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英語寫作中的修辭介紹

時間:2024-08-27 20:35:35 英語寫作 我要投稿
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英語寫作中的修辭介紹

  英語寫作中的修辭

英語寫作中的修辭介紹

  修辭手段一般主要用于文學性寫作中。但在大學英語的英文寫作中有時也需要運用一定的具有英文特征的修辭手段,而且運用得好,會使語句生動從而增添語句亮點。因此,掌握一些一般常用修辭手段對于實現(xiàn)語句亮點也是非常必要的。對于大學英語寫作來說,主要應該掌握以下修辭手段,又稱語句辭格,包括結(jié)構(gòu)辭格與語義辭格。對比、排比、重復、倒裝等為結(jié)構(gòu)辭格,轉(zhuǎn)義、雙關、矛盾等則為語義辭格。

  1.對比正反對比就是要巧妙地運用對稱的英文句式來表達互為補充的意思,因此恰當?shù)剡\用反義詞語往往是必不可少的。如果一旦所要表達的內(nèi)容具有這種情況,就應盡力選用這種對稱的句式并選用適當?shù)姆戳x詞語來加強語句,實現(xiàn)語句的亮點。

  1)如“很多人很快就會發(fā)現(xiàn),他們在物質(zhì)上是富裕了,精神上卻很貧乏”,可以這樣達:

  Many people will soon find themselves rich in goods,but ragged in spirit.(注:句中rich in與ragged in,goods與spirit具有正反對比的關系和效果。)

  2)如“利遠遠大于弊”,可以這樣表達:

  The advantages for outweigh the disadvantages.(注:句中the advantages與the disadvantages具有正反對比的關系和效果。)

  3)如“他們注意到了這些說法中的一些道理,但他們卻忽視了一個重要的事實”,可以這樣表達:

  They have noticed a grain of truth in the statements,but have ignored a more important fact.(注:句中have noticed與have ignored,a grain of truth in the statements與a more important fact具有正反對比的關系和效果。)

  4)如“這樣做既有積極效果也有消極效果”,可以這樣表達:

  It will have both negative and positive effects by so doing.(注:句中negative與positive具有正反對比的關系和效果)

  5)如“我們既有與我們很為相似的朋友,又有與我們很為不同的朋友”,可以這樣表達:

  We have friends similar to us and friends different from us.(注:句中similar to與different from具有正反對比的關系和效果)

  2.排比英文中有時也使用排比句式,這種句式整齊而有氣勢,又不會使人感到單調(diào)。例如,如“讀書使我們聰明,鍛煉使我們強健”,可以這樣表達:

  Reading makes us wise while exercises make us strong. 3.重復英文一般講求簡潔,因此為表達強調(diào)偶爾使用重復可以使語句的強調(diào)內(nèi)容得到突出。英文的重復又根據(jù)被重復詞語在語句中的位置分為句首重復、句尾重復、首尾重復、尾首重復等。

  1)如“現(xiàn)在是忘掉過去一切的時候了。現(xiàn)在是言歸正傳的時候了,F(xiàn)在是為未來而奮斗的時候了”,可以這樣表達:

  Now is the time to forget everything in the past. Now is the time to get down to the business. Now is the time to work hard for the future.(注:此句為句首重復,重復部分為句首的now it the time to)

  2)如“我們渴望成功,而且正在為成功而努力工作”,可以這樣表達:

  We long for success and we are working hard for success.(注:此句為句尾重復,重復的部分為句尾的for success.)

  3)如“我相信我們能夠成功,我相信我們也一定會成功”,可以這樣表達:

  I am convinced that we can succeed,and Iam convinced that we must succeed.(注:and所連接的兩個語句的句首與句尾部分同時重復,重復的部分為句首的I am convinced that與句尾的succeed)

  4)如“我們現(xiàn)在生活在一個新的時代,而一個改革充滿著風險與機遇”,可以這樣表達:

  We are now living in a new era,and a new era of reform is always full of ventures and chances.(注:and之前的句尾與and之后的句首重復,重復部分為a new era.)

  4.倒裝這里說的倒裝不同于前述非修辭性的語法結(jié)構(gòu)倒裝。非修辭性的語法結(jié)構(gòu)倒裝是語句的語法結(jié)構(gòu)所限定的,沒有自由選擇的余地,只要運用需要倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)的句型就要采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。這里所說的倒裝是指修辭性語義結(jié)構(gòu)倒裝,是進行強調(diào)的一種手段,它利用了語句句首(或句尾)的特殊位置。例如,如“充滿著風險與機遇的改革的新時代正向我們走來”,可以這樣表達:

  Now on coming to us is the new era of reform full of ventures and chances. 5.轉(zhuǎn)義轉(zhuǎn)義是一種對詞語靈活運用的修辭手段,主要有比喻、擬人、夸張、反語、婉轉(zhuǎn)等,比喻又包括明喻、暗喻、換喻、提喻等。

  1)如要表達“過去的經(jīng)歷就像圖片一樣總是在腦海中縈繞”,英文可為:

  What had been experienced in the past was always looming in memory like a picture.(注:此句采用明喻,明喻的特點是使用了like一詞)

  2)如要表達“我們的英語老師就是我們最好的英語辭典”,英文可為:

  Our English teacher is our best English dictionary.(注:此句采用暗喻,暗喻的特點是利用事物之間的相似之處進行比喻,與明喻不同之處在于不使用like一詞)

  3)如要表達“我正在讀莎土比亞的書呢”,英文可為:

  I am reading Shakespeare.(注:此句采用換喻,換喻的特點是直接借用一事物的名稱宋代替另一事物的名稱,使用通過聯(lián)想理解其含義,但不是所有的事物都是可以用換喻來表達的)

  4)如要表達“這里需要一個幫手”,英文可為:

  A hand is needed here.(注:此句采用提喻,提喻的特點是用一個事物的部分來代表事物的整體或用一個事物的整體來代表事物的部分。這里用hand一詞代表整個人)

  5)如要表達“巨大的不幸籠罩著整個城市”,英文可為:

  A great misfortune crept over the whole city.(注:此句采用擬人。擬人的特點是將事物人格化)

  6)如要表達“這種想法可真是偉大的愚蠢”,英文可為:

  This is really a great stupid idea.(注:此句采用反語。反語的特點是故意將話反說,具有諷刺意味)

  7)如要表達“我太渴望成功了。聽到成功的消息我欣喜若狂”,英文可為:

  I was mad for success and on the news of success I went mad with joy.(注:此句采用夸張?鋸埖奶攸c是為表現(xiàn)事物的特征故意夸大其詞)

  高中英語語法-高中英語語法重點難點回顧之三

  高中英語語法重點難點回顧之三

  little,no,some, 等修飾。

  I have read all the book (that) you gave me.

  4)先行詞被 the only, the very, the same, the last 修飾時。

  He is the only person that I want to talk to.

  5)先行詞既有人又有物時。They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.

  先行詞是表示地點時,要根據(jù)從句的謂語動詞是及物的還是不及物的。如果是及物的就用that(which),否則用where。

  This is the house where he lived last year.

  This is the house that (which) he visited last year.

  用no sooner…than和hardly…when引導的從句表示“剛……就……”。主句中的動詞一般用過去完成時,從句用過去時;而且主句一般倒裝,把助動詞had提到前面。例如:Hardly had I entered the room when I heard a loud noise.

  代詞作主語時,主謂語序不變。Here it is. Here he comes.

  當句首狀語為表示地點的介詞詞組時也常常引起全部倒裝。

  South of the city lies a big steel factory.

  From the valley came a frightening sound.

  表語置于句首時,倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)為“表語+連系動詞+主語”。

  Present at the meeting were Professor White,Professor Smith and many other guests.

  Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people.

  Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys.

  He has been to Beijing. So have I.

  Li Wei can’t answer the question. Neither can I.

  部分倒裝

  用于省略if的虛擬條件狀語從句。Had you reviewed your lessons,you might have passed the examination.

  3.用于“形容詞(或名詞、動詞)+as(though)引導的讓步狀語從句中。例如:Pretty as she is ,she is not clever.

  Try as he would, he might fail again.

  如果從句的表語是名詞,其名詞前不加任何冠詞。

  Child as he was, he had to make a living.

  用于no sooner…than…,hardly…when和not until的句型中。Not until the teacher came did he finish his homework.

  用于never,hardly,seldom,scarcely, barely, little,often,at no time,not only,not once等詞開頭的句子。

  Never shall I do this again.

  Little did he know who the woman was.

  6.用于以only開頭的句子(only修飾副詞,介詞短語或狀語從句時)。Only this afternoon did I finish the novel.

  Only in this way can you master English.

  Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in.

  如果only后面的詞組不是狀語,則不用倒裝。

  Only Wang Ling knows this.

  用于某些表示祝愿的句子。May you succeed!祝你成功!

  stomach-stomachs,a German-three Germans,

  an American-two Americans,man cook - men cooks;

  papers 報紙, 文件 manners禮貌 drinks飲料

  in a word 簡言之?in other words 換句話說

  have words with 與某人吵嘴

  have a few words (a word) with sb.與某人說幾句話

  The crowd were running for their lives.

  某些集體名詞, 如people, police, cattle等, 只當復數(shù)看待, 謂語動詞必須用復數(shù)。The police are searching for him.

  高中英語語法-高中英語語法重點難點回顧之二

  高中英語語法重點難點回顧之二

  d that she (should) stay in bed for a few days.

  He demanded that we (should) start right away.

  作advice,idea,order,demand,plan,proposal,suggestion,request等名詞的表語從句和同位語從句,其謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)“(should)+動詞原形”。例如:We all agreed to his suggestion that we(should) go to Beijing for sightseeing.

  My idea is that we (should) do exercises first.

  在feel, hear, notice, observe, see, watch, have, let, make等詞后的補足語中,不定式不帶to。但是這些句子如果變成被動結(jié)構(gòu)時,就必須帶to。例如:I often hear him sing the song.

  He is often heard to sing the song.

  注意:不定式動詞在介詞but, except, besides后面時,如果這些介詞之前有行為動詞do的各種形式,那么,這些介詞后的不定式不帶to,否則要帶to.如:

  She could do nothing but cry.

  What do you like to do besides swim?

  I have no choice but to go.

  作定語的不定式如果是不及物動詞,或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的地點、工具等,不定式后面須有相應的介詞。例如:He is looking for a room to live in.

  There is nothing to worry about.

  Please give me a knife to cut with.

  There / It is no use/ good/ not any use/ good/ useless doing sth.

  動詞后可以用動名詞作賓語,但不能用不定式:

  admit,appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, feel like, finish, forgive, give up, imagine, include, keep, mention,mind,miss,practise, put off, resist, risk, suggest, can’t help, can’t stand(無法忍受)等。

  I tried not to go there.(我設法不去那里。)

  I tried doing it again.(我試著又干了一次。)]

  mean to do 有意... mean doing意味著...

  I mean to come early today.(我打算今天早些來。)

  Missing the train means waiting for another hour.

  (誤了這趟火車意味著再等一個小時。)

  allow, advise, forbid, permit

  We don’t allow smoking here. We don’t allow students to smoke.

  動詞need,require,want作“需要”解,其后跟動詞作它的賓語時,若表示的含義是被動的,必須用動名詞,或不定式的被動式。例如:

  The window needs(requires, wants)cleaning(to be cleaned).

  在短語devote to, look forward to, pay attention to, stick to, be used to, object to,thank you for, excuse me for 等后的動詞也必須用動名詞形式:I look forward to hearing from you soon.

  Badly polluted, the water cannot be drunk.(原因)

  Being written in haste, the composition is full of mistakes.

  (原因,強調(diào)寫的過程,故應用現(xiàn)在分詞一般被動式)

  Having been deserted by his guide, he couldn’t find his way through the jungle.(為了強調(diào)已完成的動作)

  Asked to stay, I couldn’t very well refuse.

  這里 asked 可能意味著 having been asked, 也可能意味著when/since I was asked, 但用了 having been asked 就不會有歧義。

  下面句中過去分詞表示的時間與謂語動詞所表示的時間相同,所以不能代之以強調(diào)先于謂語動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞完成被動式。例如:

  Covered with confusion, I left the room.我很窘地離開了房間。

  United, we stand; divided, we fall. 團結(jié)則存,分裂則亡。

  He used to live in London, use(d)n’t he /didn’t he?

  There used to be a cinema here before the war, use(d)n’t there /didn’t there?

  Such things ought not to be allowed, ought they?

  He ought to be punished, oughtn’t he?

  但在正式文體中,用ought we not形式。例如:

  We ought to go, ought we not?或We ought to go ,should we not?

  含有情態(tài)動詞must的句子表示推則,作“想必”解時,疑問部分不可用mustn’t。若前句強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在情況的推測,疑問部分用aren’t(isn’t)十主語,例如:You must be tired,aren’t you?若陳述部分的must表示“有必要”時,附加疑問句部分則用needn’t。例如:You must go home right now, needn’t you?

  當mustn’t 表示禁止時,附加疑問部分一般用must。如:

  You mustn’t walk on grass, must you?

  前句謂語動詞是must have+過去分詞時,若前句強調(diào)對過去情況的推測(一般有過去時間狀語),疑問部分的謂語動詞用didn’t+主語;若前句強調(diào)動作的完成,疑問部分的謂語動詞用haven’t(hasn’t)+主語, 例如:

  He must have met her yesterday, didn’t he?

  You must have seen the film, haven’t you?

  陳述句謂語部分出現(xiàn)否定詞綴時(前綴或后綴),疑問部分仍用否定結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:He is unfit for his office, isn’t he?

  如果陳述部分包含有no, never, hardly, seldom, few, little,nowhere, nothing等否定或半否定詞時,疑問部分用肯定形式。例如:He is hardly 14 years old,is he?

  如果陳述部分的主語為everyone,someone,no one等不定代詞,其疑問部分的主語可用he,也可用they。

  Everyone knows his job, doesn’t he?

  Everyone knows their job,don’t they?

  No one was hurt,were they?

  I’m late, aren’t I?

  One can’t be too careful,can one(you)?

  Have a cup of tea, will you?

  Let’s go there,shall we? Let us go there,will you?

  同位語從句跟在名詞后面,進一步說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。引導同位語從句的名詞主要有fact, news, promise, idea, truth等。連接詞用that (不用which)及連接副詞how, when, where, why等。例如:

  His delay is due to the fact that the car went wrong halfway.

  The news that our team has won the match is true.

  She asked the reason why there was a delay.

  關聯(lián)詞只能用whether不能用if表示“是否”的情況如下:

  A)在表語從句和同位語從句中。例如:

  The question is whether the film is worth seeing.

  The news whether our team has won the match is unknown.

  B)在主語從句中,只有用it作形式主語時,whether和if都能引導主語從句,否則,也只能用whether。例如:

  Whether we shall attend the meeting hasn’t been decided yet.

  It hasn’t been decided whether(if)we shall attend the meeting.

  C)在介詞之后。(介詞往往可以省略)例如:

  It all depends (on) whether they will support us.

  D)后面直接跟動詞不定式時。

  He doesn’t know whether to stay or not.

  E)后面緊接or not 時。

  We didn’t know whether or not she was ready.

  F)引導讓步狀語從句,只能用whether。

  Whether you like it or not, you must do it well.

  G)用if會引起歧義時。例如:Please let me know if you like it.

  該句有兩個意思:“請告訴我你是否喜歡”。

  或“如果你喜歡,請告訴我!庇昧藈hether就可以避免。

  在下面幾種情況下必須用“that”引導定語從句:

  1)先行詞是不定代詞:all,few,little, much,something,nothing,anything等。All that we have to do is to practise every day.

  2)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級所修飾。

  The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.

  3)先行詞被all,any,every, each, few,

  高中英語語法-高中英語語法重點難點回顧之一

  高中英語語法重點難點回顧之一

  主謂一致?茧y題:

  Five minutes is enough to do this exercise.

  Each boy and each girl wants to serve the people in future.

  More than one student has seen the film.

  Many a ship has been damaged in the storm.

  More members than one are against your plan.

  一些有兩個部分構(gòu)成的名詞表示衣物或工具作主語時, 謂語通常用復數(shù)形式:glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors等。

  但如果主語用a kind of , a pair of , a series of等加名詞構(gòu)成時, 謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。A pair of shoes was on the desk.

  并列主語如果指的是同一個人、同一事物或同一概念時, 謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式, 這時and后面的名詞沒有冠詞。例如:

  Truth and honesty is the best policy.

  The girl’s teacher and friend is a young doctor.

  To love and to be loved is the great happiness.

  Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.

  A knife and fork is on the table.

  當主語后面跟有as well as, as much as , no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引導的詞組時, 其謂語動詞的單、復數(shù)按主語的單、復數(shù)而定。例如:

  The teacher as well as the students was excited.

  The room with its furniture was rented.

  A (great) number of修飾可數(shù)復數(shù)名詞, 謂語動詞用復數(shù); a great deal of,a large amount of 修飾不可數(shù)名詞, 其短語作主語時, 謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

  關系代詞who, that, which等在定語從句中作主語時, 其謂語動詞的數(shù)應與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。例如:

  Those who want to go please sign your names here.

  Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun.

  季節(jié)、月份、星期、節(jié)日、假日、一日三餐、學科名稱,球類、棋類名詞名稱前一般不加冠詞。

  1/2 one(a) half 1/4 one(a) quarter

  形容詞的順序:

  系動詞be,grow,get,become,feel,appear,prove,seem,look,keep,smell,taste,sound,turn,remain限定詞+數(shù)量形容詞(序數(shù)詞在前,基數(shù)詞在后)+性狀形容詞+大小、長短、高低等形體+新舊+顏色+國藉+材料

  Those three beautiful large square old brown wood table

  某些以a-開首的形容詞例如:afraid,alike,alone,asleep,awake, alive 等只能作表語,不能作定語。

  某些以-ly結(jié)尾的詞是形容詞而不是副詞:friendly,lively, lovely,lonely,likely,deadly,silly,orderly, timely等。

  1)close接近地 closely仔細地,密切地

  2)free 免費地 freely自由地,無拘束地

  3)hard努力地 hardly幾乎不

  4)late 晚,遲 lately 近來

  5)most 極,非常 mostly主要地

  6)wide廣闊地,充分地 widely廣泛地

  7)high高 highly高度地,非常地

  8)deep深,遲 deeply抽象意義的“深”

  9)loud大聲地 loudly大聲地(含有喧鬧的意思)

  10)near鄰近 nearly幾乎

  bad/ill,badly worse worst little less least

  表示一方不及另一方時,用“l(fā)ess+原級+than”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示:This room is less beautiful than that one.

  表示一方超過另一方的程度或數(shù)量時,可在比較級前加表示程度的狀語,如:even,a lot,a bit,a little,still,much,far, yet, by far等修飾:He works even harder than before.

  注意:by far 通常用于強調(diào)最高級。用于比較級時,一般放在比較級的后面, 如放在前面,應在二者中間加“the”。

  He is taller by far than his brother.

  He is by far the taller of the two brothers.

  某些以-or結(jié)尾的形容詞進行比較時,用to代替than。superior,junior,senior等。

  He is superior to Mr Wang in mathematics.

  在比較從句中為了避免重復通常用that(those),one(ones)代替前面出現(xiàn)的名詞。that指物,one既可指人,也可指物。that可代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞,而one只能代替可數(shù)名詞。例如:

  The book on the table is more interesting than that on the desk.

  A box made of iron is stronger than one made of wood.

  表示倍數(shù)的比較級有如下幾種句型:

  A is three (four,etc.) times the size (height, length, width,etc) of B.

  The new building is four times the size (the height) of the old one.

  這座新樓是那座舊樓的四倍大(四倍高)。[高三倍]

  A is three (four, etc.) times as big (high, long, wide, etc.) as B.

  Asia is four times as large as Europe.亞洲是歐洲的四倍大。

  A is three (four,etc.) times bigger (higher, longer, wider) than B.

  例如:Your school is three times bigger than ours.

  你們的學校比我們的學校大三倍。

  表示兩倍可以用 twice 或 double。

  表示“最高程度”的形容詞,如excellent,extreme,perfect等,沒有最高級,也不能用比較級。

  如果復數(shù)名詞前有many、few,不可數(shù)名詞前有much、little等表示量的形容詞時,該用so而不用such。如:

  I’ve had so many falls that I’m black and blue all over.

  Mr White got so little money a month that he could hardly keep body and soul together.

  但little不表示數(shù)量而表示“小”的意思時,仍用such。如:

  They are such little children that the they cannot clean the house by themselves.

  6)almost與nearly

  在very, pretty, not后用nearly, 不用almost。例如:

  I’m not nearly ready.

  在any, no, none, never前用almost, 不用nearly。例如:

  I almost never see her.

  need 表示“需要”或“必須”,作情態(tài)動詞時,僅用于否定句或疑問句中。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to或should 代替。例如:

  You needn’t come so early.

  Need I finish the work today? --Yes, you must.

  注意:needn’t have done“表示本來不必做某事而實際上做了某事”。例如:You needn’t have waited for me.

  “should have done”表示應該做到而實際上沒有做到。

  You should have started earlier.

  “ought to have done”表示過去應做某事而實際未做。

  You ought to have helped him (but you didn’t)

  書報的標題,小說等情節(jié)介紹常用一般現(xiàn)在時。

  表示感覺,愿望和狀態(tài)的某些動詞如have, be, hear, see, like等詞一般不用進行時。

  有些動詞形式上是主動結(jié)構(gòu),但表示被動的意思。常見的有可和 well, easily 等副詞連用的不及物動詞sell,wash,write,read,clean,cook等。例如:

  The cloth washes well.這布很經(jīng)洗。

  The new product sells well.這新產(chǎn)品很暢銷。

  The pen writes well.這支筆很好寫。

  在動詞 arrange,command, demand, desire,insist, order,propose, request, require, suggest等后面的賓語從句中用“(should)+ 動詞原形”(虛擬語氣)例如:

  We suggested that we (should) have a meeting.

  We insisted that they (should) go with us.

  The doctor ordere

  高中英語語法-高中英語語法講義5

  高中英語語法講義5

  高考高頻難詞

  1.alter v. 改變,改動,變更

  2.burst vi.n. 突然發(fā)生,爆裂

  3.dispose vi. 除掉;處置;解決;處理(of)

  4.blast n. 爆炸;氣流 vi. 炸,炸掉

  5.consume v. 消耗,耗盡

  6.split v. 劈開;割裂;分裂 a.裂開的

  7.spit v. 吐(唾液等);唾棄

  8.spill v. 溢出,濺出,倒出

  9.slip v. 滑動,滑落;忽略

  10.slide v. 滑動,滑落 n. 滑動;幻燈片

  11.bacteria n. 細菌

  12.breed n. 種,品種 v. 繁殖,產(chǎn)仔

  13.budget n. 預算 v. 編預算,作安排

  14.candidate n. 候選人

  15.campus n. 校園

  16.liberal a. 慷慨的;豐富的;自由的

  17.transform v. 轉(zhuǎn)變,變革;變換

  18.transmit v. 傳播,播送;傳遞

  19.transplant v. 移植

  20.transport vt. 運輸 n. 運輸,運輸工具

  21.shift v. 轉(zhuǎn)移;轉(zhuǎn)動;轉(zhuǎn)變

  22.vary v. 變化,改變;使多樣化

  23.vanish vi. 消滅,不見

  24.swallow v. 吞下,咽下 n. 燕子

  25.suspicion n. 懷疑,疑心

  26.suspicious a. 懷疑的,可疑的

  27.mild a. 溫暖的,暖和的;溫柔的,味淡的

  28.tender a. 溫柔的;脆弱的

  29.nuisance n. 妨害,討厭(的人或事物)

  30.insignificant a. 無意義的,無足輕重的

  31.accelerate vt. 加速,促進

  32.absolute a. 絕對的,無條件的;完全的

  33.boundary n. 分界線,邊界

  34.brake n. 剎車,制動器 v. 剎住(車)

  35.catalog n. 目錄(冊) v. 編目

  36.vague a. 模糊的,不明確的

  37.vain n. 徒勞,白費

  38.extinct a. 絕滅的,熄滅的

  39.extraordinary a. 不平常的,特別的,

  40.extreme a. 極度的,極端的 n. 極端,過分

  41.agent n. 代理人,代理商;動因,原因

  42.alcohol n. 含酒精的飲料,酒精

  43.appeal n./vi. 呼吁,懇求

  44.appreciate vt. 重視,賞識,欣賞

  45.approve v. 贊成,同意,批準

  46.stimulate vt. 刺激,激勵

  47.acquire vt. 取得,獲得;學到

  48.accomplish vt .完成,到達;實行

  49.network n. 網(wǎng)狀物;電視網(wǎng);網(wǎng)絡

  50.tide n. 潮汐;潮流

  51.tidy a. 整潔的,整齊的

  52.trace vt. 追蹤,找到 n. 痕跡,蹤跡

  53.torture n./vt. 拷打,折磨

  54.wander vi. 漫游,閑逛

  55.wax n. 蠟

  56.weave v. 織,編

  57.preserve v. 保護,保存,保持,維持

  61. abuse v. 濫用,虐待;謾罵

  62. academic a. 學術的;;研究院的

  63. academy n. (高等)?圃盒;學會

  64. battery n. 電池(組)

  65. barrier n. 障礙;棚欄

  66. cargo n. (船、飛機等裝載的)貨物

  67. career n. 生涯,職業(yè)

  68. vessel n. 船舶;容器,器皿;血管

  69. vertical a. 垂直的

  70. oblige v. 迫使,責成;使感激

  71. obscure a. 陰暗,模糊

  72. extent n. 程度,范圍,大小,限度

  73. exterior n. 外部,外表 a. 外部的,外表的

  74. external a. 外部的,外表的,外面的

  75. petrol n. 汽油

  76. petroleum n. 石油

  77. delay vt./n. 推遲,延誤,耽擱

  78. decay vi. 腐爛,腐朽

  79. decent a. 像樣的,體面的

  80. route n. 路;路線;航線

  81. ruin v. 毀壞,破壞 n. 毀滅,[pl.]廢墟

  82. sake n. 緣故,理由

  83. satellite n. 衛(wèi)星

  84. scale n. 大小,規(guī)模;等級;刻度

  85. temple n. 廟宇

  86. tedious a. 乏味道,單調(diào)的,

  87. tend vi.易于,趨向

  88. tendency n.趨向,趨勢

  89. ultimate a. 最大的,最終的 n. 極端

  90. undergo v. 經(jīng)歷,遭受

  91. abundant a. 豐富的,充裕的,大量的

  92. adopt v. 收養(yǎng);采用;采納

  93. adapt vi. 適應,改編,改寫 vt. 使適應

  94. bachelor n. 學士,學士學位;單身漢

  95. casual a. 偶然的,;臨時的;非正式的

  96. trap n. 陷阱,圈套 v. 設陷阱捕捉

  97. vacant a. 空的,未占用的

  98. vacuum n. 真空,真空吸塵器

  99. oral a. 口頭的,口述的,口的

  100. optics n. (單、復數(shù)同形)光學

  高中英語語法-高中英語語法講義6

  高中英語語法講義6

  101. organ n. 器官,風琴

  102. excess n. 過分,過量,過剩

  103. expel v. 驅(qū)逐,開除,趕出

  104. expend v. 消費

  105. expenditure n. 支出,消費;經(jīng)費

  106. expense n. 開銷,費用

  107. expensive a. 花錢多的;價格高貴的

  108. expand v. 擴大,擴張;展開,膨脹

  109. expansion n. 擴大,擴充;發(fā)展,膨脹

  110. private a. 私人的,個人的

  111. individual a. 個別的,單獨的 n. 個人,個體

  112. personal a. 個人的,私人的;親自的

  114. personnel [總稱]人員員工人事部門

  115. the Pacific Ocean 太平洋

  116. the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋

  117. the Arctic Ocean 北冰洋

  118. the Antarctic Ocean 南冰洋

  119. grant vt. 授予,同意,準予

  119. grand a. 宏偉大,壯麗的,重大的

  120. invade v. 侵入,侵略,侵襲

  121. acid n. 酸,酸性物質(zhì) a. 酸的;尖刻的

  122. acknowledge v. 承認;致謝

  123. balcony n. 陽臺

  124. calculate vt. 計算,核算

  125. calendar n. 日歷,月歷

  126. optimistic a. 樂觀

  127. optional a. 可以任選的,非強制的

  128. outstanding a. 杰出的,突出的,顯著的

  129. export n. 出口(物) v. 出口,輸出

  130. import n. 進口(物) v. 進口,輸入

  131. impose vt. 把...加強(on);采用,利用

  132. religion n. 宗教,宗教信仰

  133. religious a. 宗教的

  134. victim n. 犧牲品,受害者

  135. video n. 電視,視頻 a. 電視的,錄像的

  136. videotape n. 錄像磁帶

  v. 把...錄在錄像帶上

  137. offend v. 冒犯,觸犯

  138. bother v. 打攪,麻煩

  139. interfere v. 干涉,干擾,妨礙

  140. internal a. 內(nèi)部的,國內(nèi)的

  141. beforehand ad. 預先,事先

  142. racial a. 人種的種族的

  143. radiation n. 放射物,輻射

  144. radical a.根本的;激進的

  145. range n. 幅度,范圍

  v. (在某范圍內(nèi))變動

  146. wonder n. 驚奇,奇跡

  v. 想知道,對...感到疑惑

  147. isolate vt. 使隔離,使孤立

  148. issue n. 問題,爭論點;

  發(fā)行,(報刊)一期

  149. hollow a. 空的,中空的,空虛道

  150. hook n. 鉤 vt. 鉤住

  151. adequate a. 適當?shù)?足夠

  152. adhere vi. 粘附,附著;遵守,堅持

  153. ban vt. 取締,禁止

  154. capture vt. 俘虜,捕獲

  155. valid a. 有效的,有根據(jù)的;正當?shù)?/p>

  156. valley n. 山谷,峽谷

  157. consistent a. 堅固定 一致的

  158. continuous a. 繼續(xù)的,連續(xù)(不斷)

  159. continual a. 不斷地,頻繁的

  160. explode v. 爆炸;爆發(fā);激增

  161. exploit v. 剝削;利用,開采

  162. explore v. 勘探

  163. explosion n. 爆炸;爆發(fā);激增

  164. explosive a. 爆炸的;極易引起爭論的

  165. remote a. 遙遠的,偏僻的

  166. removal n. 除去,消除

  167. render vt. 使得,致使

  167. render vt.呈遞, 歸還, 著色, 匯報, 致使, 放棄, 表演, 實施vi.給予補償n.交納, 粉刷, 打底

  168. precaution n. 預防,防備,警惕

  169. idle a. 懶散的,無所事事的

  170. identify vt. 認出,鑒定

  171. identify n. 身份;個性,特性

  172. poverty n. 貧窮

  173. resistant a. (to)抵抗的,

  抗...的,耐...的

  174. resolve vt. 解決;決定,決意

  175. barrel n. 桶

  176. bargain n. 便宜貨 vi. 討價還價

  177. coarse a. 粗的,粗糙的,粗劣的

  178. coach n. 教練;長途公共汽車

  179. code n. 準則,法規(guī),密碼

  180. coil n. 線圈 v. 卷,盤繞

  181. adult n. 成年人

  182. advertise v. 為...做廣告

  183. advertisement n. 廣告

  184. agency n. 代理商,經(jīng)銷商

  185. focus v. (使)聚集

  n. 焦點,中心,聚焦

  186. forbid vt. 不許,禁止

  187. debate n./v. 辯論,爭論

  188. debt n. 欠債

  189. decade n. 十年

  190. enclose vt. 圍住;把...裝入信封

  191. encounter vt./n. 遭遇,遭到

  192. globe n. 地球,世界;地球儀

  193. global a. 全球的;總的

  194. scan vt. 細看;掃描;瀏覽

  195. scandal n. 丑事,丑聞

  196. significance n. 意義;重要性

  197. subsequent a. 隨后的,后來的

  198. virtue n. 美德,優(yōu)點

  199. virtual a. 實際上的,事實上的

  200. orient vt. 使適應

  (to,toward)使朝向 n. 東方

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