職稱英語(yǔ)綜合類B級(jí)詞匯講解

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職稱英語(yǔ)綜合類B級(jí)詞匯講解

　　1.At midnight(午夜、半夜12點(diǎn)), we were aroused (吵醒)by a knock(敲) at the door. (answer: B)

　　A. irritated：vt(使人惱怒、急噪)I am irradiated by the delay of the flight(航班的延誤).

　　B. awakened: vt (弄醒，喚醒)my mother awakens me every morning.

　　C. arisen(***): vi(是arise的過(guò)去分詞，出現(xiàn)、呈現(xiàn)、引起、發(fā)生,一般和介詞from搭配。)

　　A new problem(問(wèn)題) has arisen.

　　arise = appear = come up = originate = cause

　　D. annoyed：vt(是annoy的過(guò)去分詞，使某人不悅、惹惱某人，打攪)

　　His constant(不斷的。不停的) cries(哭鬧) annoy me.

　　分析：arouse是一個(gè)多義詞，一般作為及物動(dòng)詞使用，基本含義有：?jiǎn)拘涯橙�，引起、激發(fā);鼓勵(lì)、鼓動(dòng)。我們可以參看教材上一道原題(衛(wèi)生類)

　　2.In a bullfight, it is the movement, not the color, of objects that arouses the bull.

　　A. confuses(使人迷惑，混淆) B. excites(使人興奮、刺激，激發(fā))

　　C. scares(恐嚇某人，嚇跑某人= frighten)

　　D. diverts(轉(zhuǎn)移某人的注意力，使某物轉(zhuǎn)向)

　　arouse = awaken = encourage = cause

　　在06年的8題中，題目略做改動(dòng)：

　　3.It is the movement, not the color, of objects that excites the bull.

　　A. frightens(使人感到恐懼、害怕) B. scares C. confuses D. arouses

　　得出結(jié)論：不要背答案，要搞清每個(gè)常用詞的用法和同義詞，盡量在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中能作到舉一反三。

　　4.She was awarded(頒發(fā)、授予、) a prize(獎(jiǎng)) for the film(電影). (answer: A)

　　A. given：vt(給、授予、讓步、供給), 常出現(xiàn)的固定搭配：give away泄露秘密，發(fā)放，頒發(fā); give forth發(fā)表，公布，發(fā)出聲音、氣味;give in屈服，交上;give way to讓步，坍塌，破裂

　　B. rewarded：vt酬勞、獎(jiǎng)賞;n 報(bào)酬、賞金，常見(jiàn)搭配：

　　as a reward for作為對(duì)某事的獎(jiǎng)賞;reward sb for sth為某事而報(bào)答某人,請(qǐng)注意派生詞：rewarding: adj 值得做的，令人滿意的 a rewarding film/trip(旅行)

　　如：He rewarded the boy for finding his lost mobile phone.

　　C. sent(是send過(guò)去分詞，送，寄)

　　The mother sends her children to school every morning.

　　D. reminded(原形是remind, 提醒某人，使某人想起，常見(jiàn)搭配：remind sb of sth)

　　The picture(照片) reminded me of my father.

　　分析：award屬于詞義比較簡(jiǎn)單的詞，一般表示頒發(fā)、授予、判定、給予，如：

　　she was awarded a gold medal(金牌) as a swimming(游泳) champion(冠軍)

　　5.Smoking(吸煙) will be banned (禁止)in all public(公共的) places here. (answer: A)

　　A. forbidden: 原形是forbid, 意思是禁止，不許，常見(jiàn)搭配：forbid sb to do sth,

　　The teacher forbids us to talk(說(shuō)話) in the class.

　　B. allowed(***): 原形allow, 允許、準(zhǔn)許某人做某事，allow sb to do sth, 如：

　　My boss(老板) doesn’t allow me to use(使用)the phone(電話).

　　C. permitted : vt 原形permit, 允許，許可，使某事有可能性，同義詞allow, let.

　　allow = permit = let

　　D. promoted(***): v 原形promote, 促進(jìn)、增進(jìn)、發(fā)揚(yáng)、提升、請(qǐng)注意派生的名詞：promotion: 提升、促銷，提倡、贊助。

　　如：She worked hard and was promoted very soon. (她工作努力，很快獲得晉升。)

　　the organization(組織) works to promote(促進(jìn)) friendship(友誼) between nations(兩國(guó)之間的).

　　6.Smoking is not permitted in the office.

　　A. probable：形容詞，可能的，同義詞：possible

　　B. possible：形容詞，可能的，同義詞：probable)

　　C. admitted：動(dòng)詞，承認(rèn)、允許某人進(jìn)入，如：

　　1). The small window admits very little light(陽(yáng)光).

　　2). I admitted I was wrong. (我承認(rèn)我錯(cuò)了。)

　　D. allowed = permitted

　　7.There is a growing(不斷增加的) gap(n 缺口、裂口、距離、分歧) between the rich(代表一類人，富人們) and the poor(窮人們). (answer: C)

　　A. conflict：n 沖突、爭(zhēng)執(zhí)、(意見(jiàn)的)分歧、v沖突、抵觸

　　a conflict of interests利害沖突;

　　B. tension: n 緊張，同義詞：nervousness

　　C. gulf: n 海灣、溝壑、分歧，常見(jiàn)搭配：gulf between A and B in sth

　　There is a gulf between the husband and the wife in education(教育) of their child.

　　D. confrontation: n 對(duì)抗、動(dòng)詞：confront.

　　一般用于： confront sb with sth讓某人面對(duì)(不快的或令人頭疼的事情)

　　有關(guān)gap,還有一個(gè)常見(jiàn)的表達(dá)：generation gap代溝

　　8.I am very grateful(感激的) to you for your assistance(幫助). (answer: D)

　　A. helpful：有幫助的，反義詞：helpless, 詞組：be helpful to sb

　　He is always helpful to his mother.

　　B. hopeful:有希望的，反義詞：hopeless, 常見(jiàn)搭配：be hopeful of/about對(duì)。。。抱有希望，如：I am hopeful of passing the exam.

　　C. pitiful: pity+ful 令人憐憫的、可憐的，反義詞：pitiless: 無(wú)憐憫心的、殘酷的

　　D .thankful：感激的、感謝的，反義詞：thankless: 不感謝的、忘恩的，常見(jiàn)搭配：

　　be thankful to sb for sth = be grateful to sb for sth

　　得出結(jié)論：同義詞的常見(jiàn)搭配也一樣，后綴-ful(充滿的)和-less(少的、幾乎沒(méi)有的)互為反義詞。(重要詞根!)

　　9.You will be meeting her presently(不久、立刻). (answer: A)

　　A. shortly：adv馬上、立刻 I’ll be coming back shortly.

　　B. currently: adv時(shí)下、當(dāng)前，同義詞組：at present = now

　　She is currently in Beijing.

　　C. lately(***): adv 最近，同義詞：recently

　　How have been lately?近來(lái)可好?

　　D. probably：可能地，反義詞：improbably, 同義詞：possibly.

　　presently = shortly = soon

　　10.Attitudes to(對(duì)。。。的態(tài)度) mental(精神的) illness(疾病) have shifted(改變) in recent years(在近幾年=lately). (answer: C)

　　A. displayed: 展示、陳列某物，顯示、顯露 display sth to sb

　　B. shown:原形show, 顯示、展示，此時(shí)和display屬近義詞。

　　C. changed(***)：高頻核心詞，含義豐富，改變、更換、交換、換乘、換衣服兌換貨幣，等等。

　　change one’s idea/attitude改變主意/態(tài)度;change one’s job換工作; change gear換擋; change sides改變立場(chǎng); change train換乘火車;change dollars into RMB把美圓兌換成人民幣。

　　D. demonstrated：v 證明、論證、表明、游行

　　11.I have been trying to(盡力) quit(停止) smoking. (answer: A)

　　A. give up：停止、放棄，give up sth/doing sth, 如：

　　My husband gave up(= quit = stop = abandon) smoking last year.

　　B. pick up(***):撿起來(lái)、情況好轉(zhuǎn)、通過(guò)實(shí)踐學(xué)會(huì)(外語(yǔ)、技術(shù))、收取某物、接人、偶然結(jié)識(shí)某人等。

　　C. build up逐漸發(fā)展、增強(qiáng)

　　D. take up：占據(jù)(時(shí)間或空間)、從事某事

　　12.That guy(家伙，小伙子) is intelligent(聰明的), but a bit dull (沉悶的、乏味的、單調(diào)的). (answer: D)

　　A.strange：奇怪的、陌生的、不同尋常的，常見(jiàn)搭配：be strange to sth

　　he’s strange to the new work. (他對(duì)這新工作很不習(xí)慣。)

　　B. special：特殊的、特別的、專門的、額外的，如：special friend特別的朋友;special train專列;當(dāng)名詞用時(shí)，特別的人或事物。

　　C. quiet：安靜的。Keep quiet!保持安靜!

　　D. boring：枯燥的、無(wú)趣的、單調(diào)的，請(qǐng)注意和它有關(guān)的其他同根詞：

　　bore: v使人感到乏味;bored: adj 感到乏味的;在口語(yǔ)中，有時(shí)說(shuō)：

　　Long speech bores me to death. (冗長(zhǎng)的演講把我煩死了。)

　　13. We all think(認(rèn)為) that Mary’s husband(丈夫) is a very boring(乏味的) person.

　　A shy(害羞的) B stupid(愚蠢的)

　　C dull(乏味的、無(wú)趣的、遲鈍的) D selfish(自私的)

　　dull = boring = uninteresting

　　得出結(jié)論：有時(shí)間多做真題。只要是高頻核心詞，總會(huì)不厭其煩地出現(xiàn)在試卷上。

　　14.She is a highly (非常) successful (成功的)teacher. (answer: C)

　　A. fairly ：adv 相當(dāng)?shù)�、公平地、完全地，一般與褒義詞連用，如：

　　1). Your bedroom(臥室)is fairly tidy(整潔的).

　　2). You are not treating(對(duì)待) us fairly(公平地).

　　B. rather : adv 相當(dāng)?shù)兀嗯c貶義詞連用，如：it’s rather cold today. (今天相當(dāng)?shù)乩洹?除此之外，常見(jiàn)搭配：would rather do A than do B:寧愿做A也不愿做B，如：

　　I would rather walk to school than take a bus.

　　rather too:太。。。，如：English is rather too difficult for me.(英語(yǔ)對(duì)于我來(lái)說(shuō)太難。)

　　rather than:不是，不要，如：I would like a cup of tea rather than coffee.

　　C. very: 非常

　　D. moderately: adv 適度地、不過(guò)分地

　　補(bǔ)充：關(guān)于highly:高度地，非常，如：

　　his classmates speak highly of him. (他的同班同學(xué)對(duì)他高度評(píng)價(jià)。)

　　15.We should not sacrifice(犧牲) environmental protections(環(huán)保) to foster (促進(jìn))economic(經(jīng)濟(jì)的) growth(增長(zhǎng)). (answer: B)

　　A. reduce：減少，同義詞：decrease

　　B. promote: v 晉升、提升、促進(jìn)

　　C. realize(***)：認(rèn)識(shí)到、實(shí)現(xiàn)計(jì)劃、了解到，常見(jiàn)搭配：

　　Realize one’s mistake認(rèn)識(shí)到自己的錯(cuò)誤;realize one’s hopes/plan/dream實(shí)現(xiàn)希望/計(jì)劃/夢(mèng)想;realize the truth of the event了解時(shí)間真相

　　D. give：給予

　　補(bǔ)充：foster是一個(gè)多義詞，除了“促進(jìn)”，還表示培養(yǎng)、培育、照顧、撫養(yǎng)(不屬于自己的孩子)，如：foster mother養(yǎng)母;foster parents養(yǎng)父母。

　　16.Government(政府) health campaigns(健康運(yùn)動(dòng)) have fostered (培養(yǎng))an awareness(意識(shí)) of the dangers(危險(xiǎn)，危害性) in certain social habits (某些社會(huì)習(xí)慣).

　　A. included(包括) B. discovered(發(fā)現(xiàn))

　　C. cultivated (培養(yǎng)、養(yǎng)成，種植莊稼，陶冶情操)

　　17.Relief workers(救援人員) were shocked (震驚的、吃驚的)by what they saw(他們所看到的). (answer: C)

　　A. moved：感動(dòng)的 B. touched：動(dòng)人的、感人的(= moved)

　　C. surprised: 吃驚的，be surprised at sth.

　　I’m very surprised to see you here.

　　D. worried: 擔(dān)心的、發(fā)愁的，同義詞anxious,搭配：be worried about

　　He is worried about his exam.

　　所以：surprised = shocked = astonished

　　18.The weather(天氣) is a constant (不斷發(fā)生的、不變的)subject (主題)of conversation(談話) in Britain(英國(guó)). (answer: D)

　　A. question：問(wèn)題、疑問(wèn)、詢問(wèn)，常見(jiàn)的搭配：an open question未解決的問(wèn)題、允許公開爭(zhēng)論的問(wèn)題

　　B. problem問(wèn)題、難題，solve a problem解決問(wèn)題;

　　C. title 名稱、題目、標(biāo)題、頭銜

　　D. topic話題、主題

　　19.This is not typical (典型的、有代表性的)of English, but is a feature (特點(diǎn)、特征)of the Chinese language. (answer: B)

　　A. particular：個(gè)別的、特別的、挑剔的，如：his particular problems他的個(gè)人問(wèn)題; particular importance特別的重要; she’s very particular about her clothes. (她對(duì)她的衣服很挑剔。)，副詞：particularly = especially

　　B. characteristic：典型的，常見(jiàn)搭配：be characteristic of = be typical of

　　C. remarkable: 不同尋常的、出類拔萃的，同義詞：unusual = exceptional = extraordinary

　　D. idiomatic: 來(lái)自于idiom習(xí)語(yǔ)、成語(yǔ);idiomatic符合語(yǔ)言或方言的特點(diǎn)的

　　20.It is virtually (幾乎)impossible(不可能) to persuade(勸說(shuō)) him to apply for(申請(qǐng)) the job. (answer: B)

　　A. simply：簡(jiǎn)單地、僅僅 I bought the house simply because it was very big.

　　B. almost幾乎、差不多。 She is almost 40 years old.

　　C. totally = completely = entirely 完全地、全部地

　　D. completely = totally

　　補(bǔ)充：persuade sb to do sth勸說(shuō)某人做某事

　　D. discouraged：使某人泄氣，失去信心，反義詞：encourage:鼓勵(lì)，請(qǐng)注意dis-是一個(gè)常見(jiàn)的反義前綴。

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