現(xiàn)階段,2015考研的學(xué)生正在如火如荼地進(jìn)行復(fù)試,2016考研的考生也爭分奪秒地開啟了復(fù)習(xí)模式。無論外界的信息多么紛繁復(fù)雜,2016考研的考生需要做的始終是腳踏實(shí)地的復(fù)習(xí)。在基礎(chǔ)夯實(shí)階段,對付考研英語需要做的是熟悉語法,只有語法有了一定基礎(chǔ),后期對長難句解析才會不困難,今天老師就2016考研英語語法基礎(chǔ)中的狀語從句給大家進(jìn)行講解。
狀語從句從字面上來看,是一個(gè)句子做狀語成分。句子用作狀語時(shí),是起副詞作用的句子。它可以修飾謂語、非謂語動詞、定語、狀語或整個(gè)句子。根據(jù)其作用可分為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、條件、目的、結(jié)果、讓步、方式和比較等從句。從形式上來看,狀語從句一般由從屬連詞引導(dǎo),或者也可以由詞組引導(dǎo)。從位置上來看,從句位于句首或句中時(shí)通常用逗號與主句隔開,位于句尾時(shí)可以不用逗號隔開。
1、when/while/as引導(dǎo)
When引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句意思是“當(dāng).。。時(shí)候”,既可以跟延續(xù)性動詞也可以跟瞬間動詞,也就是說既可以指時(shí)間段也可以指時(shí)間點(diǎn),另外when引導(dǎo)的從句里的動作既可以和主句動作同時(shí)發(fā)生也可以發(fā)生在主句之前或之后。如果when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句主語與主句主語相同,且從句謂語是be動詞,則從句中的主語和be動詞均可以省略,例如句子:When (you are) rich, do not forget to help others。另外,當(dāng)從句與主句主語相同時(shí),從句可以用“when+分詞”代替,例如句子:When asked the question, I was confused. When coming into the room, I found him lying there asleep。
While引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)意思也是“當(dāng).。。時(shí)候”,強(qiáng)調(diào)主句動作與從句動作同時(shí)進(jìn)行,且從句動詞得是延續(xù)性動詞而非瞬間動詞,如:While we were dancing, it was raining suddenly。
As引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句意思為“一邊.。。一邊”,側(cè)重表示兩個(gè)動作同時(shí)發(fā)生;或者一種動作伴隨另一種動作的變化而變化,The sad mother sat on the roadside, crying as she was shouting。(一邊.。。一邊) As time went on, the memories got vague。(隨著)
綜上所述,when、while、as均可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句,但三者的用法還是有所區(qū)別,when既可以跟延續(xù)性動詞也可以跟瞬間動詞,而while和as都只能跟延續(xù)性動詞;when引導(dǎo)的從句既可以發(fā)生在主句之前、之后也可以同時(shí)發(fā)生,而while、as從句的動作與主句動作強(qiáng)調(diào)同時(shí)發(fā)生。語法的掌握除了理解理論,還需要在句子中掌握。希望大家從句子中深刻認(rèn)識狀語從句。
2、before/after引導(dǎo)
這兩個(gè)連詞用法比較簡單,before引導(dǎo)的從句發(fā)生在主句之前,after引導(dǎo)的從句發(fā)生在主句之后。來看兩個(gè)例子:Come to see me before you go to America。在你去美國之前先來看看我。After I arrived in Beijing,I went to the Great Wall first。我到達(dá)北京后,我首先去了長城。
3、till/until引導(dǎo)
二者在一般情況下可以互換,但till不能放在句首,until可以位于句首。如果主句中的謂語動詞是瞬間動詞,必須用否定形式;如果主句中的謂語動詞是延續(xù)性動詞,肯定形式、否定形式均可。例如:I did not go to bed until my father came back. I worked until my father came back。
4、since引導(dǎo)
Since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句表示“自從.。。以來”。當(dāng)主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài),從句用一般過去時(shí)。They have been friends since they were kids. I have been worked in this company since we met last time。
5、as soon as/hardly when/no sooner than引導(dǎo)
這些連詞表示“一.。。就”,如:As soon as I reach home, I will call you back。當(dāng)hardly, scarcely, rarely和no sooner位于句首時(shí),主句要用倒裝語序。He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to begin another journey。他剛到家,就被告知開始另一段新的旅程。
6、by the time引導(dǎo)
一般,當(dāng)從句為一般過去時(shí),主句用過去完成時(shí);當(dāng)從句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主句為將來完成時(shí)。By the time you arrived there, I had finished this work.By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work。
7、each time/every time引導(dǎo)
You grow younger each time I see you。每次見你,你都變年輕了。
8、as long as/so long as引導(dǎo)
I will call you as long as I get home。只要我一到家,我就給你打電話。
語法的掌握除了理解理論,還需要在句子中掌握。時(shí)間狀語從句的連詞相對很多,對于這些詞的掌握主要從時(shí)態(tài)上進(jìn)行掌握。在今后進(jìn)行長難句解析時(shí)要注意時(shí)間狀語從句的用法,活學(xué)活用,真題句子無非就是由這些從句堆砌起來的,因此基礎(chǔ)要夯實(shí)是關(guān)鍵。希望大家對時(shí)間狀語從句有個(gè)深刻的認(rèn)識。
在考研基礎(chǔ)夯實(shí)階段,考研英語備考需要做的是熟悉語法,只有語法有了一定基礎(chǔ),后期對長難句解析才會不困難,今天老師就2016考研英語語法基礎(chǔ)中的狀語從句接著給大家進(jìn)行講解,著重從幾個(gè)句子中讓大家對時(shí)間狀語從句有個(gè)更深刻的認(rèn)識。
句子一:It is all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor(with a beard) and did his share of noise-making。句子主干It is ironic+時(shí)間狀語從句;deliciously副詞修飾形容詞ironic,deliciously本意是“美味地”,“美味地諷刺”搭配不當(dāng),意思沒有表達(dá)出來,因此要把“美味地”換成別的詞,如果副詞意思無法準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)出來,那就可以理解成程度副詞“very”,大大地諷刺。時(shí)間狀語從句為when you consider that...;Shakespeare was himself an actor(with a beard) and did his share of noise-making為consider的賓語從句,這個(gè)句子是個(gè)部分強(qiáng)調(diào)句,正常語序?yàn)镾hakespeare was an actor(with a beard) and did his share of noise-making;who earns their living定語從句修飾Shakespeare,在這個(gè)定語從句中,who作為引導(dǎo)詞并且充當(dāng)句子中的主語成分,從句中謂語是earns,賓語是their living。參考翻譯:想想給他們帶來生計(jì)的莎士比亞本人就是個(gè)演員(留著胡子),他也是制造這些噪音的一部分,這樣一來你就會覺得一切帶有大大地諷刺意味。
句子二:Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II had weakened the “Japanese morality of respect for parents”。句子主干是Mitsuo Setoyama raised eyebrows when+時(shí)間狀語從句;who was then education minister為定語從句修飾Mitsuo Setoyama,在這個(gè)定語從句中,who作為引導(dǎo)詞并且充當(dāng)句子中的主語成分,從句中系動詞是was,表語是education minister;在時(shí)間狀語從句中,句子主干是he argued that liberal reforms had weakened the “Japanese morality of respect for parents”;introduced by the American occupation authorities非謂語動詞作定語修飾liberal reforms;after World War II是介詞短語作時(shí)間狀語。參考翻譯:去年,時(shí)任教育部長的瀨戶光夫爭辯說“二戰(zhàn)”后由美國占領(lǐng)當(dāng)局引入的自由主義改革削弱了日本民族“尊敬父母的道德品質(zhì)”,引起輿論一片嘩然。
狀語從句從字面上來看,是一個(gè)句子做狀語成分。句子用作狀語時(shí),是起副詞作用的句子。它可以修飾謂語、非謂語動詞、定語、狀語或整個(gè)句子。希望大家結(jié)合上邊的句子更深入理解時(shí)間狀語從句。