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2017年考研《英語(yǔ)》翻譯題練習(xí)與答案
Text 1
The relation of language and mind has interested philosophers for many centuries.(61)The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse language could be.
Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very different rom their own.Two anthropologists—linguists,F(xiàn)ranz Boas and Edward Sapir,were pioneers in describing many native languages of North and South America during the first half of the twentieth century.
(62)We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished,as the people who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.Other linguists in the earlier part of this century,however,who were less eager to deal with bizarre(古怪的)data from“exotic(外來(lái)的)”language,were not always so grateful.(63)The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the wellstudied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data.Native American languages are indeed different,so much so in fact that Navajo could be used by the US military as a code during World WarⅡto sand secret messages.
Sapir’s pupil,Benjamin Lee Whorf,continued the study of American Indian languages.(64)Being interested in the relationship of the language and thought,Whorf developed the idea that the structure of the language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society.He reasoned that because it is easier to formulate certain concepts and not others in a given language,the speakers of that language think along one track and not along another.(65)Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which,in its strongest from,states that language imprisons the mind,and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce farreaching consequences for the culture of a society.Later,this idea became to be known as the SapirWhorf hypothesis,but this term is somewhat inappropriate.Although both Sapir and Whorf emphasized the diversity of languages,Sapir himself never explicitly supported the notion of linguistic determinism.
翻譯題解:
考題所選文章是關(guān)于語(yǔ)言和思維關(guān)系的有趣話題,文中語(yǔ)言用詞較通俗易懂,結(jié)構(gòu)也不如往年復(fù)雜,總體難度不算大。從卷面反映的情況看,第3、5句正確率較低,1、2、4句得分相對(duì)高些。
文章開(kāi)篇即指出,早在古希臘,人們就認(rèn)識(shí)到語(yǔ)言與思維有關(guān)聯(lián),而將語(yǔ)言研究用于不同的語(yǔ)言上,則是近代的事。文中以20世紀(jì)上半葉的兩個(gè)著名人類學(xué)家、語(yǔ)言學(xué)家Franz Boas 和Edward Sapir為例,指出他們對(duì)人類語(yǔ)言研究方面做出的貢獻(xiàn)。文中的另一重要人物是Sapir 的學(xué)生Benjamin Lee Whorf,他通過(guò)分析部落語(yǔ)言的興衰證明了語(yǔ)言與文化的不可分割性,提出了Sapir-Whorf假說(shuō)。下面我們對(duì)5個(gè)劃線句的翻譯分別給出具體的分析解答過(guò)程。
(61) The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse language could be.
句子分析:
這是一個(gè)帶賓語(yǔ)從句,定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句,其框架結(jié)構(gòu)分析如下:
主句的主、謂結(jié)構(gòu):The Greeks assumed that 希臘人假定
賓語(yǔ)從句:the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)與思想的過(guò)程之間有某種聯(lián)系
定語(yǔ)從句:which took root in Europe(這種想法)扎根于歐洲
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句:long before people realized how diverse language could be早在人們意識(shí)到語(yǔ)言會(huì)有多么的不同之前
翻譯技巧:
此句可以采用層層剝繭的方法,先抓住整個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu),然后再考慮具體的措詞問(wèn)題。在理清了上述結(jié)構(gòu)之后,還需注意下面幾個(gè)詞語(yǔ)的處理:
assumed 假定;認(rèn)為;以為
the process of thought思想的過(guò)程;思維過(guò)程
took root生根;在…扎下了根
很多人不能正確理解這個(gè)動(dòng)詞詞組的意思,有的譯成了“起源于…..”,“在…….出現(xiàn)了”,有的譯成了“在….占統(tǒng)治地位”,都是不可接受的翻譯。
long before 早在…之前;“在…之前早就…”
考生的錯(cuò)誤在于不能辨別long before所限定的時(shí)間順序,有譯成“在扎根歐洲很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間之前”,“不久的將來(lái)人們就意識(shí)到…”, 也有譯成“很久以前人們就意識(shí)到…”。另外, 不要與before long(不久,不久以后)相混淆
diverse “豐富;差異性;多樣性;千差萬(wàn)別”
多數(shù)人犯錯(cuò)是因?yàn)椴徽J(rèn)識(shí)該詞意思,憑印象根據(jù)拼寫(xiě)類似詞而譯成“相反;倒轉(zhuǎn);轉(zhuǎn)換”。
how diverse 多么的不同;多么的千差萬(wàn)別
could be 可能會(huì)是(can 過(guò)去式)
完整的譯文:
希臘人認(rèn)為,語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)與思維的過(guò)程之間存在著某種聯(lián)系。這種想法,早在人們意識(shí)到語(yǔ)言會(huì)有多么千差萬(wàn)別之前在歐洲就已經(jīng)根深蒂固了。
(62) We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.
句子分析:
這是一個(gè)帶原因狀語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句,其框架結(jié)構(gòu)分析如下:
主句的主、謂、賓結(jié)構(gòu):We are obliged to them 我們感激他們
原因狀語(yǔ)從句:because some of these languages have since vanished因?yàn)樽源诉@些語(yǔ)言中的一部分消失了
定語(yǔ)從句:as the peoples who spoke them die d out or became assimilated and lost their native languages 因?yàn)橹v它們的人滅亡了或同化了,并且喪失了自己的語(yǔ)言
翻譯技巧:
此句的結(jié)構(gòu)并不難掌握,主要是準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)其中的下面幾個(gè)措辭:
1)be obliged to感激,感謝某人
極少有人能譯對(duì)這個(gè)詞組,多數(shù)人根據(jù)oblige的常用意思譯為“被迫”,“有義務(wù)”,都不符原文。這里提醒考生,同樣的拼寫(xiě)可能有多種不同的含義。許多人片面追求詞匯量,以為達(dá)到5000千、6000千詞匯就沒(méi)問(wèn)題了。其實(shí),詞匯的問(wèn)題比較復(fù)雜,除了拼寫(xiě)、基本含義,還有搭配、用法、多重含義等。這些是用詞匯表、小字典進(jìn)行強(qiáng)記所無(wú)法解決的。
2)have since vanished從那以后就消失了,不復(fù)存在了;此處的since 表示 “從此以后”之意;
since 在這句中是副詞,一般人只掌握了其作為連詞和介詞的用法,而本句since后面只有單詞vanished,是謂語(yǔ)的一部分,這難倒了許多人,有的譯為“自從消失以后”,有的則譯為“自從他們絕種后”,都不正確?梢(jiàn),詞匯的學(xué)習(xí)除了注意詞義,還要留心詞性。
die out 滅絕,完全的滅亡(cease living completely; become extinct);不宜譯作 “死亡,消失”。
完整的譯文::
我們之所以感激他們,是因?yàn)閺拇艘院,這些語(yǔ)言中的一部分消失了,因?yàn)橹v這些語(yǔ)言的人要么滅絕了,要么被同化了,因而喪失了自己的語(yǔ)言。
(63) The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data.
句子分析:
這是一個(gè)帶有結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的系表結(jié)構(gòu),主句系表結(jié)構(gòu)的框架為:
The …languages were so different from.. that …各種語(yǔ)言是如此的不同,以至于……
結(jié)果狀語(yǔ):some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data.一些學(xué)者甚至指責(zé)Boas 和Sapir編造了他們的資料
定語(yǔ):The newly described languages 這些新近被描述的語(yǔ)言
介詞from 的賓語(yǔ):the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia 經(jīng)過(guò)充分研究的歐洲和東南亞的語(yǔ)言
翻譯技巧:
翻譯此句的關(guān)鍵在于掌握結(jié)構(gòu)原文的so ... that …(如此…以至于)結(jié)構(gòu);措詞表達(dá)上,應(yīng)當(dāng)注意accused sb. of sth. (指責(zé)/譴責(zé)某人作了某事),fabricating(捏造, 偽造, 虛構(gòu)),以及The newly described(這些新近被描述的),strikingly different(顯著的不同),the well studied languages(經(jīng)過(guò)充分研究的各種語(yǔ)言)的準(zhǔn)確譯法。
此句難點(diǎn)有三處:
1) strikingly different 差別顯著
許多人不理解strikingly,要么不譯,要么錯(cuò)譯為“嚴(yán)格不同”,“完全差別”。
2) so…that (如此…) 以至于
由于so…that間隔長(zhǎng),有的考生看不道這一句法結(jié)構(gòu),錯(cuò)把that后的從句當(dāng)作South Asia的定語(yǔ),譯文語(yǔ)義混亂。
3) fabricating 編造
這個(gè)詞許多人不認(rèn)識(shí),錯(cuò)譯為 “構(gòu)造”,“修飾”,“弄錯(cuò)”或“修改”。
完整的譯文::
這些新近被描述的各種語(yǔ)言與經(jīng)過(guò)充分研究的歐洲和東南亞的語(yǔ)言是如此的顯著的不同,以至于一些學(xué)者甚至指責(zé)Boas 和Sapir編造了他們的資料。
(64) Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society.
句子分析:
這是一個(gè)由現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)引起的帶同位語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句。
主句的主、謂、賓結(jié)構(gòu)為:Whorf developed the idea Whorf 逐漸形成了這種見(jiàn)解
同位語(yǔ)從句:(the idea)that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society 在一個(gè)社會(huì)里,語(yǔ)言的結(jié)構(gòu)決定習(xí)慣思想的結(jié)構(gòu)
現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ):Being interested in the relationship of language and thought(他)對(duì)語(yǔ)言與思維的關(guān)系感興趣
翻譯技巧:
本句在五題中相對(duì)較容易,不少人得了滿分。being interested in …應(yīng)譯作一個(gè)句子,即 “Whorf對(duì)語(yǔ)思維的關(guān)系很感興趣”, Developed the idea 出錯(cuò)稍多,有譯成“發(fā)明了一種認(rèn)識(shí)”,也有譯成“發(fā)展了一個(gè)注意”,都不恰當(dāng),而是“形成觀點(diǎn)”,主要是漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)要恰當(dāng); habitual thought 應(yīng)譯作 “習(xí)慣(性)思維”,而不宜譯作 “思考、思想”。同位語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)可考慮用冒號(hào)提示性方法來(lái)處理。
完整的譯文::
Whorf對(duì)語(yǔ)言與思維的關(guān)系很感興趣,他逐漸形成了這樣一種觀念:在一個(gè)社會(huì)里,語(yǔ)言的結(jié)構(gòu)決定了習(xí)慣思維的結(jié)構(gòu)。
(65) Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society.
句子分析:
這是一個(gè)帶賓語(yǔ)從句,定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句,其框架結(jié)構(gòu)分析如下:
主句的主、謂結(jié)構(gòu):Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism Whorf逐漸相信某種語(yǔ)言決定論
定語(yǔ)從句:(帶兩個(gè)并列賓語(yǔ)從句)which, …states that, …and that..這一論點(diǎn)宣稱,……而且宣稱……
并列賓語(yǔ)從句1:language imprisons the mind in 語(yǔ)言將思想禁錮其中
并列賓語(yǔ)從句2:the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society 語(yǔ)言的語(yǔ)法模式可以對(duì)某一社會(huì)文化產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響。
插入成分:in its strongest form以自己最強(qiáng)烈的形式
翻譯技巧:
此句是5個(gè)試題中最難的一句。一是結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜,句中有句,一環(huán)套一環(huán);二是一些詞語(yǔ)不宜直譯,如:come to believe 開(kāi)始相信;都需要按漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣在措辭上進(jìn)行調(diào)整,才能翻譯出正確的意思。
1)a sort of 某種
典型的錯(cuò)譯是“一系列”。某些類似漢語(yǔ)量詞的表達(dá)需要考生給予足夠重視。
2) linguistic determinism語(yǔ)言決定論
linguistic意思是“語(yǔ)言的,語(yǔ)言學(xué)的”,determinism的后綴表示“…論,…主義”,但許多人沒(méi)能掌握這一構(gòu)詞知識(shí)。
3) in its strongest form其極端說(shuō)法是;在其最強(qiáng)烈的形式下
很多人沒(méi)能根據(jù)本句的語(yǔ)境理解,而是照字面意思譯為“它的最強(qiáng)烈的形式;它的最有力的形式”,這都不符合要求。
4) imprison the mind禁錮思維
考生出錯(cuò)是由于沒(méi)找到表達(dá)imprison的恰當(dāng)漢語(yǔ),譯為“關(guān)閉思維;囚禁頭腦”。imprison把……關(guān)在監(jiān)獄中,囚禁;
5) far-reaching 深遠(yuǎn)的; 伸得很遠(yuǎn)的;
這是個(gè)合成詞,許多人沒(méi)掌握,只能根據(jù)字面猜測(cè):“遠(yuǎn)不可及的”,“遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)到達(dá)的”等等, 這些都不正確。
完整的譯文:
Whorf逐漸接受了某種語(yǔ)言決定論的觀點(diǎn);這種觀點(diǎn)的極端說(shuō)法是:語(yǔ)言禁錮了思想,語(yǔ)言的語(yǔ)法模式可以對(duì)某種社會(huì)文化產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響。
全文參考譯文
許多世紀(jì)以來(lái)哲學(xué)家一直對(duì)語(yǔ)言與思維的關(guān)系頗感興趣。(61)希臘人認(rèn)為,語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)與思維過(guò)程之間存在著某種聯(lián)系。這一觀點(diǎn)在人們尚未認(rèn)識(shí)到語(yǔ)言的千差萬(wàn)別以前就早已在歐洲扎下了根。直到最近語(yǔ)言學(xué)家才開(kāi)始認(rèn)真研究與自己的母語(yǔ)截然不同的語(yǔ)言。兩位人類學(xué)家、語(yǔ)言學(xué)家佛朗茨·博厄斯和愛(ài)德華·薩皮爾在二十世紀(jì)上半葉描述了北美和南美許多土著語(yǔ)言,在這方面他們堪稱先驅(qū)。(62)我們之所以感激他們(兩位無(wú)驅(qū)),是因?yàn)樵诖酥,這些(土著)語(yǔ)言中有一些已經(jīng)不復(fù)存在了,這是由于說(shuō)這些語(yǔ)言的部族或是消亡了,或是被同化而喪失了自己的本族語(yǔ)言。不過(guò),在該世紀(jì)早期其他語(yǔ)言學(xué)家并不那么熱心處理“異域”語(yǔ)言中的怪異數(shù)據(jù),因此他們常不被人們所稱道。(63)這些新近被描述的語(yǔ)言與已經(jīng)得到充分研究的歐洲和東南亞地區(qū)的語(yǔ)言往往差別顯著,以至于有些學(xué)者甚至指責(zé)博厄斯和薩皮爾編造了材料。美洲土著語(yǔ)言的確十分特異,納瓦霍語(yǔ)實(shí)際上在二戰(zhàn)中可以被美軍用作密碼發(fā)密碼電報(bào)。
薩皮爾的學(xué)生本杰明·李·沃夫繼續(xù)研究美洲印第安人的語(yǔ)言。(64)沃夫?qū)φZ(yǔ)言與思維的關(guān)系很感興趣,逐漸形成了這樣的觀點(diǎn):在一個(gè)社會(huì)中,語(yǔ)言的結(jié)構(gòu)決定習(xí)慣思維的結(jié)構(gòu)。他論述說(shuō),某一特定語(yǔ)言中比較容易形成某些特定概念,但與此有別的其他概念則不易形成,因此該語(yǔ)言的使用者思考問(wèn)題只會(huì)沿著這一條道而不會(huì)沿著那一條道進(jìn)行。(65)沃夫進(jìn)而相信某種類似語(yǔ)言決定論的觀點(diǎn),其極端說(shuō)法是:語(yǔ)言禁錮思維,語(yǔ)言的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)能對(duì)一個(gè)社會(huì)的文化產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響。后來(lái),這種觀點(diǎn)成為了知名的薩皮爾—沃夫假說(shuō),不過(guò)這個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)有點(diǎn)不妥。雖然薩皮爾和沃夫都強(qiáng)調(diào)各種語(yǔ)言之間的差異性,但薩皮爾自己從來(lái)沒(méi)有明確地表示過(guò)支持語(yǔ)言決定論的觀念。
Text 2
The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities. (46) Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.
If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom. (47) On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law. Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of a journalists intellectual preparation for his or her career.
(48) But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be. (49) In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.
Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists. While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers. (50) While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system.
重點(diǎn)詞匯:
discipline:
[記](méi)聯(lián)想記憶:dis(不)+cip(拿)+line(線)——不拿老百姓一針一線——紀(jì)律
n.紀(jì)律,規(guī)定 [例]Without discipline, there is no method.沒(méi)有規(guī)矩,不成方圓。
學(xué)科 [例]We will set up a new academic discipline in our school.我們將在學(xué)校設(shè)立一門(mén)新的理論學(xué)科。
訓(xùn)練 [例]The mountaineer has been under perfect discipline. 那登山隊(duì)員受過(guò)良好的訓(xùn)練。
[派]disciplined a.受過(guò)訓(xùn)練的,遵守紀(jì)律的
preserve:
[記](méi)詞根記憶:pre(預(yù)先)+serve(保持)——便于長(zhǎng)久保存而預(yù)先采取措施——保護(hù),保藏
Vt.保護(hù),維持 [例]preserve one’s eyesight 保護(hù)視力
保存,保藏 [例]Tom preserved the meat in the fridge.湯姆將肉保存在了冰箱里。
腌制 [例]The local people use smokehouses to preserve tons of fish and other seafood annually.每年,當(dāng)?shù)厝死醚剖襾?lái)腌制成噸的魚(yú)和其它海產(chǎn)品。
parallel:
[記](méi)para(類似)+llel——類似的
a.平行的,并聯(lián)的 [例]parallel lines 平行線
[考]run parallel to/ with 與…平行;parallel to/ with 平行的,并聯(lián)的
competent:
[記](méi)來(lái)自compete(vi.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)),com(加強(qiáng))+pete(競(jìng)爭(zhēng))——競(jìng)爭(zhēng)
a。有能力的,勝任的 [例]Young as he is ,this new manager is really competent.這位新來(lái)的經(jīng)理盡管很年輕,但是非常有能力。
[派]incompetent a.不合格的,不勝任的;competently ad。勝任地,適合地
interpretations:
[記](méi)來(lái)自interpret——inter(在…之間)+prêt——在兩種語(yǔ)言之間——口譯
Vt。解釋,說(shuō)明 [例]The professor asked me to interpret the long difficult sentence in front of the class.教授讓我在全班同學(xué)面前解釋那句又長(zhǎng)又難得句子
了解,認(rèn)為 [例]I interpreted her answer as a refusal.我把她的回答理解為是一種拒絕。
口譯 [例]I interpreted the ambassador’s remarks for everybody.我為大家口譯了大使的話。
[派]interpretation n.解釋;口譯;interpreter n.口譯者,解釋者
well-grounded: ad.基礎(chǔ)牢固的, 有充分根據(jù)的
翻譯題解:
46. Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.
句子分段: Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions || as the special preserve of lawyers, || rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.
句子結(jié)構(gòu): 1) 主干結(jié)構(gòu):簡(jiǎn)單句legal learning has been viewed as...rather than...;2) view...as中間插入介詞詞組in such institutions作狀語(yǔ),該詞組的含義要到前一句話中去找,指的是“Canadian universities”。
詞的處理: institution機(jī)構(gòu);special preserve專門(mén)的工作;intellectual equipment知識(shí)素養(yǎng);educated受過(guò)良好教育的
參考譯文:
傳統(tǒng)上,在加拿大的高等學(xué)府里,學(xué)習(xí)法律一直被看作是律師的專門(mén)工作,而不是一個(gè)受過(guò)良好教育的人所必須具備的知識(shí)素養(yǎng)。
47. On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.
句子分段: On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner || which is parallel to the links || journalists forge on a daily basis || as they cover and comment on the news.
句子結(jié)構(gòu): 1) 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句+省略引導(dǎo)詞的定語(yǔ)從句+as引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句;2) these concepts的含義也要到前邊的句子中去找,指的是前面提到的justice, democracy and freedom;3) which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句which is...the news修飾manner,其中包含了定語(yǔ)從句journalists...daily basis,修飾links以及as引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句。
詞的處理: concept觀念;everyday reality日常生活中的實(shí)際情況;in a...manner以……方式;parallel類似的,相似的;forge使形成;on a basis以……為基礎(chǔ);cover報(bào)道
參考譯文:
另一方面,法律又將正義、民主和自由這些觀念與日常生活中的實(shí)際聯(lián)系在一起,其方式就如同新聞工作者在報(bào)道和評(píng)論新聞事件時(shí),以日常生活為基礎(chǔ),使這些觀念與實(shí)際情況相結(jié)合一樣。
48. But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.
句子分段: But the idea || that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen || rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.
句子結(jié)構(gòu): 1) 主語(yǔ)+that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句+謂語(yǔ)(rest on)+賓語(yǔ)(an understanding of...);2) the established conventions和special responsibilities均修飾news media。
詞的處理: profoundly深刻地;rest on建立在……之上,以……為基礎(chǔ)或根據(jù);understanding理解,共識(shí);established既定的,確認(rèn)的;convention規(guī)范;news media新聞媒體
參考譯文:
但是,新聞工作者對(duì)于法律的理解應(yīng)該比普通公民更加深刻,這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)是在對(duì)于新聞媒體的既定規(guī)范和特殊的社會(huì)責(zé)任有深刻認(rèn)識(shí)的基礎(chǔ)之上建立的。
49. In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.
句子分段: In fact, it is difficult to see || how journalists || who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution || can do a competent job on political stories.
句子結(jié)構(gòu): 1) 形式主語(yǔ)it+表語(yǔ)+真實(shí)主語(yǔ)how...political stories;2) 真實(shí)主語(yǔ)是how引導(dǎo)的從句,該從句的主語(yǔ)是journalists,謂語(yǔ)部分是can do...;who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾journalists。
詞的處理: see設(shè)想,想象;grasp領(lǐng)會(huì),理解;basic feature基本特點(diǎn);competent令人滿意的;story新聞報(bào)道
參考譯文:
實(shí)際上,很難想象那些對(duì)于加拿大憲法的基本特點(diǎn)缺乏清晰了解的新聞工作者能夠勝任政治新聞報(bào)道的工作。
50. While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.
句子分段:While comment and reaction from lawyers || may enhance stories, || it is preferable for journalists || to rely on their own notions of significance and || make their own judgments.
句子結(jié)構(gòu):while引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句+形式主語(yǔ)it+真實(shí)主語(yǔ)to rely on...and make...。
詞的處理: reaction反應(yīng);enhance提高,提升;preferable更可取的,更好的;rely on依靠,依賴;notion見(jiàn)解,看法;significance重要性,意義;make one’s own judgment作出自己的判斷
參考譯文:
律師的評(píng)論和反應(yīng)當(dāng)然能夠提升新聞報(bào)道的價(jià)值,但是,記者們最好還是依靠自己對(duì)于事件重要性的認(rèn)識(shí)來(lái)做出判斷。
全文翻譯:
幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái),有關(guān)法律的研究一直被看成是歐洲各國(guó)大學(xué)的一門(mén)基本的知識(shí)學(xué)科。不過(guò),只是在最近幾年有關(guān)法律的研究才成為加拿大大學(xué)教育的一門(mén)學(xué)科。傳統(tǒng)上,在加拿大的高等學(xué)府里,學(xué)習(xí)法律一直被看作是律師的專門(mén)工作,而不是一個(gè)受過(guò)良好教育的人所必須具備的知識(shí)素養(yǎng)。幸運(yùn)的是,加拿大的許多大學(xué)正在樹(shù)立法律教育更傳統(tǒng)、更具有大陸特性的觀念,有些甚至已經(jīng)開(kāi)始授予法律學(xué)士學(xué)位。
如果有關(guān)法律的研究正在開(kāi)始成為普通教育一個(gè)不可缺少的學(xué)科的話,那么它的目的和方法應(yīng)該會(huì)即刻吸引新聞學(xué)教育家。法律是一門(mén)學(xué)科,這門(mén)學(xué)科鼓勵(lì)進(jìn)行有責(zé)任的判斷。一方面,它為分析像公正、民主以及自由這樣的概念提供機(jī)會(huì)。另一方面,法律又將正義、民主和自由這些觀念與日常生活中的實(shí)際聯(lián)系在一起,其方式就如同新聞工作者在報(bào)道和評(píng)論新聞事件時(shí),以日常生活為基礎(chǔ),使這些觀念與實(shí)際情況相結(jié)合一樣。比如,有關(guān)證據(jù)和事實(shí)、基本權(quán)利和公眾利益這樣的概念在新聞判斷和新聞制作過(guò)程中起作用,就像在法庭上一樣。通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)并且反省法律來(lái)強(qiáng)化判斷是一名新聞?dòng)浾邽槠涫聵I(yè)進(jìn)行知識(shí)準(zhǔn)備時(shí)渴望實(shí)現(xiàn)的。
但是,新聞工作者對(duì)于法律的理解應(yīng)該比普通公民更加深刻,這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)是在對(duì)于新聞媒體的既定規(guī)范和特殊的社會(huì)責(zé)任有深刻認(rèn)識(shí)的基礎(chǔ)之上建立的。政治,或者更廣泛一點(diǎn),國(guó)家的職能,是新聞?dòng)浾邎?bào)道的一個(gè)主要方面。他們對(duì)國(guó)家運(yùn)作的方式了解越多,他們的報(bào)道就越優(yōu)秀。實(shí)際上,很難想象那些對(duì)于加拿大憲法的基本特點(diǎn)缺乏清晰了解的新聞工作者能夠勝任政治新聞報(bào)道的工作。
此外,法律體系以及其中發(fā)生的事件是新聞?dòng)浾邎?bào)道的主題。雖然與法律有關(guān)的新聞報(bào)道的性質(zhì)差別很大,但是,許多新聞?dòng)浾哌^(guò)分依賴律師提供給他們的詮釋。律師的評(píng)論和反應(yīng)當(dāng)然能夠提升新聞報(bào)道的價(jià)值,但是,記者們最好還是依靠自己對(duì)于事件重要性的認(rèn)識(shí)來(lái)做出判斷。
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