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計(jì)算機(jī)英文術(shù)語(yǔ)大全
剛接觸計(jì)算機(jī)的人都會(huì)被大家有意無(wú)意說(shuō)出的幾個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)術(shù)語(yǔ)(如pc cpu ddr sdr nc啥的)感到迷惑,或者感覺自己無(wú)知,實(shí)際上沒必要。這些術(shù)語(yǔ)基本都是它的英語(yǔ)的頭字母。
1、CPU
3DNow!(3D no waiting)
ALU(Arithmetic Logic Unit,算術(shù)邏輯單元)
AGU(Address Generation Units,地址產(chǎn)成單元)
BGA(Ball Grid Array,球狀矩陣排列)
BHT(branch prediction table,分支預(yù)測(cè)表)
BPU(Branch Processing Unit,分支處理單元)
Brach Pediction(分支預(yù)測(cè))
CMOS Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor,互補(bǔ)金屬氧化物半導(dǎo)體
CISC(Complex Instruction Set Computing,復(fù)雜指令集計(jì)算機(jī))
CLK(Clock Cycle,時(shí)鐘周期)
COB(Cache on board,板上集成緩存)
COD(Cache on Die,芯片內(nèi)集成緩存)
CPGA(Ceramic Pin Grid Array,陶瓷針型柵格陣列)
CPU(Center Processing Unit,中央處理器)
Data Forwarding(數(shù)據(jù)前送)
Decode(指令解碼)
DIB(Dual Independent Bus,雙獨(dú)立總線)
EC(Embedded Controller,嵌入式控制器)
Embedded Chips(嵌入式)
EPIC(explicitly parallel instruction code,并行指令代碼)
FADD(Floationg Point Addition,浮點(diǎn)加)
FCPGA(Flip Chip Pin Grid Array,反轉(zhuǎn)芯片針腳柵格陣列)
FDIV(Floationg Point Divide,浮點(diǎn)除)
FEMMS:Fast EntryExit Multimedia State,快速進(jìn)入退出多媒體狀態(tài)
FFT(fast Fourier transform,快速熱歐姆轉(zhuǎn)換)
FID(FID:Frequency identify,頻率鑒別號(hào)碼)
FIFO(First Input First Output,先入先出隊(duì)列)
flip-chip(芯片反轉(zhuǎn))
FLOP(Floating Point Operations Per Second,浮點(diǎn)操作秒)
FMUL(Floationg Point Multiplication,浮點(diǎn)乘)
FPU(Float Point Unit,浮點(diǎn)運(yùn)算單元)
FSUB(Floationg Point Subtraction,浮點(diǎn)減)
GVPP(Generic Visual Perception Processor,常規(guī)視覺處理器)
HL-PBGA 表面黏著,高耐熱、輕薄型塑膠球狀矩陣封裝
IA(Intel Architecture,英特爾架構(gòu))
ICU(Instruction Control Unit,指令控制單元)
ID:identify,鑒別號(hào)碼
IDF(Intel Developer Forum,英特爾開發(fā)者論壇)
IEU(Integer Execution Units,整數(shù)執(zhí)行單元)
IMM Intel Mobile Module, 英特爾移動(dòng)模塊
Instructions Cache,指令緩存
Instruction Coloring(指令分類)
IPC(Instructions Per Clock Cycle,指令時(shí)鐘周期)
ISA(instruction set architecture,指令集架構(gòu))
KNI(Katmai New Instructions,Katmai新指令集,即SSE)
Latency(潛伏期)
LDT(Lightning Data Transport,閃電數(shù)據(jù)傳輸總線)
Local Interconnect(局域互連)
MESI(Modified, Exclusive, Shared, Invalid:修改、排除、共享、廢棄)
MMX(MultiMedia Extensions,多媒體擴(kuò)展指令集)
MMU(Multimedia Unit,多媒體單元)
MFLOPS(Million Floationg PointSecond,每秒百萬(wàn)個(gè)浮點(diǎn)操作)
MHz(Million Hertz,兆赫茲)
MP(Multi-Processing,多重處理器架構(gòu))
MPS(MultiProcessor Specification,多重處理器規(guī)范)
MSRs(Model-Specific Registers,特別模塊寄存器)
NAOC(no-account OverClock,無(wú)效超頻)
NI:Non-Intel,非英特爾
OLGA(Organic Land Grid Array,基板柵格陣列)
OoO(Out of Order,亂序執(zhí)行)
PGA Pin-Grid Array(引腳網(wǎng)格陣列),耗電大
Post-RISC
PR(Performance Rate,性能比率)
PSN(Processor Serial numbers,處理器序列號(hào))
PIB(Processor In a Box,盒裝處理器)
PPGA(Plastic Pin Grid Array,塑膠針狀矩陣封裝)
PQFP(Plastic Quad Flat Package,塑料方塊平面封裝)
RAW(Read after Write,寫后讀)
Register Contention(搶占寄存器)
Register Pressure(寄存器不足)
Register Renaming(寄存器重命名)
Remark(芯片頻率重標(biāo)識(shí))
Resource contention(資源沖突)
Retirement(指令引退)
RISC(Reduced Instruction Set Computing,精簡(jiǎn)指令集計(jì)算機(jī))
SEC Single Edge Connector,單邊連接器
Shallow-trench isolation(淺槽隔離)
SIMD(Single Instruction Multiple Data,單指令多數(shù)據(jù)流)
SiO2F(Fluorided Silicon Oxide,二氧氟化硅)
SMI(System Management Interrupt,系統(tǒng)管理中斷)
SMM(System Management Mode,系統(tǒng)管理模式)
SMP(Symmetric Multi-Processing,對(duì)稱式多重處理架構(gòu))
SOI Silicon-on-insulator,絕緣體硅片
SONC(System on a chip,系統(tǒng)集成芯片)
SPEC(System Performance Evaluation Corporation,系統(tǒng)性能評(píng)估測(cè)試)
SQRT(Square Root Calculations,平方根計(jì)算)
SSE(Streaming SIMD Extensions,單一指令多數(shù)據(jù)流擴(kuò)展)
Superscalar(超標(biāo)量體系結(jié)構(gòu))
TCP Tape Carrier Package(薄膜封裝),發(fā)熱小
Throughput(吞吐量)
TLB(Translate Look side Buffers,翻譯旁視緩沖器)
USWC(Uncacheabled Speculative Write Combination,無(wú)緩沖隨機(jī)聯(lián)合寫操作)
VALU(Vector Arithmetic Logic Unit,向量算術(shù)邏輯單元)
VLIW(Very Long Instruction Word,超長(zhǎng)指令字)
VPU(Vector Permutate Unit,向量排列單元)
VPU(vector processing units,向量處理單元,即處理MMX、SSE等SIMD指令的地方)
2、主板
ADIMM(advanced Dual In-line Memory Modules,高級(jí)雙重內(nèi)嵌式內(nèi)存模塊)
AMR(Audio/Modem Riser;音效/調(diào)制解調(diào)器主機(jī)板附加直立插卡)
AHA(Accelerated Hub Architecture,加速中心架構(gòu))
ASK IR(Amplitude Shift Keyed Infra-Red,長(zhǎng)波形可移動(dòng)輸入紅外線)
ATX AT Extend(擴(kuò)展型AT)
BIOS(Basic InputOutput System,基本輸入輸出系統(tǒng))
CSE(Configuration Space Enable,可分配空間)
DB Device Bay,設(shè)備插架
DMI(Desktop Management Interface,桌面管理接口)
EB(Expansion Bus,擴(kuò)展總線)
EISA(Enhanced Industry Standard Architecture,增強(qiáng)形工業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)架構(gòu))
EMI(Electromagnetic Interference,電磁干擾)
ESCD(Extended System Configuration Data,可擴(kuò)展系統(tǒng)配置數(shù)據(jù))
FBC(Frame Buffer Cache,幀緩沖緩存)
FireWire(火線,即IEEE1394標(biāo)準(zhǔn))
FSB Front Side Bus,前置總線,即外部總線
FWH( Firmware Hub,固件中心)
GMCH(Graphics & Memory Controller Hub,圖形和內(nèi)存控制中心)
GPIs(General Purpose Inputs,普通操作輸入)
ICH(InputOutput Controller Hub,輸入輸出控制中心)
IR(infrared ray,紅外線)
IrDA(infrared ray,紅外線通信接口可進(jìn)行局域網(wǎng)存取和文件共享)
ISA Industry Standard Architecture,工業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)架構(gòu)
ISA(instruction set architecture,工業(yè)設(shè)置架構(gòu))
MDC(Mobile Daughter Card,移動(dòng)式子卡)
MRH-R(Memory Repeater Hub,內(nèi)存數(shù)據(jù)處理中心)
MRH-S(SDRAM Repeater Hub,SDRAM數(shù)據(jù)處理中心)
MTH(Memory Transfer Hub,內(nèi)存轉(zhuǎn)換中心)
NGIO(Next Generation InputOutput,新一代輸入輸出標(biāo)準(zhǔn))
P64H(64-bit PCI Controller Hub,64位PCI控制中心)
PCB(printed circuit board,印刷電路板)
PCBA(Printed Circuit Board Assembly,印刷電路板裝配)
PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect,互連外圍設(shè)備
PCI SIG(Peripheral Component Interconnect Special Interest Group,互連外圍設(shè)備專業(yè)組)
POST(Power On Self Test,加電自測(cè)試)
RNG(Random number Generator,隨機(jī)數(shù)字發(fā)生器)
RTC Real Time Clock(實(shí)時(shí)時(shí)鐘)
KBC(KeyBroad Control,鍵盤控制器)
SAP(Sideband Address Port,邊帶尋址端口)
SBA(Side Band Addressing,邊帶尋址)
SMA Share Memory Architecture,共享內(nèi)存結(jié)構(gòu)
STD(Suspend To Disk,磁盤喚醒)
STR(Suspend To RAM,內(nèi)存喚醒)
SVR Switching Voltage Regulator(交換式電壓調(diào)節(jié))
USB(Universal Serial Bus,通用串行總線)
USDM(Unified System Diagnostic Manager,統(tǒng)一系統(tǒng)監(jiān)測(cè)管理器)
VID(Voltage Identification Definition,電壓識(shí)別認(rèn)證)
VRM (Voltage Regulator Module,電壓調(diào)整模塊)
ZIF Zero Insertion Force, 零插力
主板技術(shù)
Gigabyte
ACOPS Automatic CPU OverHeat Prevention System(CPU過(guò)熱預(yù)防系統(tǒng))
SIV System Information Viewer(系統(tǒng)信息觀察)
磐英
ESDJ(Easy Setting Dual Jumper,簡(jiǎn)化CPU雙重跳線法)
浩鑫
UPT(USB、PANEL、LINK、TV-OUT四重接口)
芯片組
ACPI(Advanced Configuration and Power Interface,先進(jìn)設(shè)置和電源管理)
AGP(Accelerated Graphics Port,圖形加速接口)
IO(InputOutput,輸入輸出)
MIOC Memory and IO Bridge Controller,內(nèi)存和IO橋控制器
NBC North Bridge Chip(北橋芯片)
PIIX PCI ISAIDE Accelerator(加速器)
PSE36 Page Size Extension 36-bit,36位頁(yè)面尺寸擴(kuò)展模式
PXB PCI Expander Bridge,PCI增強(qiáng)橋
RCG RASCAS Generator,RASCAS發(fā)生器
SBC South Bridge Chip(南橋芯片)
SMB System Management Bus(全系統(tǒng)管理總線)
SPD(Serial Presence Detect,內(nèi)存內(nèi)部序號(hào)檢測(cè)裝置)
SSB Super South Bridge,超級(jí)南橋芯片
TDP Triton Data Path(數(shù)據(jù)路徑)
TSC Triton System Controller(系統(tǒng)控制器)
QPA Quad Port Acceleration(四接口加速)
3、顯示設(shè)備
ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit(特殊應(yīng)用積體電路)
ASC(Auto-Sizing and Centering,自動(dòng)調(diào)效屏幕尺寸和中心位置)
ASC(Anti Static Coatings,防靜電涂層)
AGAS(Anti Glare Anti Static Coatings,防強(qiáng)光、防靜電涂層)
BLA Bearn Landing Area(電子束落區(qū))
BMC(Black Matrix Screen,超黑矩陣屏幕)
CRC Cyclical Redundancy Check(循環(huán)冗余檢查)
CRT(Cathode Ray Tube,陰極射線管)
DDC:Display Data Channel,顯示數(shù)據(jù)通道
DEC(Direct Etching Coatings,表面蝕刻涂層)
DFL(Dynamic Focus Lens,動(dòng)態(tài)聚焦)
DFS(Digital Flex Scan,數(shù)字伸縮掃描)
DIC Digital Image Control(數(shù)字圖像控制)
Digital Multiscan II(數(shù)字式智能多頻追蹤)
DLP(digital Light Processing,數(shù)字光處理)
DOSD Digital On Screen Display(同屏數(shù)字化顯示)
DPMS(Display Power Management Signalling,顯示能源管理信號(hào))
Dot Pitch(點(diǎn)距)
DQL(Dynamic Quadrapole Lens,動(dòng)態(tài)四極鏡)
DSP(Digital Signal Processing,數(shù)字信號(hào)處理)
EFEAL(Extended Field Elliptical Aperture Lens,可擴(kuò)展掃描橢圓孔鏡頭)
FRC Frame Rate Control(幀比率控制)
HVD(High Voltage Differential,高分差動(dòng))
LCD(liquid crystal display,液晶顯示屏)
LCOS Liquid Crystal On Silicon(硅上液晶)
LED(light emitting diode,光學(xué)二級(jí)管)
L-SAGIC(Low Power-Small Aperture G1 wiht Impregnated Cathode,低電壓光圈陰極管)
LVD(Low Voltage Differential,低分差動(dòng))
LVDS Low Voltage Differential Signal(低電壓差動(dòng)信號(hào))
MALS(Multi Astigmatism Lens System,多重散光聚焦系統(tǒng))
MDA(Monochrome Adapter,單色設(shè)備)
MS Magnetic Sensors(磁場(chǎng)感應(yīng)器)
Porous Tungsten(活性鎢)
RSDS Reduced Swing Differential Signal(小幅度擺動(dòng)差動(dòng)信號(hào))
SC(Screen Coatings,屏幕涂層)
Single Ended(單終結(jié))
Shadow Mask(陰罩式)
TDT(Timeing Detection Table,數(shù)據(jù)測(cè)定表)
TICRG Tungsten Impregnated Cathode Ray Gun(鎢傳輸陰級(jí)射線槍)
TFT(thin transistor,薄膜晶體管)
UCC(Ultra Clear Coatings,超清晰涂層)
VAGP Variable Aperature Grille Pitch(可變間距光柵)
VBI Vertical Blanking Interval(垂直空白間隙)
VDT(Video Display Terminals,視頻顯示終端)
VRR Vertical Refresh Rate(垂直掃描頻率)
4、視頻
3D:Three Dimensional,三維
3DS(3D SubSystem,三維子系統(tǒng))
AE(Atmospheric Effects,霧化效果)
AFR(Alternate Frame Rendering,交替渲染技術(shù))
Anisotropic Filtering(各向異性過(guò)濾)
APPE(Advanced Packet Parsing Engine,增強(qiáng)形幀解析引擎)
AV(Analog Video,模擬視頻)
Back Buffer,后置緩沖
Backface culling(隱面消除)
Battle for Eyeballs(眼球大戰(zhàn),各3D圖形芯片公司為了爭(zhēng)奪用戶而作的競(jìng)爭(zhēng))
Bilinear Filtering(雙線性過(guò)濾)
CEM(cube environment mapping,立方環(huán)境映射)
CG(Computer Graphics,計(jì)算機(jī)生成圖像)
Clipping(剪貼紋理)
Clock Synthesizer,時(shí)鐘合成器
compressed textures(壓縮紋理)
Concurrent Command Engine,協(xié)作命令引擎
Center Processing Unit Utilization,中央處理器占用率
DAC(Digital to Analog Converter,數(shù)模傳換器)
Decal(印花法,用于生成一些半透明效果,如:鮮血飛濺的場(chǎng)面)
DFP(Digital Flat Panel,數(shù)字式平面顯示器)
DFS Dynamic Flat Shading(動(dòng)態(tài)平面描影),可用作加速
Dithering(抖動(dòng))
Directional Light,方向性光源
DME Direct Memory Execute(直接內(nèi)存執(zhí)行)
DOF(Depth of Field,多重境深)
dot texture blending
Double Buffering(雙緩沖區(qū))
DIR(Direct Rendering Infrastructure,基層直接渲染)
DVI(Digital Video Interface,數(shù)字視頻接口)
DxR DynamicXTended Resolution(動(dòng)態(tài)可擴(kuò)展分辨率)
DXTC(Direct X Texture Compress,DirectX紋理壓縮,以S3TC為基礎(chǔ))
Dynamic Z-buffering(動(dòng)態(tài)Z軸緩沖區(qū)),顯示物體遠(yuǎn)近,可用作遠(yuǎn)景
E-DDC(Enhanced Display Data Channel,增強(qiáng)形視頻數(shù)據(jù)通道協(xié)議,定義了顯示輸出與主系統(tǒng)之間的通訊通道,能提高顯示輸出的畫面質(zhì)量)
Edge Anti-aliasing,邊緣抗鋸齒失真
E-EDID(Enhanced Extended Identification Data,增強(qiáng)形擴(kuò)充身份辨識(shí)數(shù)據(jù),定義了電腦通訊視頻主系統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)格式)
Execute Buffers,執(zhí)行緩沖區(qū)
environment mapped bump mapping(環(huán)境凹凸映射)
Extended Burst Transactions,增強(qiáng)式突發(fā)處理
Front Buffer,前置緩沖
Flat(平面描影)
Frames rate is King(幀數(shù)為王)
FSAA(Full Scene Anti-aliasing,全景抗鋸齒)
Fog(霧化效果)
flip double buffered(反轉(zhuǎn)雙緩存)
fog table quality(霧化表畫質(zhì))
GART(Graphic Address Remappng Table,圖形地址重繪表)
Gouraud Shading,高洛德描影,也稱為內(nèi)插法均勻涂色
GPU(Graphics Processing Unit,圖形處理器)
GTF(Generalized Timing formula,一般程序時(shí)間,定義了產(chǎn)生畫面所需要的時(shí)間,包括了諸如畫面刷新率等)
HAL(Hardware Abstraction Layer,硬件抽像化層)
hardware motion compensation(硬件運(yùn)動(dòng)補(bǔ)償)
HDTV(high definition television,高清晰度電視)
HEL Hardware Emulation Layer(硬件模擬層)
high triangle count(復(fù)雜三角形計(jì)數(shù))
ICD(Installable Client Driver,可安裝客戶端驅(qū)動(dòng)程序)
IDCT(Inverse Discrete Cosine Transform,非連續(xù)反余弦變換,GeForce的DVD硬件強(qiáng)化技術(shù))
Immediate Mode,直接模式
IPPR Image Processing and Pattern Recognition(圖像處理和模式識(shí)別)
large textures(大型紋理)
LF(Linear Filtering,線性過(guò)濾,即雙線性過(guò)濾)
lighting(光源)
lightmap(光線映射)
Local Peripheral Bus(局域邊緣總線)
mipmapping(MIP映射)
Modulate(調(diào)制混合)
Motion Compensation,動(dòng)態(tài)補(bǔ)償
motion blur(模糊移動(dòng))
MPPS:Million Pixels Per Second,百萬(wàn)個(gè)像素秒
Multi-Resolution Mesh,多重分辨率組合
Multi Threaded Bus Master,多重主控
Multitexture(多重紋理)
nerest Mipmap(鄰近MIP映射,又叫點(diǎn)采樣技術(shù))
Overdraw(透支,全景渲染造成的浪費(fèi))
partial texture downloads(并行紋理傳輸)
Parallel Processing Perspective Engine(平行透視處理器)
PC(Perspective Correction,透視糾正)
PGC(Parallel Graphics Configuration,并行圖像設(shè)置)
pixel(Picture element,圖像元素,又稱P像素,屏幕上的像素點(diǎn))
point light(一般點(diǎn)光源)
point sampling
Precise Pixel Interpolation,精確像素插值
Procedural textures(可編程紋理)
RAMDAC(Random Access Memory Digital to Analog Converter,隨機(jī)存儲(chǔ)器數(shù)模轉(zhuǎn)換器)
Reflection mapping(反射貼圖)
render(著色或渲染)
S端子(Seperate)
S3(Sight、Sound、Speed,視頻、音頻、速度)
S3TC(S3 Texture Compress,S3紋理壓縮,僅支持S3顯卡)
S3TL(S3 Transformation & Lighting,S3多邊形轉(zhuǎn)換和光源處理)
Screen Buffer(屏幕緩沖)
SDTV(Standard Definition Television,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)清晰度電視)
SEM(spherical environment mapping,球形環(huán)境映射)
Shading,描影
Single Pass Multi-Texturing,單通道多紋理
SLI(Scanline Interleave,掃描線間插,3Dfx的雙Voodoo 2配合技術(shù))
Smart Filter(智能過(guò)濾)
soft shadows(柔和陰影)
soft reflections(柔和反射)
spot light(小型點(diǎn)光源)
SRA(Symmetric Rendering Architecture,對(duì)稱渲染架構(gòu))
Stencil Buffers(模板緩沖)
Stream Processor(流線處理)
SuperScaler Rendering,超標(biāo)量渲染
TBFB(Tile Based Frame Buffer,碎片紋理幀緩存)
texel(T像素,紋理上的像素點(diǎn))
Texture Fidelity(紋理真實(shí)性)
texture swapping(紋理交換)
T&L(Transform and Lighting,多邊形轉(zhuǎn)換與光源處理)
T-Buffer(T緩沖,3dfx Voodoo4的特效,包括全景反鋸齒Full-scene Anti-Aliasing、動(dòng)態(tài)模糊Motion Blur、焦點(diǎn)模糊Depth of Field Blur、柔和陰影Soft Shadows、柔和反射Soft Reflections)
TCA(Twin Cache Architecture,雙緩存結(jié)構(gòu))
Transparency(透明狀效果)
Transformation(三角形轉(zhuǎn)換)
Trilinear Filtering(三線性過(guò)濾)
Texture Modes,材質(zhì)模式
TMIPM Trilinear MIP Mapping(三次線性MIP材質(zhì)貼圖)
UMA(Unified Memory Architecture,統(tǒng)一內(nèi)存架構(gòu))
Visualize Geometry Engine,可視化幾何引擎
Vertex Lighting(頂點(diǎn)光源)
Vertical Interpolation(垂直調(diào)變)
VIP(Video Interface Port,視頻接口)
ViRGE Video and Rendering Graphics Engine(視頻描寫圖形引擎)
Voxel(Volume pixels,立體像素,Novalogic的技術(shù))
VQTC(Vector-Quantization Texture Compression,向量紋理壓縮)
VSIS(Video Signal Standard,視頻信號(hào)標(biāo)準(zhǔn))
v-sync(同步刷新)
Z Buffer(Z緩存)
原文鏈接:http://www.jlkk.net/blog/246.html
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