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英語單詞組成句子方法
導語:方法一般是指為獲得某種東西或達到某種目的而采取的手段與行為方式。那么,如何用英語單詞組成句子呢?接下來,小編將要給你們介紹英語單詞組成句子方法,希望對你們有幫助!
英語單詞組成句子方法
句子是由主語、謂語動詞、表語、賓語、賓語補足語等組成的。英語句子有長有短,有簡有繁,似乎千變萬化,難以捉摸,但其實只有五種基本句型。所有英語句子都可以看成是這五種基本句型的擴大、組合、省略或倒裝。因此掌握這五大句型,是掌握其他各種英語句子結構的基礎。
英語句子依其組合方式可分為以下五種基本句型,句子成分的表示法為: S:Subject(主語), V:Verb(動詞),O:Object(賓語), IO : Indirect Object (間接賓語), DO: Direct Object (直接賓語) , P:Predicative(表語), OC: Object Complement(賓語補足語)。
五種基本句型見下表(S=主,V=謂,O=賓,P=表,IO=間賓 ,DO=直賓,OC=賓補):
種類 句型 例句
第1種 S+V We work. (不及物)
第2種 S+V+O He plays (及物) the piano.
第3種 S+V+P We are(系動詞) students.
第4種 S+V+IO+DO She gave(及物) me a pen.
第5種 S+V+O+OC He made(及物) the boy laugh.
一、 第1種句型:S+V(主語+不及物動詞)
1、Birds fly. 鳥飛。
主語+謂語 (不及物動詞)
2、He runs in the park. 他在公園里跑。
主語+謂語 +地點狀語 (不及物動詞)
此句型是“主語+不及物動詞”構成句子的主體部分。因為是不及物動詞,后面當然不能帶賓語了,但是可以有狀語來修飾。例如上面例句中的 in the park就是地點狀語。
3、Class begins.(begin在句中是不及物動詞)上課了。
比較:We begin our class at eight. 我們八點鐘開始上課。
該句則屬于第2種句型,begin在句中是及物動詞,由此可見有些動詞既可作及物動詞也可以作不及物動詞。
只能當不及物動詞的詞(必背。
sleep 睡覺 walk 步行 swim 游泳 happen(take place)發(fā)生
go去 come來 work 工作 laugh 笑 stay呆在…… arrive 到達
二、 第2種句型:S+V+O(主語+及物動詞+賓語)
My father read the book. 我父親讀過那本書.
主語 謂語 (及物動詞) 賓語
注意:有些不及物動詞后面加上介詞就可把它看成一個及物動詞,后面就可以加賓語了。如:
4、You must listen to me. 你必須聽我的。 (Listen是不及物動詞。但加上to之后,listen to可以看成一個及物動詞。)
可以帶賓語的動詞是及物動詞,可以充當賓語的有名詞和名詞的相當語(如代詞、不定式、動名詞及賓語從句)。 如:
5、She likes English. 她喜歡英語。(名詞作賓語)
6、I know him very well. 我非常了解他。(代詞作賓語) (同第一種句型一樣,本句型可以有狀語、定語修飾)
7、They want to go. 他們想走。(不定式作賓語)
8、He stopped writing. 他停下筆。(動名詞作賓語)
9、The teacher advised that we learn English well. 老師建議我們學好英語。(賓語從句)
三、 第3種句型:S+V+P (主語+系動詞+表語)
10、He became a scientist. 他成為一個科學家了。
主語 謂語 (系動詞) 表語
be動詞和become是英語中常見的系動詞,后面必須接表語,才能用來說明主語, 表示“……是……”,“……變成……”等意思。 表語通常是名詞或形容詞等。
11、They are honest. 他們是誠實的。
12、He became a scientist. 他成為了一個科學家。
13、 His face goes red. 他的臉變紅了。
14、 It grew dark. 天變黑了。
注意 :在英語中,除了be動詞和become屬于系動詞外,還有一些實義動詞在表示狀態(tài)存在或表示狀態(tài)變化時也可以作系動詞。
這些詞有: keep保持, look看起來, feel覺得, smell 聞起來,
sound 聽起來, taste 嘗起來,grow/get/go/turn 變得 remain 仍然是
四、 第4種句型:S+V+IO+DO (主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語)
15、He gave Tom a present. 他給了湯姆一件禮物。
主 謂(及物) 賓(間接) 賓(直接)
16、Give it to me. 把它給我。
謂(及物) 賓(直接) 賓(間接)
1)、及物動詞作謂語時,后面要跟賓語,賓語分直接賓語和間接賓語。直接賓語是及物動詞的直接對象(參見第2種句型)。但有些動詞,除了直接賓語外,還要求一個間接賓語,這個間接賓語通常是及物動詞的動作所涉及的人或物,也可以說是間接賓語表示動作是對誰做的,或是為誰做的,所以只能是名詞或賓格代詞擔當。
17、We sent them a telegram. 我們給他們打了個電報。
主 謂 賓(間接) 賓(直接)
。 必背。┏щp賓語(直接賓語和間接賓語)的動詞(分為A、B兩類):
A:動詞后加to: give 給 show給……看 send寄,打電報 bring帶……
read讀…… pass遞給…… lend借給…… leave留給…… hand交給…… tell告訴…… return把…還給… write給…寫信
B: 動詞后加for: buy給/為某人買… draw 替/給某人畫… make 為某人制作…
【秘訣】 “七給”“一帶”to不少, “買”“畫”“制作”for來了。
【說明】常跟雙賓語的動詞“七給”(give, hand,lend, pass, show, send, write)和“一帶”(bring)8個及物動詞,在直接賓語前置時,必須在后面加上to。即:“vt.+sth.+to+sb.”。buy,draw,make三個動詞,在直接賓語前置時,則必須在后面加for,構成“vt.+sth.+for+sb.”句型。
關于是否接to 或者接for ,一般都是語言習慣用法的問題,英文中習慣怎么用,就應該怎樣來用,沒有什么道理可講。 另外關于to, for 區(qū)分的基本原則: to (表示動作對什么人而做), for (表示動作為什么人而做) ,如: Read the first paragraph to me. 用to表示讀的動作是對我而做的。本句的意思是:把第一段讀給我聽。
五、 第5種句型:S+V+O+OC(主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語)
在此句型中的動詞,叫做可以跟復合賓語的動詞,在英語中,這樣的動詞也不多。后面的賓語補足語是說明賓語的情況的,賓語和賓語補足語一起被稱做復合賓語。這個句式是英語中比較復雜的一個句式,因為復合賓語的構成內容較多。下面句子中劃線部分為賓語補足語。
1. He found his new job boring. (形容詞做賓補)
2. The called their daughter Mary. (名詞做賓補)
3. This placed her in a very difficult position. (介詞短語做賓補)
4. We went to her house but found her out. (副詞做賓補)
5. What do you advise me to do?(不定式做賓補)
6. We thought him to be an honest man. (to be做賓補)
7. He believed them to have discussed the problem. (不定式的完成式做賓補)
8. He believed her to be telling the truth. (不定式的進行式做賓補)
9. Did you notice him come in?(不帶to的不定式做賓補)
【秘訣】 不定式,作賓補, 下列詞后省去to:
一“感”二“聽”四“看見” 外加三個“小使役”, 保你永遠會記住。
【說明】“一感”指feel!岸牎敝竓ear, listen to!八目匆姟敝竛otice, observe, see, watch。 三個“小使役”指have, let, make三個使役動詞。在這些動詞后有不定式作賓補時,不定式的符號to往往要省去。
10. I saw her chatting with Nancy. (現(xiàn)在分詞做賓補)
11. He watched the piano carried upstairs. (過去分詞做賓補) 注意:在這個結構中,可以出現(xiàn)用it做形式上的賓語,把真正的賓語放在賓語補足語的后面。在此結構中,賓語常常是動詞不定式或賓語從句。
1. He felt it his duty to mention this to her. 分析:it是形式賓語,his duty是賓語補足語,to mention this to her是真正的賓語。
2. I think it best that you should stay with us. 分析:it是形式賓語,best是賓語補足語,that you should stay with us是真正的賓語。
注意:
1. 習慣用語的使用 在英語中,有很多動詞習慣用語,在學習的過程中,要注意它們的使用,不必分析單獨每個詞的使用。 例: We are short of money. (be short of中short做表語)
She is always making trouble for her friends. (trouble做make的賓語)
He has carried out our instructions to the letter. (our instructions做詞組carry out的賓語)
We are waiting for the rain to stop. (wait for后面的the rain是賓語,to stop是賓語補足語)
2. 在英語中,大多數(shù)動詞既可以做及物動詞又可以做不及物動詞,而且還會有一些固定詞組,因此一個動詞可以用于幾種句型。 例:ask:
、 Did you ask the price?(直接接名詞做賓語)
、 She asked them their names. (接雙賓語)
、 I asked James to buy some bread. (接賓語加不定式做賓語補足語)
、 I asked to speak to Fred. (接不定式做賓語)
、 Didn't you ask him in?(在此句中和副詞in連用) ⑥ He has asked for an interview with the President. (組成固定詞組ask for)
3. There be句型是一種特殊的'句子,真正的主語在后面,含義為“有……”
① 謂語動詞和主語保持一致:There is a television in the sitting room.
、 有兩個或更多的主語時,動詞一般和最近的一個保持一致:There are two girls and a boy dancing in the hall.
、 主語的后面有時有修飾語:There are a lot of difficulties facing us. There were many things to be done. (此處也可以使用to do).
、 謂語動詞be可以有時態(tài)的變化: There will be a concert in the park tonight. There was little change in him.
、 謂語也可以有不定式構成的復合謂語。 There used to be a cinema here. There seems to be something the matter with her. Is there going to be any activity tonight?
、 there be句式變疑問句,把be提前;變翻譯疑問句也要借助there。 Is there any hope of getting the job? There is nothing wrong with your watch,is there?
、 there be句型中也可以使用諸如:live,follow,come,stand,sit,exist等不及物動詞: Once upon a time, there lived a fisherman on the island. There came a knock at the door. At the top of the hill there stands an old temple.
、 用于非謂語的情況下,有時用不定式的復合結構there to be或動名詞的復合結構和獨立主格結構there being: You wouldn't want there to be another war. (不定式的復合結構) The teacher was satisfied with there being no mistakes in his homework. (動名詞的復合結構) There being nothing else to do,we went home. (獨立主格結構)
■鞏固性練習■: 請判斷下列句子的結構類型
1. He is running.
2. The loud voice from the upstairs made him angry.
3. The little boy is asking the teacher all kinds of questions.
4. She seemed angry.
5. My father bought me a beautiful present.
6. Why do you keep your eyes closed?
7. Will you tell us an exciting story?
8. We must keep our classroom tidy and clean.
9. I heard the baby crying in the sitting room. 10. Can you push the window open?
Health 1.健康的重要性。 2.如何保持身體健康。 3.健康比財富還重要。
It is clear that health is the foundation of one's future success. If you get sick, it is nearly impossible to pursue your career effectively, much less make your dreams come true. On the other hand, if you are stout and strong, you can go all out to overcome the obstacles that lie ahead of you.
Now that we know that health is the source of our energy, what should we do to maintain and enhance our health? First, we should exercise every day to strengthen our muscles. Second, we should keep regular reasonable hours. If we get up early, we can breathe fresh air. This habit can do wonders in our life. Third, there is a proverb that says, "Prevention is better than cure."
In short, health is more important than wealth. Those who are rich but love their health are no more fortunate than those who are poor. If you want your wish to come true, you should do exercise and keep fit. Health is the most important ingredient of your success. 健康
健康是一個人未來成功的基礎,這是顯而易見的。如果你患了病,要想有效地成就一生的事業(yè)簡直是不可能的,更不必說夢想成真了。另一方面,如果你身強力壯,你可以全力以赴克服面前的障礙
既然我們知道健康是能量的源泉,那么,我們該怎樣保持和增強健康呢?首先,我們應該每天鍛煉身體以強壯肌肉。其次,我們要保持規(guī)律的生活。如果早起,我們可以呼吸新鮮空氣。這個習慣能在我們的生命中產生奇跡。再次,有一句諺語說得好:“預防勝于治療!
總之,健康比財富更重要。失去健康的富人并不比窮人好。如果你想要愿望成真,就應鍛煉身體,保持健康。健康是你成功的最重要的組成部分。
The desire for good health is universal. In our competitive society it is important to maintain good health. On the one hand, people with good health can do work with full confidence and their progress in work in turn contributes to their health and happiness. On the other hand, a sick person is usually not interested in everything around him and therefore he loses many opportunities to become successful.
There are many ways to keep it. First, those who are always on the go from morning till night should find time to relax because too much stress will affect their health. Second, enough time should be left for sleep because that will help one become rested and refreshed. Finally, regular physical exercises benefit one's health a lot. So one should always keep in mind that a certain amount of exercise is not a waste of time
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