閱讀理解之主旨大意題,顧名思義,主旨即為文章中心,主旨大意題主要考查學(xué)生找準(zhǔn)文章中心,正確理解主旨大意的能力。那么怎樣能夠保證準(zhǔn)確定位文章中心是考生作對(duì)主旨大意題的關(guān)鍵。下面小編為大家詳細(xì)介紹幾種能提高定位文章中心準(zhǔn)確性的技巧:
一、先讀五個(gè)題目,找出題干中出現(xiàn)的頻率較高的普通詞匯或表達(dá),它們很有可能是文章中心論點(diǎn)或是所涉及的內(nèi)容,通過(guò)題干中的高頻詞匯或表達(dá),推導(dǎo)出文章中心論點(diǎn)和主要內(nèi)容。例,閱讀理解題(2002,Text 1) 的五道題目主干:
41.To make your humor work,you should_____.
42.The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are______.
43.It can be inferred from the text that public services_____.
44.To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered_____.
45.The best title for the text may be ___A__.
A. Use Humor Effectively B. Various Kinds of Humor
C.Add Humor to Speech D. Different Humor Strategies
通過(guò)解析41題的題干“為了使你的幽默奏效”,42題的題干“關(guān)于醫(yī)生的笑話(huà)暗指…”,44題的題干“為了取得預(yù)期結(jié)果”,正確理解出三個(gè)題干的意思后,綜合分析理解,可推出文章最佳題目應(yīng)為A選項(xiàng),“有效地使用幽默”,因?yàn)橛行У厥褂昧擞哪艜?huì)有助于達(dá)到預(yù)期結(jié)果,才會(huì)讓人們正確理解笑話(huà)暗含的意思。
二、文章中心論點(diǎn)通常出現(xiàn)在首段,最遲也會(huì)在第二段首句出現(xiàn)。如若出現(xiàn)在首段首句,論點(diǎn)自然明了;若出現(xiàn)在首段末句,通常前面交代的是故事、現(xiàn)象、背景、影響等以引導(dǎo)出文章中心論點(diǎn)。所以,同學(xué)們?cè)趯ふ椅恼轮行恼擖c(diǎn)的時(shí)候一定要注重首段的首尾句,和第二段的首句。例,2003 Text 1,2006 Text 3的文章中心論點(diǎn)均出現(xiàn)在首段末。
三、文章首段中使用轉(zhuǎn)折引出文章論點(diǎn),轉(zhuǎn)折詞有but, yet, however,nevertheless 等轉(zhuǎn)折連詞。這些轉(zhuǎn)折詞后的內(nèi)容為中心論點(diǎn)。如,
Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry -- William Shakespeare -- but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches.(2006 Text 2)
Many things make people think artists are weird. But the weirdest may be this: artists’ only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.(2006 Text 4)
需要注意的是,首段中有時(shí)不止出現(xiàn)一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折詞,遇到這種情況,同學(xué)要仔細(xì)讀,認(rèn)真看,通常大寫(xiě)的轉(zhuǎn)折連詞后的內(nèi)容是文章論點(diǎn),而小寫(xiě)的是句子內(nèi)的轉(zhuǎn)折,即要注意轉(zhuǎn)折的層次。如,
Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe.But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of the traditional work-moral values. Ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw thief jobs as their primary reason for being, but now japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs,and young people don’t know where they should go next.(2001 Text 4)
2001年的這段出現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)but ,第一個(gè)是大寫(xiě),第二個(gè)小寫(xiě)。很明顯,第一個(gè)but 后是文章的論點(diǎn),第二個(gè) but 是句中轉(zhuǎn)折,作為十年前與現(xiàn)在的對(duì)比,是對(duì)現(xiàn)狀的強(qiáng)調(diào),而不是文章的論點(diǎn)。
以上是針對(duì)閱讀理解中的主旨大意題,確定文章中心論點(diǎn)的技巧,希望能對(duì)考研學(xué)子們有所指導(dǎo)和幫助。考研不是一個(gè)人的戰(zhàn)斗,在漫漫考研路上,小編一直伴你左右,為同學(xué)們解惑答疑。祝同學(xué)們考研成功!