隨著2016年考試的臨近，不少學(xué)生還在擔(dān)心著自己的英語這門課能不能過線的問題。對于英語這門公共課，每每很多考生考完都會扼腕嘆息，正是因?yàn)橛⒄Z沒過線，導(dǎo)致離自己的目標(biāo)院校僅一步之遙而不得入。在英語這門公共課考試?yán)�，讓考生們最重視的莫過于閱讀這一大題型了。不僅是因?yàn)殚喿x這一題型所占分值的比重最大，而且閱讀題型的解體能力對其他題型解題能力的影響�？梢赃@樣說，閱讀解題能力上去了，其他題型解題能力也會自然而然上去的。比如說，閱讀中的詞匯辨析能力以及邏輯思維能力在完型中有體現(xiàn)，閱讀中的長難句分析能力是做好翻譯題型的重要能力。因此，考生們都會花費(fèi)大量時(shí)間在閱讀上面，然而往往不盡如意，時(shí)間跟投入沒能跟回報(bào)呈正比。
【真題例題】
It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly) wisdom—or at least confirm that he’s the kid’s dad. All he needs to do is shell out $30 for a paternity testing kit (PTK) at his local drugstore—and another $120 to get the results.
More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first become available without prescriptions last years, according to Doug Fogg, chief operating officer of Identigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits. More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests directly to the public, ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than $2, 500.
Among the most popular: paternity and kinship testing, which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and families can use to track down kids put up for adoption. DNA testing is also the latest rage among passionate genealogists—and supports businesses that offer to search for a family’s geographic roots.
Most tests require collecting cells by swabbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing. All tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare DNA.
But some observers are skeptical. “There is a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing,” says Troy Duster, a New York University sociologist. He notes that each individual has many ancestors—numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back. Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a father’s line or mitochondrial DNA, which is passed down only from mothers. This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just three generations back people also have six other great-grand parents or, four generations back, 14 other great-great-grandparents.
Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to which a sample is compared. Databases used by some companies don’t rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects. This means that a DNA database may have a lot of data from some regions and not others, so a person’s test results may differ depending on the company that processes the results. In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.
26. In paragraphs 1 and 2 , the text shows PTK’s
27. PTK is used to
28. Skeptical observers believe that ancestry testing fails to
29. In the last paragraph, a problem commercial genetic testing faces is
30. An appropriate title for the text is most likely to be
[A] Fors and Againsts of DNA Testing
[B] DNA Testing and Its Problems
[C] DNA Testing Outside the Lab
[D] Lies Behind DNA Testing
【解析】
首先判斷出30題是主旨題。讀完五道題題干，我們可以從28題題干中 “testing fails to” 以及29題題干中的 “a problem…testing faces” 可以看出，兩道題題干中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)了 “testing”，而 “fails to”(失敗之處) 和 “a problem” (問題)所表達(dá)的語義相近，都可以指問題所在。因此， “testing” 和 “問題” 都是本文的中心詞。因此本篇文章作者主要討論的應(yīng)該跟基因測試以及其出現(xiàn)的問題，由此再看四個(gè)選項(xiàng)只有B選項(xiàng)涵蓋了兩個(gè)中心詞的意思。答案應(yīng)該是B選項(xiàng)。我們在結(jié)合文章來看，一二兩段引出DNA檢測的 話題，三四段介紹DNA檢測的特點(diǎn)，用途及要求，最后兩段分析指出DNA存在的問題。由此可見，通過文章中內(nèi)容來看，本題的正確選項(xiàng)依然是B選項(xiàng)。
【總結(jié)】
考生在解決此類主旨大意題的時(shí)候，可以先看看五道題的題干能否幫助解題，在時(shí)間考場時(shí)間緊張的情況下，這種解題思路能夠幫助考生快速解題。同時(shí)，也可以幫助不確定答案的考生最后確認(rèn)答案，考生們可以參考借鑒。