、分詞修飾;4、不定式修飾。經(jīng)常是在同一個句子里既有從句又有介詞短語,且都不止一個。
例:The methods that a community devises to perpetuate itself come into being to preserve aspects of the cultural legacy that community perceives as essential.
分析:主語是The methods,謂語是come into being,that a community devises to perpetuate itself為定語從句,修飾the methods,不定式to表示目的狀語,that community perceives as essential為定語從句,修飾the cultural legacy。
譯文:一個社會設(shè)計出來保存自己的方法得以形成來保持那個社會認為最重要的一些方面。
第二類:大段的插入與或同位語,打斷讀者的思路,割裂前后之間的語義,造成理解的困難。我們稱之為“打岔”。
例:Moreover, I can feel strong emotions in response to objects of art that are interpretations, rather than representations, of reality.
分析:在瀏覽該句時,發(fā)現(xiàn)句子中出現(xiàn)了雙逗號,其中間的內(nèi)容rather than representations為插入語,瀏覽的時候先跳過。這樣就可以看到把that are interpretations 和of reality連接起來了。That引導定語從句,修飾objects of art。
譯文:而且,我從藝術(shù)品上能夠感到強烈的情感。藝術(shù)品是對現(xiàn)實的闡釋,而非代表現(xiàn)實。
第三類:語序調(diào)整或倒裝
為了平衡句子的結(jié)構(gòu)或強調(diào)一些內(nèi)容,通常會人為地對句子進行句序調(diào)整。
例:Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living than in the Far West.
分析:否定副詞nowhere放在句首,所以句子出現(xiàn)部分倒裝。注意:more 與否定詞nowhere一起使用,相當于最高級。dramatize此處的意思是“突出顯示,使…戲劇化”。
譯文:1980年美國的人口普查數(shù)據(jù)表明,沒有哪個地方比美國最西部更能突出顯示美國人想尋找更廣闊的生存空間。
第四類:省略
相對以上三種來講比較簡單,在短句中大家一般都可以看出。
但是如果在長句中出現(xiàn),特別是如果與以上三種之一甚至幾種同時出現(xiàn),也會給同學們帶來很大的困難。
例:That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants and hence the number of gene copies transmitted.
分析:該例句中which引導的定語從句修飾sex ratio,由于謂語句子主干較短,所以進行了后置。另外,and并列的后半句省略了主謂語that sex ratio maximizes。正常語序:That sex ratio which maximizes the number of descendants will be favored and hence the number of gene copies transmitted.
作為一名英專汪,我也覺得長難句真的是如其名,又長又難,所以大家還是要多花些功夫。
考研英語長難句8
1998年真題Section III Reading Comprehension Text2第2段 第5句
There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says, a "disjunction" between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics.
譯文:正如財政部長Robert Rubin所說的,生產(chǎn)力發(fā)生飛躍的商業(yè)傳奇與統(tǒng)計數(shù)字所反映的情況之間存在著一種“脫節(jié)”。
分析:理解這個句子先要找出它的核心句:There is a "disjunction" between the mass and the picture,中間的人名及其職位可以當作插入語。between后面的名詞帶有一個that引導的.定語從句,修飾的是business anecdote,that在這個從句中充當?shù)氖侵髡Z;and后面的名詞the picture后面跟的是過去分詞reflected,表示的是一種被動關(guān)系。
【詞匯指南】
摘自《十天搞定考研詞匯》(王江濤、劉文濤)
secret ['si:krit](adj./n.)秘密(的),機密(的)(中考詞匯)(20xx年-閱讀1)(se-分開,分離,cr=cover-遮蓋,覆蓋,et=ed-的 → 單獨分離出來的、妥善“遮蓋”起來的——即“秘密(的),機密(的)”。)
say [sei](v.)說,講(中考詞匯)(20xx年-閱讀2)
考點搭配:an old sayinɡ has it that 古語有云(20xx年-閱讀2)
mass [ms](n.)眾多,大量;團,塊,堆;大眾(adj.)大量的,大規(guī)模的;大眾的(高考詞匯)(20xx年-閱讀1、20xx年-閱讀4)
考點搭配:
mass media 大眾傳播媒體,海量媒體數(shù)據(jù);新聞界(20xx年-閱讀1、20xx年-閱讀4)
mass communication 大眾傳播(20xx年-閱讀4)
mass-produced clothing 批量生產(chǎn)的服裝(20xx年-閱讀1)
1個派生詞:
● massive ['msiv](adj.)大而重的,厚實的,粗大的;大規(guī)模的(CET-6、考研詞匯)(20xx年-閱讀3、20xx年-閱讀4、20xx年-閱讀1)(ive-的)
考點搭配:massive amounts of sth. 大量的某物(20xx年-閱讀1)
anecdote['nik,dut](n.)軼事,趣聞(CET-6、考研詞匯)(an-否定,ec=ex-向外,出去,dot=dit-詞根,說,講,e-尾綴 → 不是正式向外公布的、而是私下里傳說的小道消息——即“軼事,趣聞”。當然,我們也可以用諧音“艾尼克逗她”來速記該詞→ 艾尼克逗她,給她講“趣聞”。)
1個派生詞:
● anecdotal ['nek,dutl](adj.)軼事的,趣聞的(超綱詞匯)(20xx年-閱讀3)(al-的)
picture['pikt](n.)畫,畫像;圖片;照片(中考詞匯)(20xx年-完型)(pict=paint-繪畫,ure-名詞后綴 → 畫,畫像——引申為“圖片、照片”。)
reflect [ri'flekt](v.)反射;反映;反省(CET-4)(20xx年-閱讀3、20xx年-閱讀4、20xx年-閱讀2)(re-回,反,flect-詞根,折疊 → (光線等)往回折疊、往回折返——即“反射”,引申為“反映;反省”。)
考點搭配:reflect on 思考,思索(20xx年-閱讀2)
statistics [st'tistiks](n.)統(tǒng)計(學);統(tǒng)計數(shù)字,統(tǒng)計資料(CET-6、考研詞匯)(20xx年-閱讀1)(stati=state-國家,ist-表人,ics-…學 → 有關(guān)“國家”人口的統(tǒng)計之學——即“統(tǒng)計(學)”,引申為“統(tǒng)計數(shù)字,統(tǒng)計資料”。)
考研英語長難句9
The energy used to separate oxygen from air before burning is almost as great as that needed to filter out nitrogen afterwards, leading to a similar loss of efficiency.
【核心詞匯】
separate v.使分離,使分開
filter v.過濾,滲透
efficiency n.效率,效能
lead to 導致
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】
本句是主系表結(jié)構(gòu),主干是The energy used to separate oxygen from air before burning is almost as great as that needed to filter out nitrogen afterwards,使用了as...as...結(jié)構(gòu),其中被比較的對象that needed to filter out nitrogen afterwards中,that指代上文的`energy,過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)needed to...作后置定語體現(xiàn)被動。其中主語energy由過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)used to separate oxygen from air before burning作后置定語體現(xiàn)被動;句末的現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)leading to a similar loss of efficiency做全句的結(jié)果狀語。
【參考譯文】
燃燒前將氧氣從空氣中分離所需要的能源幾乎與隨后將氮氣過濾所需的耗費一樣多,這就使得兩者在效率損失上不相上下。
考研英語長難句10
( 20xx年真題Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension Part A Text 2第2段 第2句)
The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us
主語 系動詞 表語 后置定語1 后置定語2 后置定語3
that the Earth’s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made.
賓語從句1 連詞 賓語從句2
譯文:最近一次,是白宮召集的美國國家科學院的專家組告訴人們,地球的大氣層確實在變暖,而這一問題主要是人類造成的.。
分析:該句中含有很多后置定語,需要在理解的時候找到句子主干,并認清定語成分。該句的主干為The latest was a panel…,表語panel 后面有三個后置定語,包括由介詞from和過去分詞enlisted引導的結(jié)構(gòu),以及不定式to tell us…。其中不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中含有兩個并列的賓語從句,由and連接,分別為that the Earth’s atmosphere is definitely warming和that the problem is largely man-made。
【詞匯解析】
panel ['pnl](n.)面板;控制板,儀表盤;座談小組,專門小組(CET-4)(20xx年-閱讀2、20xx年-閱讀2)(pan=plane-平面,el-后綴 → 面板——引申為“控制板,儀表盤”。而該詞之所以還表示“座談小組”,是因為“座談小組”在開會時都是圍坐在一張圓桌前。)
enlist [inlist](v.)征募,入伍;謀取,贏得(支持等)(超綱詞匯)(20xx年-閱讀2)(en=in-向里,進入,list-單子 → 把名字寫入單子里面——即“入伍,招募”,引申為“謀取,贏得(支持等)”;因為“謀取支持”的過程,就是“招募”支持者的過程。)
考研英語長難句11
1、Instead, we are treated to fine hypocriticalspectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radicalbooks who takes his meals in three star restaurants; the journalist advocatingparticipatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolledin private schools.
[譯文] 相反,我們目睹了比以前任何時候都多的虛偽景觀:美國物欲主義批評家在南安普頓擁有一幢避暑別墅,激進圖書的出版商在三星級餐館就餐,倡導終生參與民主制的新聞記者把自己的子女送進私立學校。
[分析] 本句的主句是 we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles。非限定性的定語從句 (which now more than ever seem in ample supply)修飾 spectacles。冒號后面的成分是三個并列的名詞性短語,其核心詞分別是critic,publisher 和 journalist。spectacles 在文中意為“壯觀景象”,有一定的反諷意味。
2、This does not mean thatambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings,but only that, no longer openly honored, it is less openly professed.
[譯文] 這并不意味著抱負已經(jīng)窮途末路,人們不再感覺到它對人們的激勵了;而只是說明人們不再公開地以它為榮,更不愿公開地坦承了。
[分析] 這是一個簡單句,主干是 this does not mean,后面接了三個并列的 that 從句作 mean 的賓語。在第三個賓語從句中,it 指代 ambition,no longer openly honored 是插入語,作該從句的狀語。that people no longer feel its stirrings andpromptings 意思是 that people are no longer stirred and promptedby ambition。
3、The attacks on ambition aremany and come from various angles; its public defenders are few andunimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive.
[譯文] 對抱負的攻擊非常之多,而且觀點不盡相同;公開為之辯解的則少之又少,而且并不為人注意,盡管他們并非一點吸引力也沒有。
[分析] 此句是用分號隔開的兩個并列句,后面的一個分句中有一個 where 引導的定語從句,從整體上來修飾 its public defenders,只不過先行詞用了 where。
4、Theastonishing distrust of the news media isn' t rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorialskills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and theirreaders.
[譯文] 對新聞媒介這種令人震驚的不信任,其根源并非是報道失實或低下的報道技巧,而是記者與讀者的世界觀每天都發(fā)生著碰撞。
[分析] 本句的主干是一個 not…but… 結(jié)構(gòu)。注意這個結(jié)構(gòu)引導的是兩個方式狀語。其核心詞分別是inaccuracy 和 the daily clash。本句的'主干是 The astonishing distrust of the news media isn' t rooted。 兩個分詞短語充當句子的狀語。
5、Luckily , if the doormat orstove failed to warn of coming disaster , a successful lawsuit might compensateyou for your troubles. Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s, whenjuries began holding more companies liable for their customers' misfortunes.
[譯文] 幸好,如果門墊和爐子忘了提醒你可能的危險,一切成功的訴訟就會賠償人的損失。大約從20 世紀 80 年代初開始,陪審員開始越來越多的裁定公司必須為其顧客的不幸負責。
[分析] 句子本身并不復雜, 兩個句子表達了人們的想法。在第一個句子中, if the doormat or stove failed to warn of coming disaster 是指門墊或爐灶沒有警示語。在第二個句子中,or so the thinking has gone 是一個倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),正常的語序應該是 orthe thinking has gone so(或者說人們是這么想的)。
考研英語長難句12
Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.
【核心詞匯】
convince v.使確信,使信服
injurious a.有害的
intellect n.智力,知識分子
character n.品質(zhì),特征
taste n.味道,品味
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】主干是Darwin was convinced that ,賓語從句是一個由not only...but 連接的并列句,且but之后是由and連接的'有一個并列句,and后省略了部分成分,補全應該是“might more probably be injurious to the moral character”。
【參考譯文】達爾文認為,失去這些品味,不僅失去了幸福,還可能損傷智力,甚至更可能對道德品質(zhì)有害。
考研英語長難句13
為幫助各位考生更好的復習,下面是為大家介紹考研經(jīng)典長難句分解。
1.Over the past few years one of thebiggest questions in climate science has beenwhy, since the turn of the century, averagesurface-air temperatures on Earth have notrisen, even though the concentration in theatmosphere of heat-trapping carbon dioxide hascontinued to go up.
參考譯文:在過去的幾年中,氣候科學中最大的問題就在于,為什么,自從本世紀以來,即使大氣中吸熱的二氧化碳氣體聚集的越來越多,地球表面平均的氣溫也沒有上升。
2.This“pause” in global warming has been seized on by those skeptical thathumanity needs to act on to curb greenhouse-gas emissions or even (in the case ofsome extreme sceptics) who think that man-made global warming itself is a fantasy.
詞匯突破:seized on 抓住(并利用);
those skeptical that +句子:這種用法在傳統(tǒng)的語法中并不多見,但是在經(jīng)濟學人這樣的雜志中還是挺多的.。
其實就等于those who doubt that+句子 ,大家記住就好。
參考譯文:全球變暖的暫停被這些人抓住并加以利用。他們本來就不認為人類需要采取行動來控制溫室氣體的排放。甚至其中一些極端的質(zhì)疑者認為人為的全球變暖本身就是一種幻想而已。
考研英語長難句14
People with a grasp of the law ofconservation of energy are, however, skepticalin their turn of these positions and doubt thatthe pause is such good news. They wouldrather understand where the missing heat hasgone, and why- and thus whether the pausecan be expected to continue.
考研英語詞匯突破:
grasp 理解
law of the conservation of energy 能量守衡定律
Position 觀點,態(tài)度
in their turn 輪到他們
be skeptical of sth = don’t believe in sth 質(zhì)疑某事
考研英語參考譯文:那些理解能量守衡定律的人也相應的表達了他們對于以上觀點的質(zhì)疑。他們不相信這種放緩是一個好消息。他們知道丟失的熱量去了哪里以及為什么會這樣,從而知道這次放緩是否可持續(xù)
The most likely explanation is that it is hiding in the oceans, which store nine timesas much of the sun’s heat as do the atmosphere and land combined.
考研英語參考譯文:最有可能的解釋就是這些熱量藏在了海洋里。海洋里所儲存的太陽的熱量是大氣和大陸所儲存的.熱量的九倍。
But until this week, descriptions of how the sea might do this have largely comefrom computer models.
考研英語參考譯文:但是直到這周,對于海洋如何儲存更多熱量的描述大多來自計算機模型。
Now, thanks to a study published in Science by Chen Xianyao of the OceanUniversity of China, Qingdao, and Ka-Kit Tung of the University of Washington, Seattle,there are data.
考研英語參考譯文: 現(xiàn)在,一篇科學雜志上發(fā)表的文章向我們表明,這件事情是有數(shù)據(jù)支持的。
Dr Chen and Dr Tung have shown where exactly in the sea the missing heat islurking.
考研英語參考譯文:兩位博士向我們展示了丟失的熱量在海洋中的準確位置。
考研英語背景閱讀:過去15年地球變暖的速度明顯放緩,令科學界困惑不已。中美科學家在美國期刊《科學》報告說,可能是因為許多熱量被存儲到了大西洋和南大洋深處,這一變暖減緩現(xiàn)象還將持續(xù)15年左右。該報告的作者之一、中國海洋大學的陳顯堯教授表示,由于人類大量排放溫室氣體,過去150多年中全球氣溫一直在持續(xù)上升。
考研英語長難句15
1. Priestly explains how the deep bluecolor of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows todepartment stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless foundher garment.(20xx T1 P1)
翻譯:Priestly解釋了她的女助理身穿的那件毛衣的深藍色多年來是怎樣從T臺淪落到百貨商店,又如何從百貨商店淪落到打折區(qū)中, 毫無疑問,這個可憐的姑娘最后在這里(打折區(qū))淘到了它。(20xx T1 P1)
2. This top-down conception of thefashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with the feverishworld described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of“fast fashion”. (20xx T1 P2)
翻譯:這個時尚業(yè)自上而下的概念太過時了,或者說它和Elizabeth Cline在《過度著裝》(Elizabeth Cline用三年時間所寫的對于“快時尚”的控訴)一書中所描述的狂熱世界大相徑庭。(20xx T1 P2)
3.In December 20xx America’s FederalTrade Commission (FTC) proposed adding a “do not track” (DNT) option tointernet browsers, so that users could tell advertisers that they did not wantto be followed.(20xx T2 P3)
翻譯:20xx年12月,美國聯(lián)邦貿(mào)易委員會提議在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)瀏覽器中添加一個“禁止追蹤”的選項,這樣用戶可以告知廣告商們他們不想被追蹤。(20xx T2 P3)
4. Unable to tell whether someonereally objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’sdefault, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway. (20xx T2 P6)
翻譯:由于無法判斷人們是真的反對行為廣告還是他們堅持使用微軟瀏覽器的默認設(shè)置,一些廣告商可能會忽視“禁止追蹤” 的標簽,繼續(xù)追蹤(人們的網(wǎng)上痕跡)。(20xx T2 P6)
5. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on advertising, ithas chosen an indirect method: There is no guarantee that DNT by default willbecome the norm. (20xx T2 P7)
翻譯:如果微軟試圖擊敗幾乎完全依靠廣告業(yè)務的谷歌,那么它選擇了一個并不直接的方法: 我們無法保證把“禁止追蹤”作為默認設(shè)置會成為行業(yè)準則。(20xx T2 P7)
6. Look up Homo sapiens in the “Red List” of threatenedspecies of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) andyou will read: “Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widelydistributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threatsresulting in an overall population decline.”(20xx T3 P3)
翻譯:在國際自然保護聯(lián)盟的“瀕危物種紅色名單”中查閱“智人” 這一條目,你會看到:“因為此物種分布廣泛,適應性強,目前數(shù)量正在不斷增加, 并且沒有導致該物種數(shù)量下降的主要威脅, 因此該物種被列為了無危物種!(20xx T3 P3)
7. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: wehave now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of theplanet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situationsin which our descendants will find themselves.(20xx T3 P6)
翻譯:正如很多時候,過去掌握著通往未來的鑰匙:我們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)對塑造地球和歷史的長期模式有了很充分的認識,我們可以以此為依據(jù)來預測我們子孫后代的生存環(huán)境。(20xx T3 P6)
8. The Constitutional principles that Washington alonehas the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization” and that federallaws precede state laws are noncontroversial.(20xx T4 P2)
翻譯:憲法規(guī)定只有華盛頓政府有權(quán)利去“制定統(tǒng)一的入籍規(guī)則”,以及聯(lián)邦法律優(yōu)先于州法律,這兩項都是毋庸置疑的。(20xx T4 P2)
9. The Administration was in essence asserting thatbecause it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no stateshould be allowed to do so either. (20xx T4 P7)
翻譯:政府實質(zhì)上一直聲稱因為自己并不想執(zhí)行國會的移民意愿,所以它(政府)也不允許任何州這樣做。(20xx T4 P7)
10. On first hearing, this was the socially concernedchancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms” toan obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newlyunemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness. (20xx T1 P2)
翻譯:乍一聽,這是一位關(guān)心民生的財政大臣正試著去幫人們改善生活,包括去“改革”一個明顯縱容的社會(福利)系統(tǒng), 它對新失業(yè)者要求甚少并且還滋生懶惰。(20xx T1 P2)
11. What motivated him, we were to understand, was hiszeal for “fundamental fairness”— protecting the taxpayer, controlling spendingand ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits. (20xx T1 P2)
翻譯:然而我們要明白,他的動機是源自于對 “基本公平”的熱情—保護納稅人,控制開銷并且確保只有那些最應得的救濟的申請者才能申領(lǐng)救濟金。(20xx T1 P2)
12. There is pressure for change from within theprofession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keepingoutsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make moneyrather than serve clients ethically. (20xx T2 P5)
翻譯:行業(yè)內(nèi)部也有改革的壓力,但是反對改革的管理者堅持認為禁止外人(外部資金) 進入律師事務所使得律師遠離賺錢的壓力, 而按照職業(yè)道德更好地為客戶服務。(20xx T2 P5)
13. In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in lawfirms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging lawfirms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus onimproving firms’ efficiency. (20xx T2 P6)
翻譯:實際上,通過律所運用新的技術(shù), 招募致力于提升公司效率的職業(yè)經(jīng)理人, 允許非律師擁有律師事務所的股份,將會降低成本,提升服務(質(zhì)量)。(20xx T2 P6)
14. There is just one path for a lawyer in most Americanstates: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then athree- year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American BarAssociation and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. (20xx T2 P3)
翻譯:在美國的絕大多數(shù)州想成為律師只有一條途徑: 首先在(與法律專業(yè))不相關(guān)的'專業(yè)讀四年本科,然后在經(jīng)過美國律師協(xié)會授權(quán)的200所法學院中讀 3 年的法學學位,并且再花巨資準備律師資格考試。(20xx T2 P3)
15. But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipientsper prize, each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by thecollaborative nature of modern research—as will be demonstrated by theinevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discoveryof the Higgs boson. (20xx T3 P4)
翻譯:但是諾貝爾學獎關(guān)于每個獎項限三名獲獎者,而且他們必須在世的限制已經(jīng)因為現(xiàn)代科學的合作方式而變得不再適用,并將會在承認希格斯玻色子的發(fā)現(xiàn)時被證明,因為到時會不可避免的出現(xiàn)哪位科學家被忽視了這樣的爭論。(20xx T3 P4)
16. Among the commission’s 51 members are top-tier-university presidents, scholars, lawyers, judges, and business executives, aswell as prominent figures from diplomacy, filmmaking, music and journalism. (20xx T4 P2)
翻譯:該委員會由51名委員組成,在他們當中,有頂級高等學校的校長、學者、律師、法官以及企業(yè)經(jīng)理,還包括了外交、電影、音樂和新聞界的杰出的人物。(20xx T4 P2)
17. The commission ignores that for several decadesAmerica’s colleges and universities have produced graduates who don’t know thecontent and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of itsbenefits. (20xx T4 P4)
翻譯:委員會忽略了數(shù)十年來存在的問題,美國大學所培養(yǎng)出來的畢業(yè)生并未真正了解人文教育的內(nèi)容和特點,因此并沒有從中獲益。(20xx T4 P4)
18. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economistsare warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth,it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolicheart of modern democratic states. (20xx T1 P4)
翻譯:當 ThomasPiketty和其他經(jīng)濟學家開始對于日益加劇的不公和繼承財富的權(quán)利發(fā)出警告時,那些富有的貴族家庭依然被看做是現(xiàn)代民主國家象征就顯得令人費解了。(20xx T1 P4)
19. While Europe’s monarchies will no doubt be smartenough to survive for some time to come, it is the British royals who have mostto fear from the Spanish example. (20xx T1 P6)
翻譯:查爾斯應該明白:正如英國歷史所示,共和黨并非君主制最大的敵人,國王(本身的言行) 才是君主制最大的敵人。(20xx T1 P6)
20. The Supreme Court will now consider whether policecan search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is onor around a person during an arrest. (20xx T2 P1)
翻譯:現(xiàn)在,最高法院將要考慮的是警察是否可以在沒有搜查令的情況下搜查在逮捕期間的嫌疑人的手機內(nèi)容。(20xx T2 P1)
21. They could still invalidate Fourth Amendmentprotections when facing severe, urgent circumstances, and they could takereasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered while awarrant is pending. (20xx T2 P6)
翻譯:當面臨嚴重緊急情況時他們?nèi)匀粫`反第四修正法案的保護條例,他們需要采取合理的措施來確保在沒有拿到搜查令的時候手機數(shù)據(jù)不會被刪除或修改。(20xx T2 P6)
22. Asked whether any particular papers had impelled thechange, McNutt said: “The creation of the ‘statistics board’ was motivated byconcerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis inscientific research and is part of Science’s overall drive to increasereproducibility in the research we publish.” (20xx T3 P3)
翻譯:當被問及是否是某篇特定的出版物促使了這個變化,McNutt回答道:“統(tǒng)計委員會的設(shè)立是受對科學調(diào)查的統(tǒng)計應用和數(shù)據(jù)分析的廣泛擔憂所驅(qū)使的,并且它是雜志整體趨勢的一部分,用以增加出版文章的可復制性! (20xx T3 P3)
23. Researchers should improve their standards, he wrotein 20xx, but journals should also take a tougher line, “engaging reviewers whoare statistically literate and editors who can verify the process”. (20xx T3 P6)
翻譯:他在20xx年寫到研究者應該提升他們的標準,而雜志也應該采取一個更加嚴格的路線“參與的審查者應該具有統(tǒng)計學知識,并且編輯應該核實這一流程”。(20xx T3 P6)
24. One of the astonishing revelations was how littleRebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, how little she thought toask and the fact that she never inquired how the stories arrived. (20xx T4 P4)
翻譯:其中一個令人驚訝的事實是Rebekah Brooks竟不知道她的編輯部所發(fā)生的事,也沒想到自己會被審問,事實上,她也從未過問事情是怎樣發(fā)生的。(20xx T4 P4)
25. Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions abouthow her journalists got their stories, but she asked no questions, gave noinstructions—nor received traceable, recorded answers. (20xx T4 P6)
翻譯:Brooks女士可能懷疑或可能沒懷疑過她的記者們是如何得到他們所寫的故事的, 但是她沒有詢問,沒有做出指示,即沒有得到可追溯的記錄下來的回答。
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