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新員工要熟悉新工作的要求而產(chǎn)生的較低的生產(chǎn)率，造成的企業(yè)成本升高。所以企業(yè)要減少員工的流失。下面是一篇關(guān)于如何減少員工流失的中石油職稱英語考試閱讀文章，歡迎閱讀!
How to Reduce Employee Turnover 如何減少員工流失
1.The Chief Executive of a large hotelbecame awarethathis companywasexperiencing annual employee turnoverof about 60percent,at an annual costestimatedbetween$10to$15 million. This large amount of moneywas calculatedbased on three factors: the money spenthiring and trainingreplacements; the cost to the business in lowerproductivitydue toemployees becomingfamiliar withthe requirements of their new job; and reduced occupancyrates,due topoorguest satisfactionlevels.
1、一家大型酒店的總裁(the ChiefExecutive; executive n. 經(jīng)理;執(zhí)行者)注意到(became aware = was aware 意識到)，公司正在經(jīng)歷著每年(annual)流失60%的雇員的問題(that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句使用了過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài))，這種情況造成每年成本增加1000萬到1500萬美金。這么大量的資金是根據(jù)(based on 基于)以下三個(gè)因素算出來的(本句為被動(dòng)語態(tài)，was calculated by people)：(1)雇傭和培訓(xùn)新員工的花費(fèi)(spend doing sth., spend后跟現(xiàn)在分詞做賓語)，(2)由于新員工要熟悉新工作的要求(familiar withthe requirements of their new job)而產(chǎn)生的較低的生產(chǎn)率(lower productivity)造成的企業(yè)成本升高(due to 由于; familiar with 熟悉)，(3)以及由于顧客滿意度(guestsatisfaction)差而導(dǎo)致客房使用率(occupancy rates; occupancy n. 居住;占有;占用)下降。
2. The Chief Executive knewthatin order tosave his company,hehad toreduce the highturnover costs.Making upfor the lost incomedue toturnoveris not an easy taskandmanycompanieshave not declared war on unwantedemployee turnoverbecausetheyhave not takenthe timeto work outthe costs of lost revenues and productivity. The hotel boss decidedtotackle the issue head-onby implementing a4-point plan. The hotelfirsttookthe timeto calculatetheir turnovercosts;secondlyto evaluatethe main causes for the staff turnover;and thirdlyto discusssome of the solutions to theproblems;and lastlytoprioritizeactionsand evaluatefuture returns following implemented changes.
2、這位總裁已經(jīng)意識到，為了(in order todo sth.)拯救他的公司，他必須(have to dosth., have-had-had)減少髙額的員工流失(the hight turnover)成本。彌補(bǔ)由于員工流失所造成的收入損失(Making up for the lost income due to turnover, 這一串是句子的主語)不是一件容易的事情，而且目前許多公司還沒有表示要應(yīng)對不需要的員工流失(declare war on 發(fā)動(dòng)進(jìn)攻;對…宣戰(zhàn);unwanted adj. 不需要的;沒人要的;多余的)，因?yàn)?because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句)這些公司還沒有時(shí)間去搞清楚(to work out; work out 想出;算出;弄懂;解決)收入(revenues)和生產(chǎn)率損失所造成的成本增加。但是這家酒店的老板決定要直面(head-on adv.)這個(gè)問題并且解決(tackle vt.)它。他提出了四點(diǎn)計(jì)劃(implement vt.實(shí)現(xiàn);執(zhí)行)：首先，計(jì)算員工流失成本;然后估計(jì)(evaluate)這些員工流失的主要原因;第三，討論如何解決這些問題;最后確定行動(dòng)方案(prioritizevt. 把…區(qū)分優(yōu)先次序)并且評估實(shí)施這些方案之后(following implemented changes)的未來收益(future returns)。
3. Withina two-yearperiod, the results were significant. The annual employee turnoverwas reduced by78 percentandthisaffecteddown timedue totraining and guestsatisfaction. The result wasa $10 millionsavingsfor the company.
3、這個(gè)方案實(shí)施了兩年，效果顯著：每年員工流失率下降了78%( be reduced by + 數(shù)字或百分?jǐn)?shù))，而且由于省去了對新員工的培訓(xùn)，加上顧客滿意度的提高，酒店?duì)I業(yè)時(shí)間也比原來更長了(down time 停工時(shí)間)。最終的結(jié)果是酒店節(jié)省了1000萬美元。(savings n. 儲蓄;存款)
4.Becausemost do notknowthe root causes of employeeturnoverandcostshave often not been accurately estimated,causes are usually not known.As aresult, solutionsare commonlynot targetedata company’s individual, specific causes.The following is an examination ofwhatthe Chief Executive did to turn the hotel around.
4、大多數(shù)公司都不知道員工流失的根本原因在哪里，也沒有準(zhǔn)確地估算成本(本句使用了完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài))，從而弄不清真正的原因(本句使用了現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài))。結(jié)果就是公司缺乏針對單個(gè)具體問題(a company’s individual, specificcauses)的解決方式(本句使用了現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài))。 以下是我們對那個(gè)總裁所采取的拯救酒店的具體行動(dòng)(what the ChiefExecutive did to turn the hotel around)的分析。
5. Two factors were considered in relation to the calculation ofcosts: those departmentswho had thehighest rates of turnoverand thosewhose turnover had the greatestpotentialeffect onprofit. After some investigation,it was shown thatsome of the positionswith the highestturnover ratessuch ascleaners and gardeners did not carrywiththem high associated costs.In fact,what wasrevealedwas that only 6 percent of employees accounted for43 percent ofthe turnover. Positionsthat involved asubstantial amount of timein trainingwerethe onesthat attracted the highest costing. Analysisrevealedthatthose positionswithin the hotelwhich had the greatest impact on profitwere positionslikethe front officereceptionists and those working in accounts.
5、(人們)在計(jì)算成本的時(shí)候要考慮兩個(gè)因素(in relationto 關(guān)于;涉及;本句使用了過去時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài))：(1)哪些是員工流失率最高(who had thehighest rates of turnover，who引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾前面的thosedepartments)的部門和(2)哪些是員工流失對于利潤來說潛在影響最大(whoseturnover had the greatest potential effect on profit，whose turnover引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾前面的those)的部門。經(jīng)過調(diào)查研究我們得出結(jié)論，在那些員工流失率最高的部門中，一些職位的員工流動(dòng)并不會產(chǎn)生較高的成本，比如清潔員和園丁。實(shí)際上(in fact)，這項(xiàng)調(diào)查所揭露的真相(what wasrevealed是由what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句作句子的主語，并且使用了被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式;what 指someinvestigation)是43%的人員流失都是由占總員工數(shù)僅6%那一群體所造成(account for 對…負(fù)有責(zé)任;占)。那些需要大量培訓(xùn)時(shí)間(that involved a substantial amount oftime in training是that引導(dǎo)的定語從句; substantialadj. 大量的)的職位是會帶來最高的成本投入(that attracted the highest costing是that引導(dǎo)的定語從句; the ones 指的是前面提到的positions)的職位。分析表明，對酒店利潤有最大影響(within the hotel which had thegreatest impact on profit是which引導(dǎo)的定語從句)的職位是前臺接待(the front office receptionists)和財(cái)務(wù)人員(those working in accounts)。
本段告訴我們：員工流失率最高的職位是清潔員、園丁、前臺接待員和財(cái)務(wù)人員，而前兩者對利潤影響不大，后兩者對利潤影響最大。
6.As unusual as it maysound,it is nowa commonunderstandingthatoffering employees more moneyisnot necessarilya good solution tohigh employee turnover—often they leavebecausethey simplydislikethework. Therefore,it was important totackle the analysis from the perspective ofwhat were the chief causes for staffleaving.
6、盡管聽上去很不同尋常(As unusual asit may sound應(yīng)該不是形容詞比較形式，因?yàn)闆]有相互比較的內(nèi)容;參考翻譯，第一個(gè)as是轉(zhuǎn)折詞，第二個(gè)as，在網(wǎng)上查了下，as it may作“無論如何”解，因此本句可理解為：無論怎樣，聽上去都很不尋常)，但是現(xiàn)在有一個(gè)普遍接受的觀點(diǎn)(a common understanding)，那就是給員工更多的錢(offering employees more money動(dòng)名詞短語在賓語從句中做主語)并不一定(not necessarily)會是解決員工高流失率的好方法，員工流失是因?yàn)樗麄儾幌矚g這個(gè)工作。因此，分析員工離職的主要原因(the chiefcauses for staff leaving)是重要的一環(huán)(可譯為：從員工離職的主要原因這個(gè)角度進(jìn)行分析是重要的;perspective n.觀點(diǎn); what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句作of的賓語，不知這樣理解對不對)。
7.Devising solutions tothese issueswasthe otherhalfof the equation. As far arecruitingwas concerned, they changed their approachbyassigningthe tasktopersonnel from the hotel.Oncethis change was made,the attritionratesdecreased substantially.To add toemployee motivation,new staffweremade aware ofthe missionand goalsof the organization andhowtheywould be paidaboveindustry standardfor striving to attain to hotel values.New staffwere shownwhere thehotel was headingand how theywouldhave a guaranteed,stableemployment situationwith a major force in the hotel industry—it was even suggested thatafter aperiod of employment,new staffmightbe giventhe opportunityto contribute toorganizational goal setting. Theyhad been losingmany of their employeesduring the first month or two ofemployment, so theymadenew staffawarethatbonuseswould be offered tonewlyhired employeesat the end oftheir first three monthswhich greatlyassistedingoal setting.Staff luncheonsand thein-housevolleyball and basketballcompetitionsremainedan effective partofstaffunity and development, anda supportprogramwas also introducedto helpall staff with any job-related issues. This gave employeesaheightenedsenseof being cared for by the establishment.
7、設(shè)計(jì)針對這些問題的解決方法是等式的另外一半。(devise vt. 設(shè)計(jì);發(fā)明)(是這個(gè)意思嗎?分析問題的原因=解決問題的方法。瞎想的。)酒店改變了招聘方法：直接利用酒店內(nèi)部人員(personnel from the hotel)實(shí)施招聘(recruiting n.招聘;be concerned 就…而言;approach n. 方法;assign to 分配給;直譯為：就招聘而言，他們通過分派工作給酒店的內(nèi)部人員而改變他們的招聘方法)。這一方法一經(jīng)使用(被動(dòng)語態(tài))，員工流失率(the attrition rates)大幅(substantiallyadv.)下降。為了提高(to add to 不定式作目的狀語)員工的工作動(dòng)力(motivation)，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)告訴新員工公司的任務(wù)(mission)和目標(biāo)(這里“staff人員”與“people人們”一樣是集體名詞，因此要注意“主謂一致”：new staffweremade awareof… 還有，本句使用了過去時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)，即新員工被告知…)，還告訴他們，只要努力達(dá)到酒店工作標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(for striving to attain to hotelvalues)，他們就會得到髙于同行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的薪水。(噢~~~“above”應(yīng)該就是同行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之上的薪水了，本句使用了過去將來時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式; strive to dosth. 努力;attain to sth.到達(dá);獲得) 他們告訴新員工酒店的發(fā)展方向(where thehotel was heading是不是名詞性從句作賓語呀?)，并且讓他們相信，在酒店行業(yè)努力工作(with a major force in the hotelindustry)， 可以得到一份有保障的、穩(wěn)定的收入(guaranteed adj. 有保證的;stable adj. 穩(wěn)定的)——甚至告訴他們(suggest vt. 暗示)，工作一段時(shí)間以后， 新員工可能會參與到公司組織目標(biāo)的設(shè)定過程中去(contribute to sth. 有助于;促成;可譯為：公司會給新員工參與組織目標(biāo)制定的機(jī)會)。很多員工過去在酒店工作第一個(gè)月或者第二個(gè)月的時(shí)候(during thefirst month or two of employment)就離職了，因此現(xiàn)在酒店各部門要讓新員工知道(made new staff aware)，他們在工作前三個(gè)月結(jié)束的時(shí)候(at the end oftheir first three months)會拿到一筆獎(jiǎng)金(offer 提供;可譯為：酒店會給新員工發(fā)獎(jiǎng)金)，這種激勵(lì)方式幫助(assist in)員工重新設(shè)定自己的目標(biāo)。工作午餐(staff luncheons)和公司內(nèi)部的(in house)排球或籃球賽(competitionn. 比賽)有效促進(jìn)了(remain vi. 保持;依然)員工的團(tuán)結(jié)和發(fā)展(staff unity and development)，并且公司還引入了一個(gè)支持計(jì)劃(a support program)來幫助所有的員工解決工作相關(guān)的問題(to help allstaff with any job-related issues不定式作目的狀語;help sb. with sth. 在某方面幫助某人)。這樣一來，員工就會明顯感受(a heightened sense)到公司(establishment)關(guān)心他們。
8.Another area of changewhich proved successfulwas the introduction of the ValuableEmployee Program(VEP).Whena personwas employedin the pasttheywere assigneda senior member ofstaffwhoassistedthem with getting used to their newjob. Due to the limitations of thesenior member’s positionhowever,they were often notin a positiontoexplain any details regardingfutureadvancement. Now, when staffareemployed, theyare clearly toldwhat is expected in the jobandwhere it might lead for the rightcandidate. Hotel surveysrevealedthatover 30 percent ofemployeeswere not satisfiedwiththe career opportunities in their current jobs，so the articulation ofthedefiniteand realistic opportunityfor advancementthrough the VEPledtoa majordecrease inemployee attrition.
8、另外一個(gè)證明成功的.(which provedsuccessful定語從句，修飾another areaof change)改變的方面就是VEP(有價(jià)值員工工程)的引入。在過去，新人招聘進(jìn)來以后會有一個(gè)老員工來幫助他們熟悉新工作(who assistedthem with getting used to their new job定語從句，修飾a senior member of staff; get used to 習(xí)慣于…; 適應(yīng)于…)。但是，由于老員工的職位所限，他們無法給新員工規(guī)劃未來職業(yè)發(fā)展細(xì)節(jié)(regardingprep. 關(guān)于;advancement n.進(jìn)步;be to do sth. 表示按計(jì)劃或安排要做的事)。而現(xiàn)在，新員工入職后，公司就很清楚地告訴他們工作當(dāng)中所要做到的事情(what is expected in the job賓語從句)以及將來的職業(yè)發(fā)展前景(where itmight lead for the right candidate賓語從句;網(wǎng)譯：他可能會成為適合的人選;where it might lead它可能導(dǎo)致…;candidate n.候選人)。酒店的調(diào)查研究還表明，超過30%的員工對他們目前工作的職業(yè)發(fā)展機(jī)會不滿意(be satisfied with 對…感到滿意)。因此，通過VEP向員工清晰說明(articulation n.)他們的升職機(jī)會(definite adj. 一定的;確切的;realistic adj.逼真的;現(xiàn)實(shí)的)，大幅降低了員工流失率(employee attrition)(decrease in 在…方面減少;lead to sth.導(dǎo)致某種發(fā)生)。
9.Oncethe shiphad been rightedandtherelative returnson humanresource investmentshad beencalculated, setting prioritiesbecamea formality. Althoughatfirstadauntingtask, the enormous cost of employee turnover offered an excellent opportunityfor the hotelto increase profitability.
9、一旦船只恢復(fù)了平衡(rightvt. 平衡)，并且人力資源投資的相對回報(bào)(the relative returns)計(jì)算清楚以后，接下來就是要設(shè)定做事情的順序了(formality n. 儀式;正式手續(xù);設(shè)定做事的優(yōu)先順序)。盡管一開始這是一項(xiàng)艱巨的(daunting adj.)任務(wù)，但是反過來，員工流失的巨大成本又給飯店提供一個(gè)好機(jī)會來提高利潤率(to increase profitability 不定式作目的狀語)。
本文出現(xiàn)了“過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)”的句子，它由had been doing構(gòu)成。本文第7段：Hotels had been losing many of theiremployees during the first month or two of employment……很多員工過去在酒店工作第一個(gè)月或者第二個(gè)月的時(shí)候就離職了……(可譯為：酒店過去在第一個(gè)月或者第二個(gè)月的員工雇用期會失去許多員工……)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)由have/has been doing 構(gòu)成。本課使用了大量的被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式，但在翻譯時(shí)多數(shù)都使用了主動(dòng)語態(tài)形式，學(xué)習(xí)中要認(rèn)真領(lǐng)會。
練習(xí)
1.The Chief Executive of a large hotel became aware that his company wasexperiencing employee turnover of about 60 percent.
A. annual B. annul C. annually D. annals
2. for the lost incomedue to turnover is not an easy task.
A.Make up B. Making up C. Making to D. Making of
3. Many companies have notdeclaredwar on employee turnover because they have not takenthe time to the costs of lostrevenuesandproductivity.
A. unwanted; work off B. wanted; work out
C. unwanted; work out D. unwanted; work into
4. The hotel boss decidedto tacklethe issuehead-onbyimplementing .
A. 4-points plan B. a 4-point plan C. a 4-points plan
D. a 4-point plans
5. The annual employee turnover 78 percent.
A. was reducedin B. was reduced to
C. was reducedat D. was reduced by
6. In fact, was that only 6 percent of employees accountedfor 43 percent of the turnover.
A. what was revealed B.was what revealed
C. that was revealed D.which was revealed
7. To add to employeemotivation, new staff aware of themissionand goals of the organization.
A. was made B. were made C. are made
8.When a person was employed in the past they were a senior member of staff who them with getting used to their new job.
A. associated;assigned B. assisted;assigned
C. assisted;associated D. assigned;assisted
9. Hotelsurveys revealedthatover 30 percent of employeeswere notsatisfied the career opportunities in their currentjobs.
A. within B. in C. with D. to
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