2015職稱英語綜合類B級考試真題及答案
2016年一年一度的職稱英語考試即將到來，為了幫助大家能順利通過2016年的職稱英語考試，下面YJBYS小編為大家?guī)?015職稱英語綜合類B級考試真題及答案，供大家參考學習，預�？忌荚嚦晒�!
第一部分：詞匯選項(第1～15題，每題1分，共15分)
下面每個句子中均有1個詞或短語劃有底橫線，請為每處劃線部分確定1個意義最為接近的選項。
1.I will not (tolerate)that sort of behavior in my class.
A.accept B.control C.observe D.regulate
參考答案：C
2.The organization was (bold) enough to face the press.
A.pleased B.powerful C.brave D.sensible
參考答案：A
3.She’s extremely competent and (industrious).
A.honest B.hardworking C.objective D.independent
參考答案：B
4.Most people find (rejection) hard to accept.
A.excuse B.client C.refusal D.destiny
參考答案：D
5.These products are (inferior to) those we brought last year.
A.narrower than B.lager than C.richer than D.poorer than
參考答案：A
6.I realized to my (horror) that I had forgotten the present.
A.fear B.limit C.power D.fool
參考答案：C
7.The law carries a (penalty) of up to three years in prison.
A.messsage B.tempt C.supply D.punishment
參考答案：C
8.We were attracted by the (lure) of quick money.
A.amount B.tempt C.supply D.sum
參考答案：B
9.There was a (simultaneous) trail taking place in the next building.
A.fair B.coexisting C.full D.public
參考答案：B
10.The doctors did not (reveal) the truth to him.
A.disclose B.hide C.handle D.establish
參考答案：A
11.The political situation in the region has (deteriorated) rapidly.
A.improved B.changed C.developed D.worsened
參考答案：C
12.They’re (petitioning) for better facilities for the disabled on public transport.
A.requesting B.planning C.preparing D.looking
參考答案：A
13. He said some (harsh) words about his brother.
A. proper B. normal C. unclear D. unkind
參考答案：A
14. He tried to (assemble) his thoughts.
A.clear B.share C. spare D. gather
參考答案：A
15. Prisoners were kept in the most (appalling) conditions.
A.flexible B. reasonable C. terrible D.serious
參考答案：D
第二部分：閱讀判斷(第16～22題，每題1分，共7分)
下面的短文后列出了7個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子做出判斷：如果該句提供的是正確信息，請選擇A;如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請選擇B;如果句的信息文中沒有提及，請選擇C。
ADHD Linked to Air Pollutants
Children have an increased of attention problems, seen as early as grade school. If their noses inhaled(吸入)a certain type of air pollution when they were pregnant. That's the finding of a new study. Released when things aren't burned completely, this pollution is known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, or PAHs. The biggest sources of these PAHs: the burning of fossil fuels, wood and trash.
Frederica Perera works at Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health is New York City. She researches how exposure to things in the environment affects children's health in a new study, she and her team studied the exposure to air pollution of 233 nonsmoking pregnant women in New York City. Because burning tobacco can spew(排放)PAHs into the air and lungs, Perera's team focused on nonsmokers. The researchers wanted to probe(探查)other sources of PAHs, ones that's would have been hard for an individual to avoid.
The team started by testing the blood of each woman during pregnancy. The reason Any PAHs in a woman's blood would also be available to the baby in her womb. Nine years later, the researchers investigated signs of attention problems in those children, now age 9. They asked each child's mother a series of questions. These included whatever her child had problems doing things that needed sustained(長期的)mental effort, such as homework or games with friends. The scientists also asked if the kids had trouble following instructions or made frequent, careless mistakes. All of these can be symptoms of a disorder called Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, or ADHD. About one in U.S. children has ADHD.
Among the women studied, traffic and home heating were the primary sources of air pollution exposure, Perera and her team suspect. Some of these women had low levels of PAHs in their blood. Ohters had high levels. Those with high levels were five times as likely to have children who showed attention problems by age 9. The new findings were published November 5 in the journal PLOS ONE.
16. Perera and her team chose nonsmoking pregnant women all over America.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
參考答案：B
17. The main purpose of the research was to find out how exposure to PAHs played a role in harming the subjects' physical health.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
參考答案：B
18. Nonsmoking mothers were selected because the effect of smoking on PAHs was unclear.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
參考答案：B
19. The blood of each woman was tested once a month during pregnancy.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
參考答案：C
20 Kids with ADHD commonly fail in school.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
參考答案：C
21. The women with high levels of PAHs in their blood were more likely to have kids with ADHD.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
參考答案：A
22. Traffic and home heating were considered to be the biggest sources of PAHs for the subjects in the research.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
參考答案：A
第三部分：概括大意與完成句子(第23—30題，每題1分，共8分)
下面的短文后有2項測試任務：(1)第23~26題要求從所給的6個選項中為第2～5段每段選擇1個最佳標題;(2)第27～30題要求從所給的6個選項中為每個句子確定1個最佳選項。
First Image-recognitions software
1) Dartmouth researchers and their colleagues have created an artificial intelligence software that uses photos to locate documents on the Internet with far greater accuracy than ever before.
2)The new system, which was tested on photos and is now being applied to videos, shows for the first time that a machine learning algorithm(運算法則)for image recognition and retrieval is accurate and efficient enough to improve large-scale document searches online. The system uses pixel(像素)data in images and potentially video—rather than just text—to locate documents. It learns to recognize the pixels associated with a search phrase by studying the results from text-based image search engines. The knowledge gleaned(收集)from those results can then be applied to other photos without tags or captions(圖片說明),making for more accurate document search results.
3)“Over the last 30 years,” says Associate Professor Korenzo Torresani, a co-author of the study,” the web has evolved from a small collection of mostly text documents to a modern, massive, fast-growing multimedia datastet, where nearly every page includes multiple pictures of videos. When a person looks at a Web page, he immediately get the gist(主旨)of it by looking at the pictures in it. Yet, surprisingly, all existing popular search engine, such as Google or Bing, strip away the information contained in the photos and use exclusively the text of Wed pages to perform the document retrieval. Our study is the first to show that modern machine vision systems are accurate and efficient enough to make effective use of the information contained in image pixels to improve document search.”
4)The researchers designed and tested a machine vision system—a type of artificialintelligence that allows computers to learn without being explicitly programmed— that extracts semantic(語義的)information from pixels of photos in Web pages. This informationg is used to enrich the description of the HTML page used by search engines for document retrieval. The researchers tested their approach using more than 600 search queries(查詢)on a database of 50 million Wed pages. They selected the text-retrieval search engine with the best performance and modified it to make use of the additional semantic information extracted by their method from the pictures of the Web pages. They found tht this produced a 30 percent improvement in precision over the original search engine purely based on text.
23. Paragraph 1 __ __
24. Paragraph 2 __ ___
25. Paragraph 3 ___ _
26 Paragraph 4 __ __
A. Popularity of the new system
B. Publication of the new discovery
C .Function of the new system
D. Artificial intelligence software created
E. Problems of the existing search engines
F .Improvement in document retrieval
參考答案：D C E F
27. The new system does document retrieval by __ ___.
28. The new system is expected to improve precision in ___ _.
29. When performing document retrieval the existing search engines ignore __ __.
30. The new system was found more effective in document search than the __ _.
A. information in images
B. current popular search engines
C. using photos
D. machine vision systems
E. document search
F. description of the HTML page
參考答案: C E A B
第四部分：閱讀理解 (第31—45題，每題3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個最佳選項。
第一篇 Why Buy Shade-Grown Coffee?
When people argue about whether coffee is good for health, they're usually thinking of the health of the coffee drinker. Is it food for your heart? Does it increase blood pressure? Does it help you concentrate? However, coffee affects the health of the human population in other ways, too.
Traditionally, coffee bushes were planted under the canopy(樹冠)of taller indigenous(土生土長的)trees. However, more and more farmers in Latin America are deforesting the land to grow full-sun coffees. At first, this increases production because more coffee bushes can be planted if there aren’t any trees. With increased production come increased profits.
Unfortunately, deforesting for coffee production immediately decreases local-wildlife habitat. Native birds nest and hide from predators(捕食者)in the tall trees and migrating birds rest there.
Furthermore, in the long term, the full-sun method also damages the ecosystem because more chemical fertilizers and pesticides are needed to grow the coffee. The fertilizers and pesticides kill insects that eat coffee plant, but then the birds eat the poisoned insects and also die. The chemicals kill or sicken other animals as well, and can even enter the water that people will eventually drink.
Fortunately, farmers in Central and South America are beginning to grow more coffee bushes in the shade. We can support these farmers by buying coffee with such labels as "shade grown" and "bird friendly." Sure, these varieties might cost a little more. But we're paying for the health of the birds, the land, ourselves, and the planet. I think it's worth it.
31. What is the main idea of this passage?
A. Farmers are changing the way they grow coffee.
B. Coffee is becoming more expensive to produce.
C. Shade-grow coffee is more expensive than sun-grow coffee.
D. People should buy shade-grown coffee.
參考答案：D
32. The function of the word "Traditionally" in Paragraph 2 is to show_____.
A. the positive effects of coffee.
B. a change of coffee growth.
C. something that is the most important.
D. how coffee production used to be.
參考答案：B
33.What does increased production of full-sun coffee bring about?
A. More insects.
B. Better quality coffee.
C. Larger farms.
D. Higher profits.
參考答案：D
34. How do farmers find more land for growing full-sun coffee?
A. They buy more land from other farmers.
B. They cut down trees.
C. They move to another country.
D. They turn grassland into farmland.
參考答案：B
35.The full-sun method may affect the following EXCEPT_____ full sun
A. insects.
B. air.
C. birds
D. humans
參考答案：B
第二篇 More Rural Research is Needed
Agricultural research funding is vital if the world is to feed itself better than it does now. Dr. Tony Fischer, crop scientist, said demand was growing at 2.5% per year but with modern technologies and the development of new ones, the world should be able to stay ahead.
“The global decline in investment in international agricultural research must be reversed if significant progress is to be made towards reducing malnutrition(營養(yǎng)不良)and poverty.” he said.
Research is needed to solve food production, land degradation(貧瘠化)and environmental problems. Secure local food supplies led to economic growth which is turn, slowed population growth. Dr. Fischer painted a picture of the world’s ability to feed itself in the first 25 years, when the world’s population is expected to rise from 5 X to X billion people. He said that things will probably hold or improve but there’ll still be a lot of hungry people. The biggest concentration of poor and hungry people would be in sub-Saharan Africa and southern Asia in 2020, similar to the current pattern. If there is any change, a slight improvement will be seen in southern Asia, but not in sub-Saharan Africa. The major improvement will be in East Asia, South America and South-East Asia.
The developing world was investing about 0.5%, or $8 billion a year, of its agricultural gross domestic product(GDP)on research and developed world was spending 2.5% of its GDP. Dr. Fischer said more was needed from all countries.
He said crop research could produce technologies that spread across many countries, such as wheat production research having spin-offs(有用的副產(chǎn)品)for Mexico, China or India.
“Technologies still need to be refined for the local conditions but a lot of the strategic research can have global application, so that money can be used very efficiently.” Dr. Fischer said.
Yields of rice, wheat ad maize(玉米)havegrown impressively in the past 30 years, especially in developing countries. For example, maize production rose from 2 to 8 tonnes per hectare between 1950 and 1995. But technologies driving this growth such as high-yield varieties, fertilizers, and irrigation, were becoming exhausted. “If you want to save the land for non-agricultural activities, for forests and wildlife, you’re going to have to increase yield.” Dr. Fischer said.
36. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Shortage of food supplies.
B. Development of agricultural technologies.
C. Impact of agricultural research.
D. Expectation of population growth.
參考答案：C
37. Which of the following statements is true about the world’s agricultural research funding?
A. It is increasing among developed countries.
B. It is decreasing worldwide.
C. Less is demanded from developing countries.
D. Most of it is spent very efficiently.
參考答案：B
38. What is the picture of Asia’s food supplies in the first 25 years?
A. Food shortage will not be a problem
B. There will be more hungry people in southern Asia.
C. Population growth will result in more hungry people.
D. There will be fewer hungry people in East Asia.
參考答案：C
39. What does Dr. Fischer say about technologies? Dr Fischer
A. They are costly.
B. They have to be improved to meet local needs.
C. Their application is limited.
D. They have to be applied locally.
參考答案：B
40. It can be infered from the last paragraph that_____.
A. there is a demand for saving land for non-agricultural activities.
B. crop production is growing faster in developing countries.
C. maize production reached its peak in the 1990s.
D. technologies improving maize production have been well developed.
參考答案：A
第三篇 Dangers await babies with altitude
Women who live in the world's highest communities tend to give birth to under-weight babies, a new study suggests. These babies may grow into adults with a high risk of heart disease and strokes.
Research has hinted that newborns in mountain communities are lighter than average. But it wasn't clear whether this is due to reduced oxygen levels at high altitude or because their mothers are under-nourished — many people who live at high altitudes are relatively poor compared with those living lower down.
To find out more, Dino Giussani and his team at Cambridge University studied the records of 400 births in Bolivia during 1976 and 1998. The babies were born in both rich and poor areas of two cities: La Paz and Santa Cruz. L Paz is the highest city in the world, at 3.65 kilometers above sea level, while Santa Cruz is much lower, at 0.44 kilometers.
Sure enough, Giussani found that the average birthweight of babies in La Paz was significantly lower than in Santa Cruz. This was true in both high and low-income families. Even babies born to poor families in Santa Cruz were heavier on average than babies born to wealthy families in lofty La Paz. "We were very surprised by this result," says Giussani.
The results suggest that babies born at high altitude are deprived of oxygen before birth. "This may trigger the release or suppression of hormones that regulate growth of the unborn child," says Giussani.
His team also found that high-altitude babies tended to have relatively larger heads compared with their bodies. This is probably because a fetus starved of oxygen will send oxygenated blood to the brain in preference to rest of the body.
Giussani wants to find out if such babies have a higher risk of disease in later life. People born in La Paz might be prone to heart trouble in adulthood, for example. Low birth weight is a risk factor for coronary(冠狀的) heart disease. And newborns with a high ratio of head size to body weight are often predisposed to high blood pressure and strokes in later life.
41. What does the new study discover?
A. Babies born to wealthy families are heaver.
B. Women living at high altitude tend to give birth to underweight babies.
C. Newborns in cities are lighter than average.
D. Low-altitude babies have a high risk of heart disease in later life.
參考答案：B
42. Giussani and his team are sure that _____.
A. babies born in Lance Paz are on average lighter than in Santa Cruz.
B. people living at high altitudes tend to give birth to underweight babies.
C. the birth weight of babies born to wealthy families is Santa Cruz.
D. mothers in La Paz are commonly under-nourished.
參考答案：A
43. It can be inferred from what Giussani says in Paragraph 4 that_____.
A. the finding was unexpected
B. he was very tired.
C. the study took longer than expected.
D. he was surprised to find low-income families in La Paz.
參考答案：A
44. The results of the study indicate the reason for the underweight babies is _____.
A. lack of certain nutrition.
B. power of their mother.
C. different family backgrounds.
D. reduction of oxygen levels.
參考答案：D
45. It can be learned about form the paragraph that_____.
A. high-altitude babies tend to have high blood pressure in later life.
B. under-weight babies have a shorter life span.
C. babies born to poor families lack hormones before birth.
D. new born wealthy families have larger heads compared with their bodies.
參考答案：B
第五部分：補全短文
Saving a City's Public Art
Avoiding traffic jams in Los Angeles may be impossible, but the city's colorful freeway murals(壁畫)can brighten even the worst commute. Paintings that depict(描述)famous people and historical scenes cover office buildings and freeway walls all access the city. With a collection of more than 2,000 murals, Los Angeles is the unofficial mural capital of the world.
But the combination of graffiti(涂鴉), pollution, and hot sun has left many L.A. murals in terrible condition. __ ___(46)in the past, experts say, little attention was given to caring for public art. Artists were even expected to maintain their own works, not an easy task with cars racing by along the freeway.
__ _(47)The work started in 2003. So far, 16 walls have been selected and more may be added later.
Until about 1960, public murals in Los Angeles were rare. But in the 1960s and 1970s, young L.A. artists began to study early 20th-century Mexican mural painting___ _(48)
The most famous mural in the city is Judith Baca's "The Great Wall," a 13-foot-high(4-meter-high)painting that runs for half a mile (0.8 kilometer) in North Hollywood, ___ __(49)it took eight years to complete—400 underprivileged teenagers painted the designs—and is probably the longest mural in the world.
One of the murals that will be restored now is Kent Twitchell's "Seventh Street Altarpiece." which he painted for the Los Angeles Olympics in 1984. _ _ (50) Twitchell said, "it was meant as a kind of gateway through which the traveler to L.A. must drive. The open hands represent peace."
Artists often call murals the people's art. Along a busy freeway or hidden in a quiet neighborhood, murals can teach people who would never pay money to see fine art in a museum, "Murals give a voice to the silent majority," said one artist.
A.The city trying to stop the spread of graffiti, has painted over some of the murals complete.
B.This striking work depicts two people facing each other on opposite sides of the freeway near downtown Los Angeles.
C.Artists like murals because they like the work of Mexican artists.
D.Now the city is beginning a huge project to restore the city's murals.
E.The mural represents the history of ethnic groups in California.
F.Soon, their murals became a symbol of the city's cultural expressions and a showcase for L.A.'s cultural diversity.
參考答案： A D C E B
第六部分：完形填空 The Internet House
A leading British building and design company has just announced their plans for the home of the future.The new design, (51) as the “Internet House”,has five bedrooms,plenty of bathrooms,plenty of bathrooms and a double garage.But these are not the main selling (52) ,for it is the 25,000 (53) of automation that makes this house really different.
It will be (54) for people who have plenty of money,but not a great (55) of time;young professionals in other words.They are likely to be (56) the idea of a microwave that provides easy-to-cook (57 via the Internet and a cooker that switches itself on or off at a command received via e-mail.
All the electrical appliances in the house, (58 the heating and lighting controls,are linked together (59) means of a gadget (小裝置)called a “router”.Using what’s called a “Webpad”,a kind of portable lap-top computer,the owners of the house tap in commands from (60 )they may be.The Webpad (61) a signal to the router,which (62) the message and then activates the necessary controls.On the way home at night,for example,the owners can switch on the the lights or (63) the central heating working,and so (64) sure that they have a nice warm welcome when they (65) into their home.
51、A、entited B known C referred D named
參考答案： B
52、A plots B plans C points D paths
參考答案： A
53、A value B price C worth D cost
參考答案： D
54、A accurate B model C precise D ideal
參考答案： D
55、A length B deal C lot D extent
參考答案： D
56、A excited B intended C interested D attracted
參考答案： B
57、A recipes B projects C receipts D invitations
參考答案： B
58、A as long as B as soon as C as well as D as far as
參考答案： C
59、A for B in C with D by
參考答案： D
60、A whatever B however C whichever D wherever
參考答案： D
61、A draws B speaks C sends D hears
參考答案：B
62、A decodes B discounts C decides D dissolves
參考答案： A
63、A lead B have C put D get
參考答案： C
64、A come B make C keep D hold
參考答案： B
65、A stay B stand C step D start
參考答案： A
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