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初中英語句子成分知識
英語句子是英語語言運(yùn)用的基本單位。無論是中考還是高考,英語重點(diǎn)考查的是同學(xué)們的語言綜合能力和對基礎(chǔ)知識的運(yùn)用。以下是小編為大家收集的初中英語句子成分知識,希望對大家有所幫助。
初中英語句子成分知識
1.主語:是句子要說明的人或事物,是句子的主體,一般由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式或動(dòng)名詞等充當(dāng)。如:
The car is running fast.(名詞)
We are students.(代詞)
One of my classmates is from Shanghai.(數(shù)詞)
Its bad manners to spit in public.(不定式)
Eating too much is bad for your health.(動(dòng)名詞)
【注意】若不定式短語作主語常用it作形式主語,而把真正的主語(不定式短語)放在句后。
2.謂語:說明主語的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),也是句子的主體部分,一般由動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)。動(dòng)詞分為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、連系動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞。實(shí)義動(dòng)詞單獨(dú)作謂語,連系動(dòng)詞與表語一起構(gòu)成謂語,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與省略to的不定式構(gòu)成合成謂語,助動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞原形共同構(gòu)成謂語部分。如:
He works in a factory.(實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)
I felt cold.(系動(dòng)詞+表語)
How can I get to the station?(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)
Do you speak English?(助動(dòng)詞+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)
They are working in a field.(助動(dòng)詞+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)
【注意】謂語與主語在人稱與數(shù)方面要相互照應(yīng)。
3.賓語:是及物動(dòng)詞所涉及的對象,一般由名詞、代詞、不定式及動(dòng)名詞等充當(dāng)。如:
He is doing his homework.(名詞)
They did nothing this morning.(代詞)
She wants to go home.(不定式)
We enjoy playing football.(動(dòng)名詞)
【注意】
、儆械膭(dòng)詞可接雙賓語,間接賓語指人,直接賓語指物。這類動(dòng)詞常見的有:give,buy,lend,pass, tell,leave等。如:
He bought me a book.
Pass me the ball,will you?(間賓+直賓)
直接賓語一般放在間接賓語之后,但若把直接賓語放在前面,則要在間接賓語前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~如to或 for等。如:
Han Chen lent some money to Li Hai.(直賓+間賓)
Xiao Liu bought a dictionary for Tom.(直賓+間賓)
②有的動(dòng)詞常用不定式作賓語,而不能用動(dòng)名詞。這類動(dòng)詞有:want,wish, hope,promise,decide,agree, choose,care等。如:
I hope to see you again.
、塾械膭(dòng)詞一般只用動(dòng)名詞作賓語,而不用不定式。這類動(dòng)詞有:enjoy,finish,mind,practise,miss, suggest,keep(on)等。如:
Do you mind my opening the window?
、苡械膭(dòng)詞后接不定式與動(dòng)名詞含義不同。
a)forget to do表示“未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作”,forget doing表示“已完成的動(dòng)作”。如:
Dont forget to come here earlier tomorrow.(還沒來)
I forgot returning the book to him.(書已還給他了)
b)stop to do(不定式為狀語)表示“停下
原來的事,去做另一件事”,stop doing表示“停止做某事”。如:
I stopped to talk with him.(我停下來與他談話。)
The students stopped talking when the teacher came in.(老師進(jìn)來時(shí)學(xué)生們停止談話。)
4.定語:用于修飾名詞或代詞,一般由形容詞、名詞、數(shù)詞、不定式等充當(dāng)。如:
What a beautiful kite it is!(形容詞)
She is a chemistry teacher.(名詞)
There are two students in the classroom.(數(shù)詞)
We have something to do tomorrow.(不定式)
The man in blue is my brother.(介詞短語)
【注意】定語一般位于被修飾詞之前,但若修飾不定代詞或不定式等短語作定語,則放在后面。
5.狀語:用于修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或全句,一般由副詞、介詞短語、不定式短語或從句充當(dāng)。單個(gè)副詞作狀語一般放在被修飾詞之前,短語或從句放在句首或句末。如:
Thank you very much.(副詞)
I get up at five in the morning.(介詞短語)
He is studying hard so as to catch up with others.(不定式短語)
We were having breakfast when the telephone rang.(從句)
【注意】enough作狀語只能放在被修飾詞之后。如:
He is old enough to go to school.
6.表語:用于說明主語的身份、特征或感受,一般由名詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、分詞等充當(dāng)。常用的連系動(dòng)詞有:be,look,get,sound(聽起來),feel,become, smell,turn,taste(嘗起來)等。如:
They are workers.(名詞)
Two and three is five.(數(shù)詞)
The story is very interesting.(形容詞)
M y job(工作)is teaching English.(動(dòng)名詞)
She is at home.(介詞短語)
I feel terrible.(形容詞)
The dish tastes delicious.(形容詞)
7.賓語補(bǔ)足語:用于補(bǔ)充說明賓語的動(dòng)作,一般位于賓語之后,賓語與賓語補(bǔ)足語一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。需接復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞有:tell,let,help,teach, ask,see,have,order,make等!百e補(bǔ)”一般由不定式短語、分詞、名詞、形容詞等充當(dāng)。如:
We elected him monitor.(名詞)
I found it difficult to learn English well.(形容詞)
The doctor told me to do more exercise.(不定式短語)
He is going to have his hair cut.(過去分詞)
They saw a bird flying in the sky.(現(xiàn)在分詞)
定語從句
一、定語從句的概念
在復(fù)合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞,定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。
二、定語從句的關(guān)系詞
引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞,常見的關(guān)系代詞包括that, which, who(賓格whom,所有格whose)等,關(guān)系副詞包括where, when, why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞及定語從句之間起連接作用,同時(shí)又作定語從句的重要成分。
三、定語從句的分類
根據(jù)定語從句與先行詞的關(guān)系,定語從句可分為限制性定語從句及非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句緊跟先行詞,主句與從句不用逗號分開,從句不可省去,非限制性定語從句主句與從句之間有逗號分開,起補(bǔ)充說明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
四、關(guān)系代詞的用法
1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語或賓語,作主語時(shí)不可省略,作賓語可省略。例如:
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂。(that作主語)
The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍(lán)色的。(that作賓語)
2.which用于指物,在句中作主語或賓語,作主語不可省略,作賓語可省略。例如:
The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火車站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。(作主語)
The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。(作賓語)
3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主語,whom用作賓語。在口語中,有時(shí)可用who代替whom,也可省略。例如:
The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.經(jīng)常在英語方面幫助我的那個(gè)女孩是英國人。(作主語)
Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to?正在與李明談話的老師是誰?(作賓語)
注意:(1)當(dāng)定語從句中含有介詞,介詞放在句末時(shí),who, that, which可省略,但介詞在關(guān)系代詞前時(shí),只能用“介詞+which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:
This is the house in which we lived last year.這是我們?nèi)ツ昃幼〉姆孔印?/p>
Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.請告訴我你從誰那借的這本英文小說。
。2)含有介詞的固定動(dòng)詞詞組中,介詞不可前置,只能放在原來的位置上。例如:
This is the person whom you are looking for. 這就是你要找的那個(gè)人。
。3)that 作介詞的賓語時(shí),介詞不能放它的前面,只能放在從句中動(dòng)詞的后面。例如:
The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常遠(yuǎn)。
。4)關(guān)系詞只能用that的情況:
a. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級所修飾,或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時(shí),只能用that,而不用which.例如:
He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一個(gè)通過考試的人。
b.被修飾的先行詞為all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代詞時(shí),只能用that,而不用which.例如:
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎?
c.先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等詞修飾時(shí),只能用that,而不用which.例如:
This is the same bike that I lost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車。
d. 先行詞里同時(shí)含有人或物時(shí),只能用that, 而不用which.例如:
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚記得我在那個(gè)房間所見到的人和一些照片。
e.以who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句,為避免重復(fù),只能用that.例如:
Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那個(gè)女孩是誰?
f.主句是there be 結(jié)構(gòu),修飾主語的定語從句用that,而不用which.例如:
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本書是湯姆的。
。5)關(guān)系詞只能用which,而不用that 的情況:
a.先行詞為that, those時(shí),用which, 而不用that.例如:
What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些東西是什么?
b.關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí),一般用which,而不用that.例如:
This is the room in which he lives. 這是他居住的房間。
c.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,用which, 而不用that.例如:
Tom came back, which made us happy. 湯姆回來了,這使我們很高興。
五、關(guān)系副詞的用法
。1)when指時(shí)間,其先行詞表示時(shí)間,在句中作時(shí)間狀語。例如:
This was the time when he arrived.這是他到達(dá)的時(shí)間。
。2)where指地點(diǎn),其先行詞表示地點(diǎn),在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。例如:
This is place where he works.這是他工作的地點(diǎn)。
(3)why 指原因,其先行詞是原因,起原因狀語作用。例如:
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 沒人知道他為什么上學(xué)總遲到。
單項(xiàng)填空。
1. -Do you know the man ______is talking with your father?
-Yes, he’s our headmaster.
A. he B. who C. which D. whom
2. Is this the river _____I can swim?
A. which B. in which C. that D. the one
3. This is the best hotel in the city _____I know.
A. where B. which C. that D. it
4. Can you lend me the dictionary ______the other day?
A. that you bought B. you bought it
C. that you bought it D. which you bought it
5. Anyone ______with what I said may put up you hands.
A. which agrees B. who agree
C. who agrees D. which agree
6. My watch is not the only thing ______ is missing.
A. that B. it C. which who
7. The man ______coat is black is waiting at the gate
A. who’s B. whose C. that of which.
8. The girl ______ is reading under the tree _____my sister.
A. which; is B. whom; was C. who; is D. who; was
9. I love places ______the people are really friendly.
A. that B. which C. where D. who
10. The world ______ is made up of matter.
A. in that we live B. on which we live
C. where we live in D. we live in
、. 用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞that, which, who, whom填空。
1. The first thing ______you must do is to have a meal.
2. April 1st is the day _____is called April Fool’s Day in the west.
3. The family _____had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.
4. The house _____we live in is very old.
5. Didn’t you see the man ______I talked with just now?
參考答案:
I. 1-5BBCAC 6-10 ABCCD
、. 1. that 2. which / that 3. who / that 4. that / which 5. who/ whom/ that
通過上述的講解再對下面的習(xí)題進(jìn)行練習(xí),以鞏固自己所學(xué)到的東西。
初中英語語法大全:動(dòng)詞的種類
關(guān)于英語中動(dòng)詞的種類知識,希望同學(xué)們很好的掌握下面的內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí)。
動(dòng)詞的種類
動(dòng)詞是表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的詞,按其詞義和在句子中的作用可分為行為動(dòng)詞,連系動(dòng)詞,助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。
1.行為動(dòng)詞
行為動(dòng)詞可分為及物動(dòng)詞 (vt)和不及物動(dòng)詞(vi),及物動(dòng)詞表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),有完整的詞義,能單獨(dú)作謂語,后跟賓語;不及物動(dòng)詞表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),有完整的詞義,能單獨(dú)作謂語,但后面不能直接跟賓語,如要帶賓語則與介詞或副詞構(gòu)成短語。
如:
More and more people study English.(vt)
The students are listening to the teacher carefully.(vi)
2.連系動(dòng)詞
連系動(dòng)詞本身有一定的詞義,但不能獨(dú)立作謂語,必須與表語一起構(gòu)成謂語。常用的連系動(dòng)詞有 be, get, turn, become, look, feel, grow, seem, sound, taste, smell等。
如:
Our country is becoming stronger and stronger.
It feels damp.
3.助動(dòng)詞
助動(dòng)詞本身無詞義,不能單獨(dú)作謂語,只能和主要?jiǎng)釉~一起構(gòu)成謂語動(dòng)詞,表示否定,疑問及動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)等語法特征,助動(dòng)詞有 be,do,have,shall,will等。
如:
How do you usually come to school?
The children are playing yo-yo now.
4.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身有一定的意義,但不能獨(dú)立作謂語,只能和主要?jiǎng)釉~原形一起構(gòu)成謂語,表示說話人的語氣和情態(tài)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有 can (could),may(might),must, need, ought to, dare等。
如:
Can I help you?
- Must we go now? -No, you neednt .
a. can與be able to的用法有所區(qū)別。can只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過去時(shí),指本身有能力的"能";be able to用于各種時(shí)態(tài)均可,指須經(jīng)過努力而"能"。
b. must與have/has to的用法。must表示說話人主觀認(rèn)為"必須",只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般將來時(shí);have/has to表示客觀需要,意為"不得不",它可用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。
c.need和dare既可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也可作行為動(dòng)詞。
以上對動(dòng)詞的種類知識的內(nèi)容講解學(xué)習(xí),相信同學(xué)們已經(jīng)能很好的掌握了吧,希望同學(xué)們在考試中取得很好的成績。
初中英語語法大全:動(dòng)詞不定式的形式
對于英語的學(xué)習(xí)中,關(guān)于動(dòng)詞不定式的形式知識點(diǎn)的內(nèi)容,我們做下面的講解學(xué)習(xí)哦。
動(dòng)詞不定式的形式
1.作主語。 如:
To learn English is very important.
但實(shí)際上不定式作主語常用 it來作形式主語,而將不定式移至謂語動(dòng)詞后作真正的主語。
如上句可表達(dá)為:
Its very important to learn English.
2.作表語。 如:
My idea is to ring him up at once.
3.作賓語。 如:
I have decided to go to Binjiang Primary School.
4.作賓語補(bǔ)足語。
a. ask, want, teach, tell, know, would like, allow等動(dòng)詞后面接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。
如: The policemen asked him to get off the bus.
b. hear, see, look at, feel, watch, notice, listen to等動(dòng)詞后接不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。
如: We often see Miss Li clean the classroom.
c. let, make, have這些使役動(dòng)詞后接不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。但在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中這些不帶to的都須帶上to。
如: In those days the bosses often made the workers work day and night.
d.動(dòng)詞help接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語,可帶to也可不帶to。
如: Can you help me (to) carry the heavy bag?
5.作定語。
a.與被修飾詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如:I have something important to tell you.但如果不定式動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞,后面的介詞千萬不要省略。
如: Maybe they have three rooms to live in.
b.與被修飾詞有主謂關(guān)系。
如: Mr Liang is always the first to come and the last to leave.
c.與被修飾之間只有修飾關(guān)系。
如: I have no time to play cards.
6.作狀語,表示目的、原因、方法、方向、結(jié)果等。
如: Ill go to meet my friend at the railway station.
7.不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)"for sb. to do sth" 作主語時(shí),常用"It is +adj+ for
of sb. to do sth"的句式。形容詞good, bad, polite, unkind, kind, ice, clever,
right, wrong, careful等用"It is +adj +of sb. to do sth."
其他形容詞用 for。
如:
Its dangerous for you to ride so fast.
Its very kind of you to help me.
8.動(dòng)詞不定式與疑問句who, what, which, when, how, where, whether等連用。
如: I dont know when to start.
He didnt tell me where to go.
但上面結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)從句,故上述句子也可表達(dá)為:
I dont know when well start.
He didnt tell me where he would go.
注意:
a.有些動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語不能帶不定式,只能接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式。
如: enjoy, finish, keep, mind, miss(錯(cuò)過),be busy, go on, keep on, be worth, practise等。
如: The peasants are busy picking apples.
Would you mind my opening the door?
b.有些動(dòng)詞后可接不定式,也可接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式,但意思不同。
如: Lu Jian forgot to post the letter.(該寄但還沒做)
Lu Jian forgot posting the letter.(已經(jīng)寄過信了)
They stopped to sing a song.(停止在做的工作而去做另一件工作)
They stopped singing.(停止正在做的工作)
希望上面對動(dòng)詞不定式的形式知識的內(nèi)容講解學(xué)習(xí),同學(xué)們都能很好的掌握,相信同學(xué)們會取得很好的成績的哦。
初中英語語法大全:短語動(dòng)詞的四種類型
同學(xué)們認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí),下面是老師對短語動(dòng)詞的四種類型知識總結(jié)。
短語動(dòng)詞的四種類型
動(dòng)詞與介詞、副詞等構(gòu)成的固定短語,叫短語動(dòng)詞。主要有四類:
一、動(dòng)詞+副詞
有的一般不跟賓語,如go ahead, fall behind, get up, lie down, go up, run out, give in, stay up等;有的可以跟賓語,如put out, carry out, give up, wake up, check in, eat up, fill in, find out, fix up, hand in, mix up, look up, make out, turn down, work out等。
注意:賓語是名詞時(shí),放在副詞前面或后面都可以,但若作賓語的是人稱代詞時(shí),就只能放在動(dòng)詞和副詞之間了。如:
We’ve decided to put the meeting off (=put off the meeting) . 我們決定把會議推遲。
We’ve decided to put it off. 我們決定將它推遲。(不說put off it)
二、動(dòng)詞+介詞
如ask for, care for, call for, break into, deal with, call on, look for等。后面必須接賓語。如:
I don’t care for tea. 我不喜歡喝茶。
三、動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞
如look forward to, put up with, looked up to, go in for, go along with, date back to, look down on, keep up with, add up to, run out of等。如:
She soon caught up with us. 她很快趕上了我們。
四、動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞
如take care of, pay attention to, make use of, make contribution to做出貢獻(xiàn)等。如:
Take care of your brother while I am away. 我不在的時(shí)候,你要照顧好你弟弟。
希望上面老師對短語動(dòng)詞的四種類型知識的講解學(xué)習(xí),同學(xué)們都能很好的掌握,相信同學(xué)們會學(xué)習(xí)的很好的哦。
初中英語語法大全:及物動(dòng)詞與不及物動(dòng)詞
關(guān)于英語中及物動(dòng)詞與不及物動(dòng)詞的知識學(xué)習(xí),我們做下面的內(nèi)容講解。
及物動(dòng)詞與不及物動(dòng)詞
根據(jù)其后是否帶賓語,動(dòng)詞可分為及物動(dòng)詞(帶賓語)和不及物動(dòng)詞(不帶賓語)。如:
When will he arrive? 他什么時(shí)候到?(arrive 不帶賓語,為不及物動(dòng)詞)
He reached Beijing yesterday. 他昨天到達(dá)北京。(reach 帶了賓語,為及物動(dòng)詞)
有的動(dòng)詞既可用作及物動(dòng)詞也可用作不及物動(dòng)詞:
The child is playing. 這小孩在玩。(不及物用法)
The child is playing the piano. 這小孩在彈鋼琴。(及物用法)
He is writing. 他在寫字。(不及物用法)
He is writing a letter. 他在寫信。(及物用法)
The boy is reading. 這男孩在閱讀。 (不及物用法)
The boy is reading a magazine. 這男孩在看雜志。(及物用法)
上面對及物動(dòng)詞與不及物動(dòng)詞知識的內(nèi)容講解學(xué)習(xí),希望給同學(xué)們的學(xué)習(xí)很好的幫助,相信同學(xué)們會學(xué)習(xí)的更好的吧。
初中英語語法大全:實(shí)義動(dòng)詞與非實(shí)義動(dòng)詞
下面是對英語中實(shí)義動(dòng)詞與非實(shí)義動(dòng)詞知識的內(nèi)容講解,希望同學(xué)們很好的掌握。
實(shí)義動(dòng)詞與非實(shí)義動(dòng)詞
根據(jù)其含義和句子功用,動(dòng)詞可分為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞和非實(shí)義動(dòng)詞(包括時(shí)態(tài)助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞等)。如:
He bought a story book. 他買了一本故事書。(buy 為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)
He has read the story book. 他已讀過這本故事書。(has 為時(shí)態(tài)助動(dòng)詞,read為實(shí)意動(dòng)詞)
He should read the story book. 他應(yīng)該讀讀這本故事書。(should 為情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞,red為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)
上面對實(shí)義動(dòng)詞與非實(shí)義動(dòng)詞知識的內(nèi)容講解學(xué)習(xí),相信同學(xué)們已經(jīng)能很好的掌握了吧,希望同學(xué)們考試成功。
初中英語作文之謂語語法知識
(1)由“不及物動(dòng)詞”、“及物動(dòng)詞+賓語”或“系動(dòng)詞+表語”等構(gòu)成,說明主語所表示的人物“干什么”或“怎么樣”。如:
He travelled in space for the first time.(他首次在太空旅行。) / Who teaches you English this year?(今年誰教你們的英語?) / The pizza has gone bad. (那塊烤餡餅已經(jīng)變壞。) /
(2)謂語動(dòng)詞必須反映出人稱、單復(fù)數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)等信息,謂語動(dòng)詞往往由下列詞語依序排列構(gòu)成:[情態(tài)動(dòng)詞]+[時(shí)態(tài)助動(dòng)詞]+[語態(tài)助動(dòng)詞]+[主要?jiǎng)釉~](不一定全部出現(xiàn))。(見動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)構(gòu)成表) 記。褐^語部分第一個(gè)動(dòng)詞往往是變形動(dòng)詞。如:
I am sorry I am making so much noise but I have to. (對不起我發(fā)出了太大的聲音但是只能這樣。) / He can’t have finished reading the 800-page-long novel. (他不可能讀完了那本長達(dá)800頁的小說。) / Something must be done to stop the fowl flu from spreading out. (該采取措施防止禽流感蔓延。)
(3)謂語動(dòng)詞切忌用“行為動(dòng)詞1 + 原形動(dòng)詞”、“be + 原形動(dòng)詞”。
記住使用下列正確形式:
、偾閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞+原形動(dòng)詞。如:You’d better go over the lesson.(你最好復(fù)習(xí)這一課。)
、趕hall/ will/ would+原形動(dòng)詞。如:They should have been there once.(他們應(yīng)該去過那兒。)
、踒e+現(xiàn)在分詞或者過去分詞。如:What are you doing this evening?(今晚你打算做什么?)/ Many trees have been cut down since 1970s.(自從20世紀(jì)70年代大批樹木被砍伐。)
④have+過去分詞。如:Many trees have been cut down since 1970s.(意思同上)
、菀话銜r(shí)問句和否定句中:do/does/did+原形動(dòng)詞。如:He does not enjoy himself very much.(他日子過的不好。)/ Did any of you see dinosaur eggs?(你們當(dāng)中有誰見過恐龍蛋嗎?)
、扌袨閯(dòng)詞1+行為動(dòng)詞2 (不定式、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞等形式)。如:He made up his mind to be a vet.(他拿定主意要做個(gè)獸醫(yī)。)/ Feeling good about yourself is essential to feeling good about life.(自尊自愛是享受生活的根本。)/ They wake up the other family members, calling,“Merry Christmas!”(他們叫醒家庭的其他成員,呼喊著:圣誕快樂。/ The kings of ancient Egypt had strong tombs built for themselves.(古代的埃及國王讓人給他們自己修建堅(jiān)固的墳?zāi)埂#?/p>
(4)不可用形容詞、名詞、代詞、副詞、介詞短語等獨(dú)立作謂語,必須在此之前加連系動(dòng)詞。
(5)謂語動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式:單數(shù)形式的動(dòng)詞有:is,was,has,does以及“動(dòng)詞+s”;復(fù)數(shù)形式的動(dòng)詞有:are,were,have以及動(dòng)詞原形。其他動(dòng)詞不分單、復(fù)數(shù)。
記。褐髡Z、謂語單復(fù)數(shù)必須保持一致。
Air and water is necessary to us all.(空氣和水對于我們大家是必不可少的。)
(6)一般問句和反意問句的回答不使用行為動(dòng)詞,應(yīng)該使用“是”動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞(be,will,have,do以及變形)。如:The Olympic Games is held every other year, isn’t it? ----Yes, it is.(奧運(yùn)會每兩年舉辦一次,是嗎?----是的。)
簡單句的九大基本句型
1. “主語 + 謂語”(即“主謂”句型)
這一句型英漢語言結(jié)構(gòu)形式完全相同,說明“某人或某物如何動(dòng)作”,或者說“某人或某物自身怎樣運(yùn)動(dòng)”。
例:They arrived in Harbin yesterday morning.
分析:“他們”(主語)“到了”(謂語動(dòng)作)。
The earth turns around the sun.地球圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)。
The sun rises in the east, and sets in the west.太陽東升西落。
2. “主語 + 謂語 + 賓語”(即“主謂賓”句型)
這一句型英漢語言的結(jié)構(gòu)形式完全相同,用以說明“某人或某物做什么事情”,或者說“某人或某物發(fā)出了動(dòng)作,并且其動(dòng)作涉及到另一個(gè)人或物”。
例:I study English.
分析:“我”(主語)“學(xué)習(xí)”(謂語動(dòng)作)“英語”(賓語即動(dòng)作涉及的對象)。
I like swimming.我喜歡游泳。
3. “主語 + 謂語 + 間接賓語 + 直接賓語”(即“主謂雙賓”句型)
這一句型英漢語序結(jié)構(gòu)相同,說明“某人為誰(間接賓語為人)做某事”,或者說“某人或物的運(yùn)動(dòng)涉及到兩個(gè)對象,其中一個(gè)間接對象為人,另一個(gè)為物”。
例:Our teacher taught us English.
分析:“我們的老師”(主語)“教”(謂語動(dòng)作)“我們”(間接賓語)“英語”(直接賓語)。
4. “主語 + 謂語 + 賓語 + 賓語補(bǔ)足語”(即“主謂賓補(bǔ)”句型)
這一句型說明“某人或某物要求(使、讓)某人做什么”或“某人感覺某人或物怎么樣”。
例: He asked her to go there.
分析:“他”(主語)“要求”(謂語動(dòng)作)“她”(賓語即動(dòng)作涉及的對象)“去那里”(補(bǔ)語—補(bǔ)充說明賓語應(yīng)做什么)。
5. “主語 + have + 賓語”(即“擁有”句型)
這一句型主要用于說明“某人或某物擁有什么(賓語,即有形或無形的資源)”。
例: You have a nice watch. 你有一塊漂亮的手表
分析:“你”擁有一塊漂亮的手表,即你擁有一個(gè)可以及時(shí)且漂亮的器具。
6. “There + be + 主語+ …”(即“存在”句型)
這一句型用以說明“在某地或某時(shí)存在某人或物”。
例:There is a bird in the tree. 在樹上有一只鳥。
分析:“在樹上”(地點(diǎn))“有一只鳥”(存在物)。
7. “主語 + 系動(dòng)詞+ 表語”(即“主系表”句型)
這一句型用以說明“某人(某物、某事、某種概念)具有什么特征或處于什么狀態(tài)”。漢語的“是”字結(jié)構(gòu)屬于這一英語句型的形式之一。常用的聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞有be, keep,lie, remain, stand, become, fall, get, go, grow, turn, look, feel, seem, smell, sound, taste, 等。
例: I am a teacher. 我是一名老師
分析:“我”(主語)“是”(系動(dòng)詞)“一名老師”(表語—即表明主語的身份)。
She felt very tired. 她感覺到很累。
He became an engineer.他成為了一名工程師。
You look pale today, are you ill? 你今天臉色看起來蒼白,病了嗎?
8. 比較句型
這一句型用以比較物質(zhì)甲與乙之間的異同。
1) 相等比較: …as + 形容詞/副詞原級 + as…;
…as + 形容詞+名詞 + as…
例:He is as rich as John.他和約翰一樣富有。
例:He has as much money as she dooes.他和她的錢一樣多
2) 劣等比較: …less + 形容詞/副詞原級 + than …
例:He is less careful than she. 他沒她細(xì)心。
3) 優(yōu)等比較:…+ 形容詞/副詞比較級 + than… ;
…the + 形容詞/副詞比較級 + of the two…
例:She is more careful than he.她比他細(xì)心多了。
例: He is the cleverer of the two boys.兩個(gè)男孩中他更聰明些。
4)最高級:the + 形容詞/副詞最高級(單數(shù)名詞或one)+ {of(among) + 人或物}
{in + 場所}
例: He is the tallest in the class.他是班上最高的。
9. “it + is/was + 形容詞 + to do/從句”(即評價(jià)句型)
這一句型用于說明“某一動(dòng)作或事情屬于什么性質(zhì)或具有什么特征”。即對某一動(dòng)作或事情進(jìn)行評價(jià)。(這里it 是形式主語,真正的主語是 to do 結(jié)構(gòu)或 that 從句)
例:It is important to learn a foreign language.學(xué)習(xí)一門外語很重要。
分析:本句重在說明“學(xué)習(xí)一門外語”(to learn a foreign language)這一動(dòng)作的性質(zhì)是“重要的”。
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