2015年考研英語一答案(海文版)
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Though not biologically related, friends are as “related” as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is _(1)_a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has__(2)_.
The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted _(3)__1,932 unique subjects which __(4)__pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both_(5)_.
While 1% may seem_(6)_,it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, “Most people do not even _(7)_their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_(8)_our kin.”
The study_(9)_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity .Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now,_(10)_,as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more_(11)_it. There could be many mechanisms working together that _(12)_us in choosing genetically similar friends_(13)_”functional Kinship” of being friends with_(14)_!
One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to be evolution_(15)_than other genes Studying this could help_(16)_why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major_(17)_factor.
The findings do not simply explain people’s_(18)_to befriend those of similar_(19)_backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to_(20)_that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.
1. [A] when [B] why [C] how [D] what
【答案】[D] what
【解析】該題考查的是語法知識。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)，可以判斷出空格處應(yīng)填從屬連詞引導(dǎo)從句;再根據(jù)句子的內(nèi)容，可以看出該從句是一項(xiàng)研究的相關(guān)內(nèi)容(what)，不是指研究的時(shí)間(when)， 原因(why)和方式(how)，因此，該題的答案為what。
2. [A] defended [B] concluded [C] withdrawn [D] advised
【答案】[B] concluded
【解析】從此題所在的句子的前后內(nèi)容可以判斷出，that is_______ 中的that是指第一句話的內(nèi)容(朋友與我們基因上的相關(guān)性)，很顯然是研究得出的結(jié)論。因此，答案為concluded。
3. [A] for [B] with [C] on [D] by
【答案】[C] on
【解析】根據(jù)空格所在句子的內(nèi)容(研究對1932分獨(dú)特的受試者進(jìn)行分析)判斷出進(jìn)行分析的對象是1932 unique subjects。conduct analysis on…是固定表達(dá)。
4. [A] compared [B] sought [C] separated [D] connected
【答案】[A] compared
【解析】該空格所在的句子是which 引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾study,意思是：對幾對基因不相關(guān)的朋友和陌生人進(jìn)行_______。因?yàn)?ldquo;研究”的內(nèi)容是關(guān)于朋友間基因上的相關(guān)性問題，所以完整的意思應(yīng)該是：對幾對基因不相關(guān)的朋友和陌生人進(jìn)行比較。所以最佳答案為compared。
5. [A] tests [B] objects [C]samples [D] examples
【答案】[C] samples
【解析】根據(jù)空格的前后內(nèi)容判斷，到第五個(gè)空為止，文章都在講實(shí)驗(yàn)過程，和實(shí)驗(yàn)對象，第五個(gè)空格所在句子的內(nèi)容是：相同的人們都用于實(shí)驗(yàn)中的這兩類 ______。所以根據(jù)上下文語境和內(nèi)容，應(yīng)該選與實(shí)驗(yàn)對象相對應(yīng)的samples(樣例).因此，答案是samples。
6. [A] insignificant [B] unexpected [C]unbelievable [D] incredible
【答案】[A] insignificant
【解析】空的語境為：盡管這1%看起來似乎____，但是遺傳學(xué)家可不這么認(rèn)為。空前后形成對比轉(zhuǎn)折的邏輯關(guān)系，而從后文列舉的例子中可知遺傳學(xué)家James Fowler對這1%基因的態(tài)度是肯定的，故答案為A。
7. [A] visit [B] miss [C] seek [D] know
【答案】[D] know
【解析】空的語境為：大多數(shù)人甚至不____他們隔三代的表親，但卻設(shè)法選擇那些____我們親戚的人作為朋友。填入的詞必須滿足前后句之間的轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯關(guān)系，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)帶入，只有D選項(xiàng)符合上下文語義。
8. [A] resemble [B] influence [C] favor [D] surpass
【答案】[A] resemble
【解析】空的語境為：大多數(shù)人甚至不認(rèn)識他們隔三代的表親，但卻設(shè)法選擇那些____我們親戚的人作為朋友。根據(jù)全文中心：基因上的相似性，可知本題選擇A。
9. [A] again [B] also [C] instead [D] thus
【答案】[B] also
【解析】空所在的句子開頭用“The study…”,顯然這是對上文話題的繼續(xù)闡述，前文指出研究發(fā)現(xiàn)朋友與我們有1%的基因關(guān)系，而空所在句“the genes for smell were something shared in friends”在進(jìn)一步詳細(xì)討論該話題，前后之間是順接關(guān)系，故答案為B。
10. [A] Meanwhile [B] Furthermore [C] Likewise [D] Perhaps
【答案】[D] Perhaps
【解析】從選項(xiàng)和文字中句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以判斷，空格處要求填入一個(gè)能夠體現(xiàn)前后兩個(gè)句子邏輯關(guān)系的副詞，空前的句子談到“為什么在嗅覺基因方面存在相似性還很難解釋”，空后卻緊接著對此得出一個(gè)相關(guān)結(jié)論，很明顯是矛盾的，所以此結(jié)論只能是一種不確定的推測，故答案為D。