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感恩節(jié)的來歷英文版
感恩節(jié)是北美洲獨(dú)有的節(jié)日，始于1621年。1863年，美國總統(tǒng)林肯將它定為國家假日，并且規(guī)定每年11月的第四個(gè)星期四為美國的感恩節(jié)。感恩節(jié)有四天假期。借著長假，很多人都會趕回家慶祝佳節(jié)，所以，美國感恩節(jié)的熱鬧程度絕不亞于中國的中秋節(jié)。2014年的感恩節(jié)是：2014年11月27日。以下是關(guān)于感恩節(jié)的英文介紹。
The Story of American Thanksgiving
(Contributed by Bing Wei, Granny Betty's Story Time )
每逢11月第四個(gè)星期四，美國人迎來了自己最重要的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日感恩節(jié)。感恩節(jié)，原是清教徒為感謝上天賜與的好收成，同時(shí)，也表達(dá)了新英格蘭“移民”對印第安土著居民最初的謝意。如今，這一傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日更多意味著合家團(tuán)聚。下文以歷史為脈絡(luò)，探究了感恩節(jié)的淵源，并把目光鎖定在1621年翔實(shí)的感恩“盛宴”上。閱讀完文字，別忘點(diǎn)擊附帶的小測試。
Theorigin of the Thanksgiving Day
Thanksgiving Day is an American holiday and not celebrated in continental Europe. On the fourth Thursday of each November, familiesand friends gather together for the occasion to celebrate with a traditionalturkey dinner, usually in the mid-afternoon. Thanksgiving originated as acelebration of the year's harvest and is similar to the Mid-Autumn Festival inChina.
This American tradition started in 1621 before theUnited States of Americawas established. It was a huge celebration for a hard-earned harvest the firstyear after arriving in the New World.
OnSeptember 6, 1620, the Mayflower ship set sail from Plymouth, Devon, England,taking all the English Pilgrims(清教徒)tothe New World. The English Pilgrims numbered about a hundred people, and leftEnglandtoescape religious persecution. Their voyage to the New World was financed by Merchant Adventurers, an English investorgroup.
ThePilgrims sailed sixty-six days, arrived in the New Worldin November of the same year. They first settled in a cornfield abandoned byNative Indians and named it Plymouth Plantation.
Theyworked on the land with much difficulty and were beset by a devastating plaguein which half of the Pilgrim died in the long winter of 1620. In the spring of1621, an Indian brave named Squanto and her Wampanoag(瓦帕濃人，北美印第安人阿爾琴族一部落)tribecame to their help. The tribe taught the Pilgrims how to work the earth andplant corn, beans, pumpkins, squash and other crops.
The Thanksgiving feast in 1621
In late September 1621, the Pilgrimswere pleased with their great harvest. To celebrate their first harvest, thePilgrims wanted to thank God and the Native Indian. They invited Squanto andthe entire Wampanoag tribe that celebrate together in a shared feast.
It was said about ninety Wampanoag turned up, much to the surprise of thePilgrims, whose population had shrunk to no more than 50. The chief of the tribehad his men hunt five deer to bring to the feast. The first Thanksgiving dinnerhad an elaborate menu with venison, wild turkey, goose, duck, crane, swan, andother waterfowl; they also has local seafood: clams, lobsters, mussels, salmon,cod, bass, herring, shad, bluefish, lots of eel and oysters. They also cookedplenty of vegetables, among them squash, pumpkins and beans were the mostpopular.
They ate raspberries, strawberries, grapes, plums, cherries, blueberries,walnuts, chestnuts, acorns, hickory and ground nuts, wheat flour, Indian cornand corn meal and they made beer out of barley. The pumpkin pudding was laterdeveloped into the traditional pumpkin pie.
The first Thanksgiving dinner is said to have lasted from three days to oneweek with much food, beer and liquor. The Pilgrims and the Native Indian sattogether on the ground, shared food with fingers or used rough plates made ofwood or stale bread. They ran races, played old English games and stagedparades during the festive, with marches, drums and firing of their muskets.
"Thanksgiving" related tothe Bible
The phrase "thanksgiving" initially comes from the Bible. ThePilgrims of Plymouth, however, were mainly Puritans and strict CalvinistProtestants. They only observed three religious holidays from the NewTestament: Sunday Sabbath, Days of Fasting and humiliation and Thanksgiving.Thanksgiving marked favourable ("mercies") in community life.
Thefirst Thanksgiving festival was indeed a time of happiness, fellowship andrejoicing for the Pilgrims. They arranged a friendly treaty with the NativeAmerican Indians, built houses in the wilderness, and raised sufficient cropsto feed themselves for the upcoming long winter. The Pilgrims had become thefirst generation of settlers in this new land holding so much promise.
Fromthen on, Thanksgiving became a holiday for celebrating the harvest in the New World, dates varied from October to November eachyear over the next 150 years.
Thanksgiving, the Nationalholiday
The first National Thanksgiving was declared by the Continental Congress in1777. On October 3, 1789, President George Washington declared that the peopleof theUnited Statesshould observe "a day of public thanksgiving and prayer" on Thursday,26 November.
Many say the credit for the establishment of an annual Thanksgiving holidayshould be given to Sarah Josepha Hale. Being the editor of Ladies Magazine andGodey's Lady's Book, she lobbied to the governors, senators, and presidents fora national holiday and published stories and recipes for that day in hermagazine. After 36 years of crusading, she won her battle. In 1863, buoyed bythe Union victory at Gettysburg,President Lincoln proclaimed that November 26, would be a national ThanksgivingDay, to be observed every year on the fourth Thursday of November.
In 1941, a Congressional Joint Resolution set the fourth Thursday of Novemberas a national holiday for Thanksgiving.
There you are - the brief history of Thanksgiving- a day inAmericaforfamilies and friends to gather together. The festival is also celebrated byAmericans living abroad. Thanks to the Native Americans and the Pilgrims whocreated this idea of a day of Thanksgiving all those live in the New World can be thankful for all we have and share thejoy with our family members and friends.
Thanksgiving Day is a harvest festival. Traditionally, it is a time togive thanks for the harvest and express gratitude in general. It is a holidaycelebrated primarily in theUnited Statesand now is primarily identifiedas a secular holiday.
This Thursdayis Thanksgiving Day. The writer O. Henry called it the one day that is purelyAmerican. Thanksgiving is not a religious holiday. But it has spiritualmeaning. Some Americans attend religious services on the day beforeThanksgiving, or on Thanksgiving morning. Others travel long distances to bewith their families. They have a large dinner, which is the main part of thecelebration.
本周四是感恩節(jié)。作家歐·亨利把這一天稱為“純美國式”的節(jié)日。感恩節(jié)不是一個(gè)宗教節(jié)日，但它有宗教方面的含義。一些美國人在感恩節(jié)的前一天或是感恩節(jié)的早上參加宗教儀式，還有的長途跋涉和他們的家人團(tuán)聚。感恩節(jié)的主要慶祝方式是一桌豐盛的家庭晚宴。
For manyAmericans, Thanksgiving is the only time when all members of a family gather.The holiday is a time of family reunion.
對許多美國人來說，感恩節(jié)這一天是所有家庭成員歡聚一堂的難得時(shí)光。這個(gè)節(jié)日是家人團(tuán)聚的時(shí)刻。
Thanksgivingweek is generally one of the busiest travel times of the year. Many Americanswho usually visit family and friends by plane are driving shorter distancesinstead this week. Some mental-health experts say the attacks have frightenedpeople. They say people feel safer and happier close to home.
感恩節(jié)這一周通常是全年中人們出行最為繁忙的時(shí)段之一。許多經(jīng)常坐飛機(jī)走親訪友的美國人這一周將改為短途駕車。一些心理健康專家認(rèn)為，恐怖襲擊令人們感到恐慌。他們說，人們在離家較近的地方會覺得更安全、更快樂。
More thanany other holiday, Thanksgiving is a celebration of family and home. Manypeople say that this year they are especially thankful for their families andfriends and the good things in their lives. On Thanksgiving, people enjoy along day of cooking, eating and talking. The traditional meal almost alwaysincludes a turkey with a bread mixture cooked inside.
與其它節(jié)日不同，感恩節(jié)是一個(gè)家庭節(jié)日。許多人說，今年他們特別感謝他們的家人、朋友和生活中一切美好的事物。在感恩節(jié)，人們享受著一整天的烹調(diào)、美味和交談所帶來的快樂。傳統(tǒng)的感恩節(jié)大餐都包括一只火雞，火雞內(nèi)填滿面包和火雞一起做熟。
Othertraditional Thanksgiving foods served with turkey are sweet potatoes,cranberries and pumpkin pie. Stores are said to sell more food at Thanksgivingthan at any other time of the year. And many people eat more food atThanksgiving than at any other time of the year.
其他和火雞相搭配的傳統(tǒng)感恩節(jié)食物有：紅薯，越橘和南瓜派。據(jù)說，感恩節(jié)前后，商店出售的食物比一年中的任何時(shí)候都要多。當(dāng)然，許多人在感恩節(jié)吃的食物也比一年中其它的時(shí)候要多。
Over theyears, Americans have added new traditions to their Thanksgiving celebration.For example, a number of professional and university football games are playedon Thanksgiving Day. Some of the games are broadcast on national television.
近年來，美國人給感恩節(jié)增添了新的慶祝方式。例如，在感恩節(jié)這一天會舉行由職業(yè)隊(duì)和大學(xué)生參加的橄欖球比賽。其中有些比賽在國家電視臺播放。
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