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2016年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)綜合類(lèi)C級(jí)考前練習(xí)題及答案
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第1部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)(第1——15題，每題1分，共15分)
下面每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)劃有底橫線，請(qǐng)為每處劃線部分確定1個(gè)意義最為接近的選項(xiàng)。
1. Techniques to employ the energy of the sun are being developed.
A. convert
B. store
C. utilize
D. receive
2. Since the Great Depression, the United States government has protected farmers from damaging drops in grain prices.
A. slight
B. surprising
C. sudden
D. harmful
3. Medicine depends on other fields for basic information, particularly some of their specialized branches.
A. conventionally
B. obviously
C. especially
D. inevitably
4. An important part of the national government is the Foreign Service, a branch of the Department of the State.
A. a unity
B. a division
C. an embassy
D. an invitation
5. We were astonished to hear that their football team had won the champion.
A. amazed
B. amounted
C. amused
D. approached
6. There is an abundant supply of cheap labor in this country.
A. a steady
B. a plentiful
C. an extra
D. a stable
7. All living organisms, regardless of their unique identity, have certain logical, chemical, and physical characteristics in common.
A. as a result of
B. considering
C. on purpose
D. whatever
8. The most crucial problem any economic system faces is how to use its scarce resources.
A. puzzling
B. difficult
C. terrifying
D. urgent
9. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree to which they can be deliberately controlled and modified.
A. sufficiently
B. noticeably
C. intentionally
D. absolutely
10. The Constitutions, vague nature has given it the flexibility to be adapted when circumstances change.
A. imprecise
B. concise
C. unpolished
D. elementary
11. The expedition reached the summit at 10:30 that morning.
A. top of the mountain
B. bottom of that morning
C. starting point
D. site
12. The latest census is encouraging.
A. count
B. statement
C. agreement
D. estimate
13. Academic records from other institutions often become part of a university's official file and can neither be returned to a student nor duplicated.
A. borrowed
B. purchased
C. copied
D. rewritten
14. While serving in the Senate in the early 1970s, Barbara Jordan supported legislation to ban discrimination and to deal with environment problems.
A. list
B. forbid
C. handle
D. investigate
15. Gambling is lawful in Nevada.
A. legal
B. irresistible
C. enjoyable
D. profitable
第2部分：閱讀判斷(第16——22題，每題1分，共7分)
下面的短文后列了7個(gè)句子，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對(duì)每個(gè)句子做出判斷：如果該句提供的是正確信息，請(qǐng)選擇A;如果該句提供的是錯(cuò)誤信息，請(qǐng)選擇B;如果該句的信息文中沒(méi)有提及，請(qǐng)選擇C。
A Dog's Dilemma
Finding a babysitter while you go out to work is, for example, an inconvenience. For the African wild dog, one of the continent's most endangered carnivores, it's a matter of life and death. New research shows that once packs fall below a certain size, there are not enough animals to both hunt food and stay at home protecting the young.
The African wild dog has declined drastically over the past century. Habitual loss, persecution and unexplained outbreaks of disease have all been blamed. Only 3, 000 to 5, 000 animals remain, and the species is expected to go extinct within decades if the trend continues.
Other large carnivores such as the spotted hyena face similar pressures, yet are not declining. Now Franck Courchamp of Cambridge University has found a reason why. The dog's weakness lies in its social organisation.
Within each pack of up to 20 adults and pups, only the dominant male and female breed. The remaining animals help raise the pups, cooperating to hunt prey and defend the kill from other carnivores.
Because pups can't keep up on a hunt, large packs leave an adult behind to protect them from predators, which include lions and hyenas. But leaving a babysitter also carries costs. A smaller hunting party is less able to tackle large prey and to defend the kill. There is also one less stomach in which to carry food hack to the den, and one more mouth to feed when they get there.
Courchamp investigated this awkward trade-off by modelling how the costs of a babysitter change with decreasing pack size. This showed that packs of more than five adults should be able to feed all the pups and still spare a babysitter. But with smaller packs, either the hunting or the babysitting suffers, or the animals have to compensate by increasing the number of hunting excursions- which itself carries a cost to the pack.
Field observations in Zimbabwe supported the model. Packs of five animals or fewer left pups unguarded more frequently than larger packs did. There was also evidence that when they did leave a babysitter, they were forced to hunt more often.
A pack which drops below a critical size becomes caught in a vicious circle, says Courchamp, who is now at Paris-Sud University. "Poor reproduction and low survival further reduces pack size, culminating in failure of the whole pack. " And deaths caused by human activity, says Courchamp, may be what reduces pack numbers to below the sustainable threshold. Mammal ecologist Chris Carbone at London's Institute of Zoology agrees. Maintaining the integrity of wild dog packs will be vital in pre serving the species, he says.
16. The African wild dog has been endangered.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
17. The spotted hyena is on the verge of extinction.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
18. The remaining lions will die out within decades.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
19. The dominant female is always left behind to protect the young.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
20. There is a tension between babysitting and hunting.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
21. The size of a pack must be big enough for it to survive.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
22. Steps will be taken to protect the African wild dog.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
第3部分：概括大意與完成句子(第23——30題，每題1分，共8分)
閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后有2項(xiàng)測(cè)試任務(wù)：(1)第23——26題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為第2——5段每段選擇1個(gè)正確的小標(biāo)題;(2)第27——30題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇4個(gè)正確選項(xiàng)，分別完成每個(gè)句子。請(qǐng)將答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上.
Keeping Cut Flowers
1 While everybody enjoys fresh cut flowers around their house, few people know how to keep them for as long as possible. This may be done by keeping in mind a few simple facts.
2 An important thing to remember about cut flowers is that they are sensitive to temperature. For example, studies have shown that cut carnations(康乃馨)retain their freshness eight times longer when kept at 12℃ than when kept at 26℃. Keeping freshly harvested flowers at the right temperatures is probably the most important aspect of flower care.
3 Flowers are not intended by nature to live very long. Their biological purpose is simply to attract birds or insects, such as bees, for pollination(授粉). After that, they quickly dry up and die. The process by which flowers consume oxygen and produce carbon dioxide(二氧化碳), called respiration(呼吸), generates the energy the flower needs to give the flower its shape and color. The making of seeds also depends on this energy. While all living things respire, flowers have a high level of respiration. A result of all this respiration is heat, and for flowers the level of heat relative to the mass of the flower is very high. Respiration also brings about the eventual death of the flower. Thus the greater the level of respiration, the sooner the flower dies.
4 How, then, to control the rate at which flowers die? By controlling respiration. How is respiration controlled? By controlling temperature. We know that respiration produces heat, but the reverse is also true. Thus by maintaining low temperatures, respiration is reduced and the cut flower will age more slowly.
5 Another vital factor in keeping cut flowers is the quality of the water in which they are placed. Flowers find it difficult to "drink" water that is dirty or otherwise polluted. Even when water looks and smells clean, it almost certainly contains harmful substances that can endanger the flowers. To rid the water of these unwanted substances, household chlorine bleach(含氯漂白劑)can be used in small quantities. It is recommended that 15 drops of chlorine bleach(at 4% solution)be added to each liter of water. The water and solution should also be replaced each day.
23 Paragraph 2__________.
24 Paragraph 3__________.
25 Paragraph 4__________.
26 Paragraph 5__________.
A Control of Respiration
B Beauty of Fresh Cut Flowers
C Role of Respiration
D Most Important Aspect of Flower Care
E Need for Clean Water
F Ways of Stopping Respiration
27 A few simple facts will help you keep cut flowers__________.
28 Respiration plays a key role__________
29 The aging of cut flowers can be slowed down__________.
30 Another important way to prolong the life of cut flowers is__________.
A by keeping its original shape and color
B in the life of cut flowers
C to produce carbon dioxide
D for as long as possible
E by controlling temperature
F to replace the water and solution every day
第4部分：閱讀理解(第31——45題，每題3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每道題后面都有4個(gè)選項(xiàng)。請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀短文并根據(jù)短文回答其后面的問(wèn)題，從4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)最佳答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。
My Fast Job
I was six when I joined my father and two elder brothers at sunrise in the hayfields of Eufaula, Oklahoma. By the time I was eight I was helping Dad fix up low-income rental properties. He gave me a penny for every nail I pulled out of old boards.
I got my first real job, at JM's Restaurant in town, when I was 12. My main responsibilities were clearing tables and washing dishes, but sometimes I helped cook.
Every day after school I would head to JM's and work until ten. Saturdays I worked from two until eleven. At that age it was unlucky going to work and watching my friends run off to swim or play. I didn't necessarily like work, but I loved what working allowed me to have. Because of my job I was always the one buying when my friends and I went to the local bar Tastee Freez. This made me proud.
Word that I was honest and hardworking got around town. A local clothing store extended credit to me although I was only in the seventh grade. I immediately charged a $ 68 sports coat and a $ 22 pair of trousers. I was making only 65 cents an hour, and I was already $ 90 in debt! So I learned early the danger of easy credit. I paid it off as soon as I could.
My first job taught me discipline, responsibility and brought me a level of personal satisfaction few of my friends had experienced. As my father, who worked three jobs, once told me, "If you understand sacrifice and commitment, there are not many things in life you can't have." How right he was!
31 When the author was a child, he was made to help his father work because___________
A the restaurant was short of hands.
B his family belonged to the low-income group.
C he wanted to earn some money.
D he was stronger than his two brothers.
32 At the age of 12, the author got a job at a restaurant and often worked till late at night because___________
A he liked that work.
B he didn't like playing.
C he was hard-working.
D he felt rewarded by doing that work.
33 The word "Word" in the sentence "Word that I was honest and-hard-working got around town in the fourth paragraph means___________
A statement.
B advice.
C news.
D promise.
34 When the author was in the seventh grade, he was in debt because___________
A he did not work any more.
B he bought clothes on credit.
C he was charged too much for the sports coat.
D he made little money at that time.
35 What does the author want to tell the reader by this text?
A If you know sacrifice and responsibility, you can have many things in life.
B Children from poor families usually have a very unhappy childhood.
C Children should be made to work and earn some money by themselves.
D You will learn discipline and responsibility by working early in life.
Ford's Assembly Line
When it comes to singling out those who have made a difference in all our lives, you cannot overlook Henry Ford. A historian a century from now might well conclude that it was Ford who most influenced all manufacturing, everywhere, even to this day, by introducing a new way to make cars one, strange to say, that originated in slaughterhouses (屠宰場(chǎng)).
Back in the early 1900's, slaughterhouses used what could have been called a "disassembly line". Ford reversed this process to see if it would speed up production of a part of an automobile engine called a magneto. Rather than have each worker completely assemble a magneto, one of its elements was placed on a conveyer, and each worker, as it passed, added another component to it, the same one each time. Professor David Hounshell of the University of Delaware, an expert on industrial development, tells what happened.
"The previous day, workers carrying out the entire process had averaged one assembly every 20 minutes. But on that day, on the line, the assemble team averaged one every 13minutes and 10 seconds per person. "
Within a year, the time had been reduced to five minutes. In 1913, Ford went all the way. Hooked together by ropes, partially assembled vehicles were towed (拖,拉) past workers who completed them one piece at a time. It hasn't long before Ford was turning out several hundred thousand cars a year, a remarkable achievement then. And so efficient and economical was this new system that he cut the price of his cars in half, to $ 260, putting them within reach of all those who, up until that time, could not afford them. Soon, auto makers and the world all copied him.
In fact, heencouraged them to do so by writing a book about all of his innovations, entitled Today and Tomorrow. The Age of the Automobile has arrived. Today, aided by robots and other forms of automation (自動(dòng)化), everything from toasters to perfumes is made on assembly lines.
Which of the following statements about Henry Ford is NOT true____?
A.He introduced a new way of production.
B.He influenced all manufacturing.
C.He inspired other auto makers.
D.He changed a historian's mind.
37、The writer mentions "slaughterhouses" because they were the places where ____
A.Ford's assembly line originated
B.Ford made his first car
C.Ford readjusted the assembly line
D.Ford innovated the disassembly line
38、A magneto is a technical term for____
A.an automobile
B.a production line
C.a part of an automobile engine
D.a disassembly line
39、the phrase "turning out" in the last paragraph could be best replaced by____
A."producing"
B."selling"
C."buying"
D."fixing"
40、The invention of the assembly line enabled Henry Ford____
A.to create more jobs for the unemployed
B.to write a book on history
C.to reduce the price of his cars to $260
D.to cut the production of his cars by 50%
Play
Play is the principal business of childhood, and in recent years research has shown the great importance of play in the development of a human being. From earliest infancy, every child needs opportunity and the right materials for play, and the main tools of play are toys, Their main function is to suggest, encourage and assist play. To succeed in this they must be good toys, which children will play with often, and will come back to again and again. Therefore it is important to choose suitable toys for different stages of a child's development.
In recent years research on infant development has shown that the standard a child is likely to reach, within the range of his inherited abilities. is largely determined in the first three years of his life. So a baby's ability to profit from the right play materials should not be underestimated. A baby who is encouraged and stimulated, talked to and shown things and played with, has the best chance of growing up successfully.
In the next stage, from three to five years old, curiosity knows no bounds. Every type of suitable toy should be made available to the child, for trying out, experimenting and learning, for discovering his own particular ability. Bricks and jigsaws (七巧板) and construction toys; painting, scribbling (涂鴉) and making things; sand and water play; toys for imaginative and pretending play; the first social games for learning to play and get on with others.
But the third stage of playdevelopment -- from five to seven or eight years -- the child is at school. But for a few more years play is still the best way of learning, at home or at school. It is easier to see which type of toys the child most enjoys.
Until the age of seven or eight, play and work mean much the same to a child. But once reading has been mastered, then books and school become the main source of learning. Toys are still interesting and valuable, they lead on to new hobbies, but their significance has changed-to a child of nice or ten years, toys and games mean, as to adults, relaxation and fun.
The passage tells us that as a child grows up, ____
A.he should be allowed to choose his own toys
B.he should be given identical toys
C.he should be given different toys
D.he should be given fewer and fewer toys
42、 According to the passage, the abilities a child has inherited from his parents ____
A.determine his character
B.will not change after the age of three
C.partly determine the standard he is likely to reach
D.to a large extent determine the choice of toys
43、Who have the best chance of growing up successfully____?
A.Those who tend to overeat.
B.Those who are given a lot of toys.
C.Those who are given toys, talked to and played with.
D.Those who can share their toys with their playmates.
44、 We learn from the passage that a child has boundless curiosity ____
A.when he is two
B.when he is around four
C.when he is six
D.when he is eight
45、 The passage is mainly about ____
A.the importance of pre-school education
B.the importance of schooling
C.the role of play in a child's development
D.the choice of toys for adolescents
第5部分：補(bǔ)全短文(第46——50題，每題2分，共10分)
閱讀下面的短文，文章中有5處空白，文章后面有6組文字，請(qǐng)根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容選擇5組文字，將其分別放回文章原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。請(qǐng)將答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。
How to Interview People
Interviewing (采訪) is one of those skills that you can only get better at. You will never again feel so ill at ease as when you try it for the first time, and probably you'll never feel entirely comfortable trying to get from another person answers that he or she may be too shy to reveal. ___________(46) The rest is instinct, which can all be learned with experience.
The basic tools for an interview are paper and two or three well-sharpened pencils. But keep your notebook or paper out of sight until you need it. There's nothing less likely to relax a person than the arrival of someone with a note-taking pad. ___________(47) Take a while just to chat, judging what sort of person you're dealing with, getting him or her to trust you.
Never go into an interview without doing whatever homework you can. If you are interviewing a town official, know his voting record. If it's an actor, know what plays he has been in. ___________(48)
Many beginning interviewers are afraid that they are forcing the other person to answer questions and have no right to inquire about his personal secrets.___________(49) Unless the person really hates being interviewed, he is delighted that somebody wants to interview him. Most men and women lead lives that are uninteresting, and they grasp any chance to talk to an outsider who seems eager to listen.
This doesn't necessarily mean that it will go well. In general you will be talking to people who have never been interviewed before, and they will get used to the process awkwardly, perhaps not giving you anything that you can use. ___________(50) You will both even begin to enjoy it - proof that you aren't forcing your victim to do something he doesn't really want to.
A Come back another day; it will go better
B But at least half of the skill is mechanical
C As one philosopher interviewed in the film notes, they lack irony
D You will not be liked if you inquire about facts that you could have learned in advance.
E This fear is almost 100 percent unnecessary
F Both of you need time to get to know each other
第6部分：完形填空(第51——65題，每題1分，共15分)
閱讀下面的短文，文中有15處空白，每處空白給出了4個(gè)選項(xiàng)，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容從4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)最佳答案，涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。
Cost as a Factor in Supply
In a purely competitive market, the supplier of goods and services has no control over the market price, because he produces too little to influence market conditions. With no difference between his products and the products___________ (51) his competitors, he will sell nothing if he charges above the market price and he will sell all if he charges at or___________(52) the market price. However, in considering the price, he must take the___________(53) of production into consideration. There are times when he may be willing to sell below his cost. This might happen when prices tumble for___________(54) he believes will be a short time. However, no business person can ___________(55) to lose money for a prolonged period. He must be constantly ___________(56) of his costs in relation to the market price if he is to compete successfully and earn a profit.
Many people have the impression that as production increases, costs per unit decrease. ___________(57) mass production has made this true in certain industries and at certain levels of production, ___________(58) logic and practical experiences have shown that costs per unit begin to rise beyond a certain level of production. Some economists___________(59) to this principle as the law of increasing costs.
The reason costs rise as production goes up is ___________(60). However, it is easy to recognize that as production goes up, the need for additional factors of production will also grow, ___________ (61) competitive bidding in the marketplace for the factors of production. If a producer needs ___________(62) skilled labor to produce more, and none of this labor is unemployed, the producer will have to get___________ (63) from other sources. This can be done by___________(64) higher wages. Higher bidding would also apply to the other factors of production. We must also recognize that not all labor is equally productive, ___________(65) not all land is equally fertile and not all ore (礦石) is equally rich in the mineral wanted.
51 A to B at C of D on
52 A below B beneath C over D above
53 A price B cost C worth D profit
54 A that B why C what D if
55 A afford B pretend C offer D decide
56 A sure B afraid C aware D suspicious
57 A Because B since C When D While
58 A both B neither C none D any
59 A resort B refer C turn D attend
60 A clear B simple C difficult D complex
61 A bringing B resulting in C including D carrying out
62 A less B numerous C more D many
63 A them B these C it D those
64 A offering B cutting C reducing D having
65 A as if B just as C because D while
參考答案:
1.C 2.D 3.C 4.B 5.A
6.B 7.D 8.D 9.C 10.A
11.A 12.A 13.C 14.B 15.A
16.A 17.B 18.C 19.B 20.A
21.A 22.C
23. D24. C25. A26. E27. D28. B29. E30. F
31. C32. D33. C34. B35. A
36-45DACAC CCCBC
46. B47. F48. D49. E50. A
51. C52. A53. B54. C55. A
56. C57. D58. A59. B60. D
61. B62. C63. C64. A65. B
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