完型填空是考研英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)的一大題型,為了讓2017年考生更好地把握完型填空的復(fù)習(xí),下面是小編整理分析了的完型填空的各方面問題,希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。
一、 題目命制的指導(dǎo)原則
英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用的形式不僅考查考生對(duì)于不同語(yǔ)境中規(guī)范的語(yǔ)言要素(包括詞匯、表達(dá)方式和結(jié)構(gòu))的運(yùn)用能力,而且還考查考生對(duì)語(yǔ)段特征(如連貫性和一致性等)的辨識(shí)能力。也就是說,英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用這部分試題對(duì)考生的考查上升到了一個(gè)更高的層面,提升為在語(yǔ)篇層次上考查學(xué)生運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)知識(shí)的綜合能力。它囊括了對(duì)語(yǔ)篇微觀的語(yǔ)言要素(如詞匯、結(jié)構(gòu)和表達(dá)方式)和各項(xiàng)宏觀結(jié)構(gòu)(上下文的邏輯性和連貫性)的考查,并實(shí)現(xiàn)了二者的有機(jī)結(jié)合。
二、 完形填空理解所需能力
第一, 閱讀理解能力尤為重要
閱讀理解是考生對(duì)文章的大意進(jìn)行理解的第一步也是關(guān)鍵的第一步,只有對(duì)文章的大意有所了解,才能把題目做好。通過閱讀,可以更加熟悉地了解文章的結(jié)構(gòu),詞匯的設(shè)置,詞語(yǔ)的辨識(shí)等。在閱讀文章的時(shí)候,中公考研輔導(dǎo)專家提醒廣大的2012年考生們不要忘記了對(duì)第一句的閱讀,因?yàn)槲恼率锥蔚牡谝痪渫ǔ?huì)給我們一個(gè)整體的信息。
下面是1999年~2010年研究生入學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)試卷中使用過的短文的首句,中公考研英語(yǔ)考研輔導(dǎo)老師把其中分別包含的信息整理如下:
In 1924 America’s National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of
experiments at a telephone—parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago。(2010年,
what,when,who,where)
Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are。
(2009年 what,how)
The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those
hypotheses that dare not speak its name. (2008年 what,how);
By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations。(2007年 when,who, how);
The homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population。(2006年who ,how);
The human nose is an underrated tool。(2005年what,how);
Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinguency(crimes committed by young people)focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. (2004年what,how);
Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults
experience. (2003年who,how);
Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the
diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. (2002年what, how, when);
The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people
involved in prominent cases 1 the trial of Rosemary West. (2001年who,what,how);
If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his
production. (2000年who,why,how);
Industrial safety does not just happen. (1999年what,how);
第二, 扎實(shí)的語(yǔ)法是基礎(chǔ)
扎實(shí)的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)是考生理解英語(yǔ)文章的基礎(chǔ)。盡管對(duì)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的考查并不是歷年試題的重點(diǎn),但這并非意味著對(duì)語(yǔ)言掌握的要求降低了。語(yǔ)法是英語(yǔ)的基礎(chǔ),是理解文章大意的基礎(chǔ)能力,只有對(duì)語(yǔ)法熟悉掌握,才會(huì)在做題的過程中游刃有余。
A variety of activities should be organized 1 participants can remain active as long as they
want and then go on to 2 else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants 3 .
(2003年第36題)
1A]if only [B]now that *[C]so that [D]even if
2A]everything [B]anything [C]nothing [D]something
3A]off *[B]down [C]out [D]alone
2題考查考生對(duì)不定代詞的用法和區(qū)分能力。A項(xiàng)everything不能與else連用。B項(xiàng)anything 與else構(gòu)成詞組表示“別的什么”,但其中有“別的以外任何事情”的含義。從上下文的語(yǔ)意來看,此處用anything不妥。C項(xiàng)nothing 一般用在nothing else than(只不過,僅有)中。D項(xiàng)something 與 else 構(gòu)成詞組表示“別的事情”,用在肯定句中,從語(yǔ)法和前后語(yǔ)意關(guān)系上來看,D項(xiàng)是正確選項(xiàng)。
第三,詞匯能力的掌握
詞語(yǔ)的應(yīng)用能力指對(duì)詞語(yǔ)的辨析、搭配和選擇固定搭配。根據(jù)對(duì)近10年考題的分析統(tǒng)計(jì),詞匯題平均約占完型考題總量的70%,是命題的重點(diǎn)。
It was not 2 the19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre—electronic medium,
A, after B,by C, during D, until
分析:空格所占在句是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型:it was+時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)+that。在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,能與not搭配并用于這個(gè)句型的只有until,not until表示“直到....。.才....。.”。
第四,重視對(duì)語(yǔ)篇的分析和理解
語(yǔ)篇就是通過一定的銜接手段將意思相關(guān)的句子組織在一起的語(yǔ)意整體。在考研試題英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用中,考生語(yǔ)篇處理能力可以分為對(duì)語(yǔ)意結(jié)構(gòu)的理解、對(duì)語(yǔ)意邏輯關(guān)系的理解以及對(duì)詞匯的同現(xiàn)和重現(xiàn)的理解。
7 The figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter:that the number of the homeless is
increasing。
A, Now that B,Although C,Provided D, Except that
分析:本題空格本分所在部分“估計(jì)的數(shù)字可能各不相同”與下文“分析家們?cè)谝患律系拇_達(dá)成了共識(shí)”之間存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。由于邏輯詞出現(xiàn)在句首,因此需要一個(gè)表示讓步的連詞,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。只有B符合。Now that:“既然”,引出的是已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情,Provided:“倘若、只要”,引出的是條件,Except that:除了…總之,根據(jù)以上的分析,完形填空是一項(xiàng)綜合能力的展示,既包括閱讀理解能力,同時(shí)也涵蓋對(duì)詞、短語(yǔ)的理解能力。所以在做這部分題的時(shí)候,老師們?cè)诖藴剀疤崾荆阂龅叫闹杏幸桓骶,即讀懂全文,對(duì)文章有一個(gè)清晰的了解,其次要重視對(duì)一些單詞,短語(yǔ)的掌握。