英語(yǔ)句型看似復(fù)雜多變，其實(shí)源于兩大句型，即
�、僦髡Z(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)(S+V+O)和
②主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)(S+V+P)
本句型總共有4種形式，分別因謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的不同特點(diǎn)而決定謂語(yǔ)之后有無(wú)賓語(yǔ)或補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，具體為：
1)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)
2)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)
3)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)
4)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
每一成分皆可復(fù)雜化，由此加大了句子的理解難度。下面就演示一下這兩大基本句型是如何擴(kuò)展成復(fù)雜的長(zhǎng)難句的。
一、句子擴(kuò)展：修飾成分加長(zhǎng)
(一)鉆石①主謂賓句型
The boy (主語(yǔ)) likes (謂語(yǔ)) English (賓語(yǔ)).
1.主語(yǔ)擴(kuò)展：
The clever boy likes English.
The boy with a book in his hand likes English.
The boy who is full of imagination likes English.
The clever boy who is full of imagination with a book in his hand likes English.
注：主語(yǔ)中心詞為the boy, 可以通過(guò)加形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)從句及其組合等成分使主語(yǔ)復(fù)雜化，從而增加理解難度。考研(課程)翻譯中的主語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)多為修飾成分繁多的主語(yǔ)。
2.謂語(yǔ)擴(kuò)展：
The boy likes English very much.
The boy likes English out of interest.
The boy likes English influenced by his parents.
The boy likes English, hoping that one day he can go abroad.
The boy liked English when he was five years old.
注：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞like通過(guò)添加副詞短語(yǔ)、介詞短語(yǔ)、現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)、過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)從句等進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展，從而使句子變得復(fù)雜，增加了理解難度�？佳蟹g中注意找準(zhǔn)動(dòng)詞及其修飾成分,以弄清邏輯關(guān)系。
3.賓語(yǔ)擴(kuò)展：
The boy likes American English.
The boy likes English, the international language.
The boy likes English which is the most widely spoken language in the world.
The boy likes English spoken by many people nowadays.
The boy likes English, a beautiful language, spoken by many people living in every corner of the world.
注：賓語(yǔ)English通過(guò)添加形容詞(短語(yǔ))、同位語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)從句、分詞短語(yǔ)及其組合進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展，從而使簡(jiǎn)單句變得復(fù)雜化�？佳蟹g中要注意這些修飾成分，如分詞結(jié)構(gòu)要找出邏輯主語(yǔ)等，定語(yǔ)從句要找出先行詞，等等。
(二)句型②主系表句型
The girl (主語(yǔ)) is (系動(dòng)詞) Mary (表語(yǔ)).
各部分?jǐn)U展：
The girl in a pink hat with a book in her hand is probably Mary a kind-hearted girl of inexhaustible energy which often amazes her classmates.
注：此句的擴(kuò)展同上(也是通過(guò)添加修飾成分變復(fù)雜)，不再贅述。
二、句子擴(kuò)展：成分替換