2017年考研英語翻譯專項(xiàng)試題及答案

　　翻譯一

　　Wisdom born of experience should tell us that war is obsolete.(46)There may have been a time when war served as a negative good by preventing the spread and growth of an evil force, but the destructive power of modern weapons eliminates even the possibility that war may serve any good at all. In a day when vehicles hurtle through outer space and guided ballistic missiles carve highways of death through the stratosphere, no nation can claim victory in war. A so-called limited war will leave little more than a calamitous legacy of human suffering, political and spiritual disillusionment. A world war will leave only smoldering ashes as mute testimony of a human race whose folly led inexorably to ultimate death. (47)If modern man continues to toy unhesitatingly with war, he will transform his earthly habitat into a hell such as even the mind of Dante (但丁) could not imagine.

　　(48)Therefore I suggest that the philosophy and strategy of nonviolence becomes immediately a subject for study and for serious experimentation in every field of human conflict, by no means excluding the relations between nations. It is, after all, nation states, which make war, which have produced the weapons that threaten the survival of mankind and which are both genocidal and suicidal in character.

　　We have ancient habits to deal with, vast structures of power, indescribably complicated problems to solve.(49)But unless we resign our humanity altogether and yield to fear and impotence in the presence of the weapons we have ourselves created, it is as possible and as urgent to put an end to war and violence between nations as it is to put an end to poverty and racial injustice.

　　I do not minimize the complexity of the problems that need to be faced. (50)But I am convinced that we shall not have the will, the courage and the insight to deal with such matters unless in this field we are prepared to undergo a mental and spiritual re-evaluation, a change of focus which will enable us to see that the things that seem most real and powerful are indeed now unreal and have come under sentence of death. We need to make a supreme effort to generate the readiness, indeed the eagerness, to enter into the new world, which is now possible, “the city which hath foundation, whose Building and Maker is God”.

　　答案

　　46.也許曾經(jīng)有一段時(shí)間，戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)通過阻止邪惡勢(shì)力的擴(kuò)張和發(fā)展而成為負(fù)面的善舉，但現(xiàn)代武器的巨大破壞力消除了戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)成為善舉的任何可能性。

　　47.如果現(xiàn)代人繼續(xù)毫無顧忌地玩弄戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，他將使現(xiàn)世的生存環(huán)境變成但丁的心靈都無法想像的地獄。

　　48.因此，我建議將非暴力的哲學(xué)和策略立即定為一個(gè)研究課題，并在人類沖突的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域，不排除在國與國的關(guān)系中，進(jìn)行認(rèn)真的實(shí)驗(yàn)。

　　49.但是除非我們完全喪失人性，并在自己制造的武器面前完全陷入恐懼和無能，那么結(jié)束國家之間的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和暴力與結(jié)束貧窮和種族歧視同樣具有可能性和緊迫性。

　　50.但是我堅(jiān)信，除非我們?cè)谶@方面準(zhǔn)備進(jìn)行一次精神和靈魂的重新評(píng)估，改變關(guān)注點(diǎn)，以使我們看到，表面上最現(xiàn)實(shí)、最強(qiáng)大的東西其實(shí)是最不現(xiàn)實(shí)、已經(jīng)被宣判死刑的東西，我們將不會(huì)有意志、勇氣和遠(yuǎn)見來處理這些事情。

　　總體分析

　　這是一篇關(guān)于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的文章。文中談到了戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的危害性，以及如何防御戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的問題。

　　第一段：首先指出戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)是過時(shí)的，接著講述隨著現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)的進(jìn)步，戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的危害更大了，甚至?xí)��?dǎo)致整個(gè)人類的死亡。

　　第二段：作者提出了建議性的解決辦法，即將非暴力的哲學(xué)和策略定為研究課題。

　　第三段：指出終止國家之間的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)與暴力具有可能性和緊迫性。

　　第四段：重申了制止戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的可能性，即戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)是最不現(xiàn)時(shí)、已經(jīng)被宣判死刑的東西。

　　翻譯二

　　Gandhi’s pacifism can be separated to some extent from his other teachings. (46)Its motive was religious, but he claimed also for it that it was a definite technique, a method, capable of producing desired political results. Gandhi’s attitude was not that of most Western pacifists. Satyagraha, (47)the method Gandhi proposed and practiced, first evolved in South Africa, was a sort of nonviolent warfare, a way of defeating the enemy without hurting him and without feeling or arousing hatred. It entailed such things as civil disobedience, strikes, lying down in front of railway trains, enduring police charges without running away and without hitting back, and the like. Gandhi objected to “passive resistance” as a translation of Satyagraha: in Gujuruti, it seems the word means “firmness in the truth.” (48)In his early days Gandhi served as a stretcher-bearer on the British side in the Boer War, and he was prepared to do the same again in the war of 1914-1918. Even after he had completely renounced violence he was honest enough to see that in war it is usually necessary to take sides. Since his whole political life centred round a struggle for national independence, he could not and, (49)indeed, he did not take the fruitless and dishonest line of pretending that in every war both sides are exactly the same and it makes no difference who wins. Nor did he, like most Western pacifists, specialize in avoiding awkward questions. In relation to the war, one question that every pacifist had a clear obligation to answer is: “What about the Jews? Are you prepared to see them exterminated?”(50)I must say that I have never heard, from any Western pacifist, an honest answer to this question, though I have heard plenty of evasions, usually of the “you’re another” type. But it so happens that Gandhi was asked a somewhat similar question in 1938 and his answer was on record in Mr. Louis Fisher’s Gandhi and Stalin. According to Mr. Fisher, Gandhi’s view was that the German Jews ought to commit collective suicide, which “would have aroused the world and the people of Germany to Hitler’s violence.”

　　答案

　　46.其動(dòng)機(jī)是宗教性質(zhì)的，但他也說這是一種明顯的技巧，一種方法，它可以產(chǎn)生預(yù)期的政治效果。

　　47.這個(gè)由甘地提出并付諸實(shí)踐的方法，最早起源于南非，是一種非暴力的斗爭(zhēng)方式，用既不傷害對(duì)方又不會(huì)引發(fā)仇恨的手段打敗敵人。

　　48.早年間，在布爾戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間甘地曾經(jīng)為英方抬過擔(dān)架，而且在1914-1918年戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間他又準(zhǔn)備這么做。

　　49.而且也確實(shí)沒有采取毫無意義的、不誠實(shí)的態(tài)度，假裝說在所有戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中參戰(zhàn)雙方完全一樣，因而誰獲得勝利都無所謂。

　　50.我必須說，我從未從任何一個(gè)西方和平主義者那里聽到過對(duì)該問題的誠實(shí)的答復(fù)，但是卻聽大了大量的躲閃之詞，通常都是“你是另外一回事”之類的回答。

　　總體分析

　　本文是一篇介紹甘地的和平主義的文章。文章先介紹了甘地的和平主義的性質(zhì)、來源、具體形式等。接著指出了甘地作為和平主義者的獨(dú)特之處：首先，他雖然反對(duì)暴力，但并不否認(rèn)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的立場(chǎng);其次，他不躲避回答棘手的問題。

　　本文考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)：后置定語、插入語、it做形式主語的主語從句等。

　　翻譯三

　　There is no question that science-fiction writers have become more ambitious, stylistically and thematically, in recent years. (46) But this may have less to do with the luring call of academic surroundings than with changing market conditions—a factor that academic critics rarely take into account.Robert Silverberg, a former president of The Science Fiction Writers of America, is one of the most prolific professionals in a field dominated by people who actually write for a living. (Unlike mystery or Western writers, most science-fiction writers cannot expect to cash in on fat movie sales or TV tie-ins.) (47) Still in his late thirties, Silverberg has published more than a hundred books, and he is disarmingly frank about the relationship between the quality of genuine prose and the quality of available outlet. By his own account, he was “an annoyingly verbal young man” from Brooklyn who picked up his first science-fiction book at the age of ten, started writing seriously at the age of thirteen, and at seventeen nearly gave up in despair over his inability to break into the pulp magazines. (48) At his parents’ urging, he enrolled in Columbia University, so that, if worst came to worst, he could always go to the School of Journalism and “get a nice steady job somewhere”. During his sophomore year, he sold his first science-fiction story to a Scottish magazine named Nebula. By the end of his junior year, he had sold a novel and twenty more stories. (49) By the end of his senior year, he was earning two hundred dollars a week writing science fiction, and his parents were reconciled to his pursuit of the literary life. “I became very cynical very quickly,” he says. First I couldn’t sell anything, then I could sell everything. The market played to my worst characteristics. An editor of a schlock magazine would call up to tell me he had a ten-thousand-word hole to fill in his next issue. I’d fill it overnight for a hundred and fifty dollars. I found that rewriting made no difference. (50) I knew I could not possibly write the kinds of things I admired as a reader—Joyce, Kafka, Mann—so I detached myself from my work. I was a phenomenon among my friends in college, a published, selling author. But they always asked, “When are you going to do something serious?” —meaning something that wasn’t science fiction—and I kept telling them, “ When I’m financially secure.”

　　答案

　　46.但是這一點(diǎn)與其說是與學(xué)術(shù)環(huán)境具有誘惑力的召喚有關(guān)，還不如說是與變化的市場(chǎng)狀況有關(guān)——一這是一個(gè)學(xué)術(shù)評(píng)論家很少考慮的因素。

　　47.還不到四十多歲，西爾弗伯格就已出版了一百多本書籍，而他對(duì)真正散文的質(zhì)量與應(yīng)時(shí)之作的質(zhì)量之間的關(guān)系十分坦誠，毫無掩飾。

　　48.在他雙親的敦促下，他報(bào)考了哥倫比亞大學(xué)，所以即便最糟他也能進(jìn)入新聞學(xué)校，“將來總可以有一份穩(wěn)定的好工作。”

　　49.到大四結(jié)束的時(shí)候，他每星期寫科幻小說已經(jīng)可以賺兩百美元了，而他的雙親也接受了他對(duì)于文學(xué)生涯的追求。

　　50.我知道我寫不出作為讀者的我所喜歡的東西，就像喬伊斯、卡夫卡、曼恩的作品，所以我不再那么關(guān)注我所寫的東西。

　　總體分析

　　本文介紹了科幻小說家羅伯特·西爾弗伯格。文章先指出科幻小說的繁榮與市場(chǎng)需求關(guān)系緊密，接著通過介紹多產(chǎn)的科幻小說家西爾弗伯格的創(chuàng)作經(jīng)歷予以說明。

　　本文考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)：后置定語、插入語、比較結(jié)構(gòu)、同位語、上下文中詞義的選擇等。

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