- 相關(guān)推薦
法律英語翻譯學(xué)習(xí)
法律英語在英語中指表述法律科學(xué)概念以及訴訟或非訴訟法律事務(wù)時(shí)所用的語種或某一語種的部分用語。
法律英語特點(diǎn)
為了體現(xiàn)法律的嚴(yán)肅性和嚴(yán)密性,文體:
“莊重的(solemn)”:
“刻板的(rigid)”
通過詞匯和句法兩方面來入手,了解法律英語的特征。
法律文件用語
5個(gè)方面:使用正式的詞語;使用具有不同意義的常用詞;使用古英語和中古英語中常用擔(dān)當(dāng)代很少使用的詞;使用外來詞語;使用法律術(shù)語和行話、套話。
1.使用正式的詞語(Formal)
合同中的正式用語:
例1:使用prior代替before
From and after the date of this Agreement, Party A shall, and shall cause its affiliates and successors to, use the same efforts to maintain the confidentiality of any Confidential Information as Party A used to maintain the confidentiality of such information prior to the date hereof. (P.28)
自本協(xié)議之日起及其后,甲方應(yīng)盡力并應(yīng)促使其關(guān)聯(lián)公司或承繼人盡力對(duì)機(jī)密信息進(jìn)行保密,一如其在本協(xié)議之日前為該等機(jī)密信息保密。
例2:使用subsequent代替after
No terms or provisions of this Agreement shall be varied or modified by anyprior or subsequent statement, conduct or act of either of the Parties, except that the Parties may amend this Agreement by written instruments referring to and executed in the same manner as this Agreement. (P.38)
任何一方均不得以先前或以后的聲明、舉動(dòng)或行為修改或變更本協(xié)議的任何條款或規(guī)定,但雙方可以以本協(xié)議提及的和以本協(xié)議相同方法簽署的書面文件修改本協(xié)議。
例3:使用provided that代替but
Provided that the assignee agrees in writing to be bound by all the terms and conditions of this Agreement and provides documentation as evidence that the assignee has the ability and capability of meeting all of the obligations under this Agreement.
但受讓方須書面同意受本協(xié)議所有條款和條件的約束, 并提供文件證明受讓方有資格、有能力履行本協(xié)議項(xiàng)下的全部義務(wù)。
其他還有:construe(understand), deem(consider), operate, same, object to, whereas, without, prejudice等等。
宣誓書(affividat)的正式用語: being first duly sworn, depose and says; before me, a notary public。
例4: being first duly sworn:
I certify under penalty of perjury, or after first being duly sworn, that I have provided complete and accurate responses to the items on this application.
茲本人證明本申請(qǐng)內(nèi)容準(zhǔn)確,完善,如有不實(shí),甘愿嚴(yán)守誓言或當(dāng)受偽證罪之罰。
判決書的正式用語: Now therefore, It is ordered, adjudged, and decreed 做出判決。
2.使用具有不同意義的常用詞
action (訴訟)、alienation (轉(zhuǎn)讓)、 avoid (取消)、 consideration(對(duì)價(jià))、 counterpart(有同等效力的副本)、 execute(簽署)、 hand(簽名)、 instrument(法律文件)、 negligence(過失)、 party(一方)、 prejudice(損害)、 presents(本法律文件)。said(上述,該)、 save(除了)、 serve(送達(dá))。
例1.action (訴訟)
The Licensee will, at the request of the Licensor and at the Licensor’s expense, give full cooperation to the Licensor in any action or claim brought or threatened to be brought in respect of the Licensed Trademarks, including joining in as a party to any proceedings.
對(duì)于就受許可商標(biāo)提起或擬將提起的訴訟或索賠,應(yīng)許可方要求并由許可方支付費(fèi)用,被許可方將給予充分合作,包括作為當(dāng)事人參與任何訴訟。
例2.party(一方)、prejudice(損害)
The rights conferred upon the respective parties by the provisions of this Clause are additional to and do not prejudice any other rights the respective parties may have.
本款規(guī)定賦予各方的權(quán)利,是對(duì)各方可能享有的其他權(quán)利的補(bǔ)充,而不是損害。
3.使用古英語和中古英語中常用擔(dān)當(dāng)代很少使用的詞
古英語(Old English):公元約1100年前的英語
中古英語(Middle English): 公元約1100年至1500年間的英語
其在法律英語中的使用主要表現(xiàn)在以 here, there 和 where 與介詞合成的詞:
如:- hereafter, herein, hereof, hereto, heretofore, hereunder, herewith;
- thereafter, thereat, thereby, therefore, therefrom, therein, thereof, thereon, thereto, theretofore, thereunder, therewith;
- whereas, whereby, wherein, whereof
此外還有 aforesaid, forthwith 及作形容詞用的 said 和 such
例1:thereafter
This Agreement shall take effect on the Effective Date and shall continue for a period of ten (10) years. This Agreement shall be automatically renewed for one-year terms thereafter unless and until terminated by either Party hereto by giving six (6) months' written notice to the other.
本協(xié)議自生效日起生效,有效期為十(10)年。此后,除非一方提前六(6)個(gè)月向另一方發(fā)出終止本協(xié)議的書面通知,本協(xié)議逐年自動(dòng)延長(zhǎng)一(1)年。
例2:therewith
Licensor shall have the right but not the obligation to bring, at its own expense, an infringement action against any third party and use Licensee’s name in connection therewith and to name Licensee as a party thereto.
許可方有權(quán)利但無義務(wù)針對(duì)任何第三方提起侵權(quán)訴訟,并在訴訟中使用被許可方的名稱,以及指定被許可方為訴訟的當(dāng)事人,訴訟費(fèi)由許可方負(fù)擔(dān)。
4.使用外來詞語
外來詞語是指拉丁語,有一些已經(jīng)被吸收為英語
如:affidavit(宣誓書)、 alias(化名;別名)、 alibi(不在犯罪現(xiàn)場(chǎng))
另外一些拉丁文有:
ad hoc(專門的;專門地)、 bona fide(真誠(chéng)的,真誠(chéng)地)、 de facto
(事實(shí)上的)、 in re(關(guān)于)、 inter alia(除了別的因素以外)、 mutatis
mutandis(在細(xì)節(jié)上作適當(dāng)修正后)、 part passu(按相同比例)、 per se
(自身)、 pro bono(為了公益)、 pro rata(按比例)
例1.bona fide(真誠(chéng)的,真誠(chéng)地)
We hereby engage with drawers and/or bona fide holder that drafts drawn and negotiated on presentation and that draft accepted within the terms of this credit will be duly honored at maturity.
茲對(duì)出票人及/或善意持票人保證,凡按本信用證開具及議付的匯票一經(jīng)提交即予承兌;凡依本證條款承兌之匯票,到期即予照付
5.使用法律術(shù)語和行話、套話
比較常見的術(shù)語:
alibi(不在犯罪現(xiàn)場(chǎng))、 appeal(上訴)、bail(保釋)、 burden of proof(舉證責(zé)任)、 cause of action(案由)、contributory negligence(與有過失)、 damages(損失賠償金)l defendant(被告)、 due diligence(審慎調(diào)查)、 felony(重罪)l negotiable instrument(流通票據(jù))、 novation (更替)、 plaintiff (原告)、 prejudice (損害)
套話:and for no other purposes, shall not operate as a waiver, shall not be deemed a consent, including but not limited to, or other similar or dissimilar causes, without prejudice to, nothing contained herein shall
例1:without prejudice to
a) any liability of the Company to any form of taxation whether created or imposed in the PRC or any other part of the world and, without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing, includes any tax computed on profits or income, any tax computed on capital assets, estate duty, profits tax, provisional profits tax, interest tax, death duty, gift duty, payroll tax withholding tax, rates, custom and excise duty, transfer tax, inheritance tax, stamp duty, capital duty, employment taxes, value added tax, and generally any tax, imposition, levy or rates or any amount payable to the revenue, customs or fiscal authorities in any part of the world;
公司須繳納的由中國(guó)或世界任何其他地區(qū)設(shè)置或征收的任何形式的稅收,在不損害前述一般性原則的情況下,包括按利潤(rùn)或收入計(jì)征的稅款、按資本資產(chǎn)計(jì)征的稅款、財(cái)產(chǎn)遺產(chǎn)稅、利潤(rùn)稅、臨時(shí)利潤(rùn)稅、利息稅、遺產(chǎn)稅、贈(zèng)予稅、工資預(yù)扣稅、稅率、關(guān)稅和消費(fèi)稅、過戶稅、繼承稅、印花稅、資本稅、就業(yè)稅、增值稅及一般應(yīng)向世界上任何地區(qū)的稅務(wù)、海關(guān)或財(cái)政機(jī)關(guān)繳納的任何稅收、進(jìn)口稅、稅款、稅費(fèi)或任何款額;
此外:名詞和代詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式,又有性別之分,為了防止所涉及的條款出現(xiàn)片面性解釋,在合同的“定義和解釋”部分,通常都有這樣“以一概全”的固定句子:
Words in the singular Include the plural and vice versa(包括復(fù)數(shù)詞的單數(shù)和反之亦然);
words used in the masculine gender include every gender(表示陽性的詞包含每一種性別)
【法律英語翻譯學(xué)習(xí)】相關(guān)文章:
法律英語學(xué)習(xí)攻略10-05
在校生如何學(xué)習(xí)法律英語09-26
英語翻譯技巧09-05
亡羊補(bǔ)牢的英語翻譯06-14
與法律相關(guān)的法律英語08-04
考研英語翻譯要訣10-14
考研英語翻譯復(fù)習(xí)07-16
英語翻譯技巧小結(jié)08-15
商務(wù)英語翻譯08-12