Text 3

　　"There is one and only one social responsibility of business" wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel Prize-winning economist "That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits." But even if you accept Friedman's premise and regard corporate social responsibility(CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders's money, things may not be absolutely clear-act. New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.

　　The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to their businesses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a "signal" that a company's products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company's products as an indirect may to donate to the good causes it helps. And third, through a more diffuse "halo effect" whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.

　　Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under American's Foreign Corrupt Practices Act(FCPA).It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company's products as part of their investigations，they could be influenced only by the halo effect.

　　The study found that，among prosecuted firms，those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firm's political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.

　　In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company's record in CSR. "We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about20% result in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials." says one researcher.

　　Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question at how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.

　　31. The author views Milton Friedman's statement about CSR with

　　[A]uncertainty

　　[B]skepticism

　　[C]approval

　　[D]tolerance

　　【答案】[A]uncertainty

　　【解析】態(tài)度題。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞Milton Friedman, CSR 可以定位到第一段開頭處，米爾頓·弗里德曼認(rèn)為："企業(yè)有且只有一種責(zé)任，為增加利潤(rùn)而運(yùn)用資源，開展活動(dòng)"。緊接著文章轉(zhuǎn)折并提出"things may not be absolutely clear-cut"。情況并不明確。由此推知，作者對(duì)此的態(tài)度是uncertainty。

　　32. According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by

　　[A]guarding it against malpractices

　　[B]protecting it from consumers

　　[C]winning trust from consumers.

　　[D]raising the quality of its products

　　【答案】[D]raising the quality of its products

　　【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段，以及題干中的關(guān)鍵詞CSR，公司花大筆資金在CSR上面，其結(jié)果就是"this could add value to their business in three ways", "以三種方式分別給公司帶來價(jià)值"。緊接著文章分別闡述三種方式，得出正確答案為D。

　　33. The expression "more lenient"(line 2,Para.4)is closest in meaning to

　　[A]less controversial

　　[B]more lasting

　　[C]more effective

　　[D]less severe

　　【答案】[D]less severe

　　【解析】詞義題。根據(jù)題干回文定位到第四段第一句。通過該段第二句的描述可以得知CSR和政治影響是對(duì)立的兩個(gè)因素。而第二句冒號(hào)后面交代，參與政治活動(dòng)較多的公司不會(huì)受到較低的罰款。這就意味著，反而具有全面的CSR項(xiàng)目的公司受到的罰款比較低。因此，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可以推出第一句話中的more lenient penalties指less severe，即不那么嚴(yán)重的(寬大)的懲罰。因此正確答案為D。

　　34. When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company's CSR record

　　[A]comes across as reliable evidence

　　[B]has an impact on their decision

　　[C]increases the chance of being penalized

　　[D]constitutes part of the investigation

　　【答案】[B]has an impact on their decision

　　【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的prosecutors evaluate a case回文定位到第五段第二句。該句指出雖然檢察官在評(píng)估一個(gè)案件時(shí)，應(yīng)該基于其功績(jī)，實(shí)際上還是受到了公司CSR記錄的影響。故正確答案為選項(xiàng)B。

　　35. Which of the following is true of CSR according to the last paragraph?

　　[A] The necessary amount of companies spending on it is unknown

　　[B] Companies' financial capacity for it has been overestimated

　　[C] Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked

　　[D]It has brought much benefit to the banking industry

　　【答案】[A] The necessary amount of companies spending on it is unknown

　　【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干回文定位到最后一段。該段首句指出，研究者們承認(rèn)他們的研究沒有解決的問題是：針對(duì)CSR各大企業(yè)到底該支出多少費(fèi)用。故正確答案為選項(xiàng)A。

　　Text 4

　　There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. "Sometime in the future," the paper's publisher said back in 2010.

　　Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, there's plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper - printing presses, delivery trucks - isn't just expensive; it's excessive at a time when online - only competitors don't have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.

　　Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.

　　Peretti says the Times shouldn't waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way. "Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them," he said, "but if you discontinue it, you're going have your most loyal customers really upset with you."

　　Sometimes that's worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming. "It was seen as blunder," he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at the Times? "I wouldn't pick a year to end print," he said "I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product."

　　The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and they'd feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. "So if you're overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping," Peretti said. "Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue." In other words, if you're going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it. Which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year - more than twice as much as a digital - only subscription.

　　"It's a really hard thing to do and it's a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn't have a legacy business," Peretti remarked. "But we're going to have questions like that where we have things we're doing that don't make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it's better to be more aggressive that less aggressive."

　　36. The New York Times is considering ending it's print edition partly due to

　　[A] the increasing online and sales

　　[B] the pressure from its investors

　　[C] the complaints from its readers

　　[D] the high cost of operation

　　【答案】[D] the high cost of operation

　　【解析】從題干提取關(guān)鍵詞ending和due to 定位到第二段主題句中的 incentive to ditch the print (放棄印刷的原因)。隨后解釋了infrastructure isn't just expensive (設(shè)備不僅僅是昂貴)。此外，該段還對(duì)比對(duì)手電子圖書：don't have the same set of financial constraints(經(jīng)濟(jì)限制)。因此可以確定答案D。

　　37. Peretti suggests that in face of the present situation, The Times should

　　[A] make strategic adjustments

　　[B] end the print sedition for good

　　[C] seek new sources of leadership

　　[D] aim for efficient management

　　【答案】[A] make strategic adjustments

　　【解析】首先根據(jù)Peretti suggests定位到闡述Peretti觀點(diǎn)的第四段第一句：Peretti says the Times shouldn't waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way.可以確定答案A。

　　38. It can be inferred from paragraphs 5and 6 that a " legacy product"

　　[A] helps restore the glory of former times

　　[B] is meant for the most loyal customers

　　[C] will have the cost of printing reduced

　　[D] expands the popularity of the paper

　　【答案】[B] is meant for the most loyal customers

　　【解析】本題答案定位到第6段第1句"The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor"以及"make it for the people who are already obsessed with it"。

　　39. Peretti believes that in a changing world

　　[A] traditional luxuries can stay unaffected

　　[B] cautiousness facilitates problem-solving

　　[C] aggressiveness better meets challenges

　　[D] legacy businesses are becoming out dated

　　【答案】[C] aggressiveness better meets challenges

　　【解析】根據(jù)題干中的"in a changing world"定位到文章最后一段最后一句. 原文說當(dāng)市場(chǎng)和世界形勢(shì)發(fā)生變化時(shí)，我們所做的事情就毫無意義了。在這種情形下，"more aggressive(積極進(jìn)取)is better", 和答案中的關(guān)鍵信息"aggressiveness better"相呼應(yīng)。

　　40. which of the following would be the best title of the text?

　　[A] shift to online newspapers all at once

　　[B] Cherish the Newspapers still in Your Hand

　　[C] keep Your Newspapers Forever in Fashion

　　[D] Make Your print Newspapers a luxury Good

　　【答案】[D] Make Your print Newspapers a luxury Good

　　【解析】本文主要是講述報(bào)紙行業(yè)為防止被淘汰的而需要做出的應(yīng)對(duì)之策。根據(jù)文中第5段最后一句的"raise prices, and make it into more of a legacy product"以及第6段中"increase it at a higher rate each year..."可得知，應(yīng)該把報(bào)紙變成一種更像文化遺產(chǎn)的一種產(chǎn)品，并且要不斷提高報(bào)紙的價(jià)格，變成一種奢侈品。

　　【試題點(diǎn)評(píng)】今年四篇文章來自于衛(wèi)報(bào)、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人等，整體難度，相對(duì)于去年而言，略微簡(jiǎn)單。第一篇文章的講是法國(guó)時(shí)尚界要保護(hù)模特的身體健康，所以要嚴(yán)禁使用那些很瘦的模特。第二篇文章是講英國(guó)的綠地，鄉(xiāng)村的綠地要保護(hù)好。第三篇文章講的是美國(guó)研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，一個(gè)公司如果注重社會(huì)責(zé)任的話，這個(gè)公司就算是在法律訴訟的時(shí)候，檢查人員也會(huì)潛意識(shí)地為其說好話。第四篇文章講的是要不要停止這個(gè)紐約時(shí)代報(bào)紙印刷，采取的相關(guān)政策方法是讓報(bào)紙價(jià)格貴一點(diǎn)。在我們整體的考研閱讀當(dāng)中，所需要具備的一個(gè)最重要的能力就是如何去看到題目之后，定準(zhǔn)了位，并且找到那個(gè)我們真正應(yīng)該找到的位置，在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)當(dāng)中去找意思的原文最匹配的選項(xiàng)。具體相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)和解題思路在學(xué)府考研強(qiáng)化、沖刺階段-英語強(qiáng)化、沖刺班閱讀理解部分鄭景婷老師有重點(diǎn)講解，在基礎(chǔ)班閱讀基礎(chǔ)部分的段與篇、謀篇、題型精析課程，和強(qiáng)化班的閱讀理解A部分也均有涉及。

　　Part B

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings. Mark your answers on the ANSER SHEET. (10 point)

　　[A] Create a new image of yourself

　　[B] Decide if the time is right

　　[C] Have confidence in yourself

　　[D]Understand the context

　　[E]Work with professionals

　　[F]Make it efficient

　　[G]Know your goals

　　No matter how formal or informal the work environment, the way you present yourself has an impact. This is especially true in the first impressions. According to research from Princeton University , people assess your competence, trustworthiness, and likeability in just a tenth of a second, solely based on the way you look.

　　The difference between today's workplace and the "dress for success" era is that the range of options is so much broader. Norms have evolved and fragmented. In some settings, red sneakers or dress T-shirts can convey status; in other not so much. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like LinkedIn. Chances are, your headshots are seen much more often now than a decade or two ago. Millennials, it seems, face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It can be confusing.

　　So how do we navigate this? How do we know when to invest in an upgrade? And what's the best way to pull off one than enhances our goals? Here are some tips:

　　41

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】該段中出現(xiàn)了表示時(shí)間的詞匯和短語：during transitions; in a period of , time。在不同的時(shí)間段，作者給出了不同的策略。瀏覽標(biāo)題發(fā)現(xiàn)，只有選項(xiàng)B出現(xiàn)了表示時(shí)間的詞匯。本段第二句中的good與小標(biāo)題中的right也恰好對(duì)應(yīng)，因此確定正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

　　As an executive coach, I've seen image upgrades be particular helpful during transitions-when looking for a new job, stepping into a new or more public role, or changing work environments. If you're in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If you're not sure, ask for honest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues and professionals. Look for cues about how others perceive you. Maybe there's no need for an upgrade and that's OK

　　42

　　【答案】G

　　【解析】該段首句提到"弄清楚你希望達(dá)到的效果"，然后以問句形式提出段落主題，接著分兩個(gè)方面來闡述：目標(biāo)不同，要求不同。本段第一句話中的"get clear"與小標(biāo)題中的"know"屬于同義表達(dá)，并且本段第三句話中the goal 與小標(biāo)題中的goal完全對(duì)應(yīng)，因此正確答案為G選項(xiàng)。

　　Get clear on what impact you're hoping to have. Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it? For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modern and stylish. For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more "SoHo." (It's OK to use characterizations like that )

　　43

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】該段第一句話提到"要像人類學(xué)家一樣來考慮你的工作環(huán)境"，接著給出了幾個(gè)排比的問句，都是針對(duì)工作環(huán)境的具體細(xì)節(jié)的發(fā)問。最重要的是在結(jié)尾部分，作者總結(jié)評(píng)論道，"The better you …, the more control you …"，意為"對(duì)文化背景理解得越好，對(duì)自己的影響力就有越好的控制"。很明顯，這句話凸顯了context的重要性，而且出現(xiàn)了關(guān)鍵詞的復(fù)現(xiàn)understand和context。因此，答案選D選項(xiàng)。

　　Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment? What conveys status? Who are your most important audiences? How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves? The better you understand the cultural context, the more control you can have over your impact.

　　44

　　【答案】E

　　【解析】本段按照總分的形式安排，并且在首句給出兩處關(guān)鍵詞professionals 和 share with，即"支持專家的意見，并且與其分享個(gè)人的目標(biāo)"。下文是舉例論述，例如去找私人造型師而不是理發(fā)師等。緊接著下文就給出 "work with a professional photographer"讓專業(yè)人士拍照片而不是自己的朋友或者是配偶。因此可以得出結(jié)論本段是圍繞專業(yè)人士professionals 的重要性來展開的。故選擇 Work with professionals.

　　Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personal stylist, or use the free styling service of a store like J. Crew. Try a hair stylist instead of a barber. Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend. It's not as expensive as you might think.

　　45

　　【答案】F

　　【解析】該段落主題句出現(xiàn)在轉(zhuǎn)折之后，即"Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue."，其中it指代上一句中style upgrade。通過前后兩句話對(duì)比指出目的是利用style upgrade作為機(jī)會(huì)來reduce decision fatigue(減少?zèng)Q定疲乏)，從而來提高辦事效率。后兩句話作為論據(jù)進(jìn)一步論證這一觀點(diǎn)，因此答案選F選項(xiàng)。

　　【試題點(diǎn)評(píng)】新題型要求考生從整體上把握文章的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容上的聯(lián)系，理解句子之間、段落之間的關(guān)系，對(duì)諸如連貫性、一致性等語段特征有較強(qiáng)的意識(shí)和熟練的把握，并具備運(yùn)用語法知識(shí)分析理解長(zhǎng)難句的能力。新題型有三種題型，不同的題型考查的重點(diǎn)不同，因此有不同的解題思路和技巧，需要考生全面把握，尤其是對(duì)于完形填句(段)題和排序題，是對(duì)語言能力和閱讀理解能力的綜合測(cè)試，因此在要求上遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于小標(biāo)題選擇題和觀點(diǎn)例證題，考生有必要對(duì)這類題型的答題思路多練習(xí)，以提高自己在這個(gè)部分的應(yīng)試能力。具體相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)和解題思路在學(xué)府考研沖刺階段-英語沖刺班新題型部分鄭景婷老師有重點(diǎn)講解，在基礎(chǔ)班閱讀基礎(chǔ)部分的閱讀理解B(新題型)，和強(qiáng)化班的閱讀理解B部分也均有涉及。

　　The point of a style upgrade isn't to become more vain or to spend more time fussing over what to wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue. Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options. Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, one article of clothing at a time.

　　Part C

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

　　Mental health is our birthright. (46) we don't have to learn how to be mentally healthy, it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend, a broken bone. Mental health can't be learned, only reawakened. It is like immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. When we don't understand the value of mental health and we don't know how to gain access to it, mental health will remain hidden from us. (47) Our mental health doesn't go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.

　　Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem -confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our lives-the ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things will work out. It's a form of innate or unlearned optimism. (48) Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and with unconditional love no matter who they are. Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patience for ourselves. And toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on our car, or raising a child. It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature, in culture, in the flow of our daily lives.

　　(49)Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfecting ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions. It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad, friend from foe. Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or the inner voice, we think of it simply as a health and helpful flow of intelligent thought. (50) As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.

　　46、【參考譯文】我們不必一定去學(xué)習(xí)如何做到心理健康，這種能力植根于我們自身，就像我們的身體知道如何愈合傷口，如何修復(fù)斷骨。

　　【解析】分號(hào)連接兩個(gè)句子：第一個(gè)句子主干為we don't have to learn，how引導(dǎo)賓語從句作learn的賓語，其中how表示方式;第二個(gè)句子主干為it is built into us，其中代詞it指代前句提及的mental health; in the same way表示方式，that引導(dǎo)定語從句，其中又嵌套了how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，作know的賓語。

　　47、【參考譯文】心理健康不會(huì)去往他方。如同烏云可能蔽日，心理健康可能會(huì)暫時(shí)隱藏于視線之外，但它完全可以在須臾之間復(fù)原如初。

　　【解析】分號(hào)連接兩個(gè)句子：第一個(gè)句子為主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的簡(jiǎn)單句;第二個(gè)句子為but連接的兩個(gè)并列分句，表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，主干為it can be hidden, but it is capable of being restored，其中介詞短語like the sun behind a cloud表示比喻。in an instant：立刻，立即。

　　48、【參考譯文】心理健康使我們?cè)谒�人陷入危難之時(shí)給予同情，痛苦不已時(shí)給予善意，無論對(duì)誰，都能給予無條件的愛。

　　【解析】本句主干為：mental health allows us to view others…，三個(gè)并列的介詞短語with..表示伴隨。其中分別嵌套了if引導(dǎo)的兩個(gè)條件狀語從句和no matter who引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。

　　49、【參考譯文】盡管心理健康是人們度過一生的一劑萬能良藥，但它又普通不已，因?yàn)楫?dāng)你需要做出艱難決定時(shí)，都可感受到它的存在。

　　【解析】句子主干是it is perfectly ordinary。it指代前文提及的mental health;although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，其主干為mental health is the cure-all。as引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，其主干為you will see;that引導(dǎo)從句做see的賓語，其主干為it has been there to direct you。cure-all：合成名詞，萬靈藥。

　　50、【參考譯文】就像你會(huì)漸漸明白，深悉心理健康一直觸手可得并且值得信任，使我們能放慢生活腳步，活在當(dāng)下，幸福生活。

　　【解析】句子主干是knowing that…and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily。兩個(gè)動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)knowing…并列作主句的主語，其中that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句作knowing的賓語。句首的as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾整個(gè)主句，翻譯時(shí)可以處理為"就像…，正如…"。

　　【試題點(diǎn)評(píng)】翻譯考查考生在準(zhǔn)確理解的基礎(chǔ)上，按照英語語法結(jié)構(gòu)拆分句子，準(zhǔn)確、通順翻譯漢語的能力。本次考試的翻譯考點(diǎn)主要包含對(duì)并列句、定語從句、狀語從句及固定詞組等翻譯的考查。具體相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)和解題思路在學(xué)府考研沖刺階段英語沖刺班的翻譯部分鄭景婷老師有重點(diǎn)講解，在基礎(chǔ)班語法、長(zhǎng)難句基礎(chǔ)部分，和強(qiáng)化班的翻譯及長(zhǎng)短句部分也均有涉及。