高中?荚~匯及解析
詞匯是學(xué)習(xí)英語的基礎(chǔ),為了幫大家加深印象,小編整理了高中一些常見的英語詞匯的解析,希望能幫到大家!
agree that作“認(rèn)為……”解,其后跟賓語從句。例如:
I agree that your composition is very good. 我認(rèn)為你的這篇作文寫得不錯(cuò)。
allow;let 二者均可作“允許”解,但各有側(cè)重: allow重在“允許”或“容許”,也可表示客氣的請(qǐng)求。例如: He allowed me to take his dictionary.他允許我拿走他的詞典。 Will you allow me to use your bike? 我可以用你的自行車嗎? let作“允許”或“讓”解,主要用于口語,一般可與allow互換。作“允許”解時(shí),常暗含“聽任”、“默許”之意;作“讓”解時(shí),常含“祈使”或“建 議”之意。注意:let之后作賓補(bǔ)的不定式不帶to,且不可用于被動(dòng)語態(tài),而allow則相反。例如: Please let me walk with you(=Please allow me to walk with you.).我(請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我)跟你一起走。注:allow常用于allow sb.to do sth.或allow doing sth.結(jié)構(gòu)中。
although; though; as
三者均可表示“盡管;雖然”,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。although用法較正式,語氣較強(qiáng);though較常用;as則主要用于倒裝句。它們的用法有如下幾點(diǎn)值得注意:
狀語從句由although, though或as引導(dǎo),主句之前不可有but, and, so, however等并列連詞,但可有yet或still等副詞。although與though?苫Q。例如:
Although/Though he believes it, yet he will not act. 他雖然相信它,但卻不肯有所行動(dòng)。
as表示“盡管;雖然”,只能用于倒裝句,即:將表語、狀語或謂語動(dòng)詞放在as之前。though也可這么用。例如:
Young as/though he is, he knows a lot. 他雖然年紀(jì)不大,卻懂得很多。
注意:如果表語是單數(shù)名詞,要省略a。例如:
Child as/though he is, he can speak two foreign languages. 雖然他是個(gè)孩子,但他會(huì)說兩門外語。
though可以放在句末,表示“但是”,although卻不能。例如:
They said they would come; they did not, though. 他們說他們會(huì)來,可是他們并沒有來。
although只用來陳述“事實(shí)”,不能表示“假設(shè)”。因此可以說even though“即使”以及as though“好像(=as if)”,不能說even although或as although。例如:
I believe you are on duty—even though you’re in plain clothes. 盡管你穿著便衣,我相信你是在值勤。
among/between
這兩個(gè)介詞都有“在……之間”的意思。between常用于兩者之間;among一般指三者或三者以上之間。若指三個(gè)以上人或物中的每兩個(gè)之間時(shí),仍然要用between。
例如:The girl walked between her father and mother.這個(gè)女孩走在她父親和母親之間。
She is the tallest among her classmates.她在她同學(xué)之間是最高的。
Switzerland lies between France,Italy,Austria and Germany.
瑞士位于法國、意大利、奧地利和德國之間。
argue debate dispute 都含“辯論”的意思。 argue 著重“說理”、“論證”和“企圖說服”, 如:
I argued with her for a long time, but she refused to listen to reason.
我和她辯論了好久, 但她還是不聽。
debate 著重“雙方各述己見”, 內(nèi)含“交鋒”的意思, 如:
We have been debating about the issue. 我們一直在就這個(gè)問題進(jìn)行辯論。
dispute 指“激烈爭辯”, 含有“相持不下”或“未得解決”之意,如:
Whether he will be elected as chairman is still disputed.他是否當(dāng)選為主席, 仍然有爭論。
argue;quarrel;discuss 這三個(gè)動(dòng)詞均有“爭”的意思,但“爭”法不同。
argue著重就自己的看法或觀點(diǎn),提出論證,同他人“爭論”或“辯論”。例如:
We heard them arguing in the other room.我們聽見他們?cè)诹硪粋(gè)房間里爭論。
另外,argue同with搭配,其后接人;與about連用,其后接事物。例如:
We argued with them about this problem for a long time.這個(gè)問題我們同他們辯論了很長時(shí)間。
quarrel是指對(duì)某事不喜歡或強(qiáng)烈不滿而發(fā)生的“爭吵”或“吵架”。同with搭配,其后接某人;和about連用,其后接某事。例如:
He often quarrels about their housework with his wife.他常為家務(wù)事同妻子爭吵。
discuss是指認(rèn)真交換自己的意見或看法的“討論”。例如:
We'll discuss the use of the articles tomorrow.明天我們將討論冠詞的用法。
as (so) far as; as (so) long as
as(so)far as的意思是“就……而言(所知)”,as (so) far as sth.is concerned是其中一種具體用法,意為“就某事而言”;as (so) long as意為“只要”,引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。如:
As far as I know, more than million laid-off workers have found their new jobs.
就我所知,一千多萬下崗工人已經(jīng)找到了新的工作。
There is nothing that we can’t do so / as long as we keep on trying to do it.
只要我們不斷地努力去做,就沒有什么事干不成。
As far as the tourism of China is concerned, there is a long way to go.
就中國的旅游業(yè)而言,需要做的工作還很多。
asleep/sleeping 二者都是形容詞。asleep僅用作表語,不能作定語,表示“睡著,熟睡”的意思;而sleeping一般只能用作定語,放在名詞前,表示“睡眠中的,休止的”意思。
如:我們不能說:an asleep baby,但可以說:a sleeping baby(一個(gè)熟睡的嬰兒)。
再如:He was asleep with his head on his arms.他頭枕著手臂在熟睡。
asleeping dog正在熟睡的狗 sleeping car臥車 sleeping bag睡袋
assert,affirm,maintain assert宣稱、斷言,常指某人主觀自信,堅(jiān)持己見,有時(shí)不顧客觀事實(shí)而斷言下結(jié)論。 affirm指以事實(shí)為依據(jù),深信不疑地肯定某種觀點(diǎn)或看法。 maintain指在相反的證據(jù)或論點(diǎn)面前,重申原來的某種觀點(diǎn)、立場(chǎng)。
A.Despite all the policeman’s questions the suspect ___ that he had been at home all evening.
B.It is nonsense to ___ that smoking does not damage people’s health.
C.Throughout his prison sentence Dunn has always ___ his innocence.
Answers:A. affirmed B. assert C. maintained
as though;even though;though as though(=as if),意為“好像;似乎”,引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句或表語從句。如:
He spoke as though(as if)he had been here before.他說話的口氣好像他以前來過這里。
It looks as if(as though)it is going to rain.看起來好像要下雨。
even though(=even if),意為“即使”,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。though也引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,意為“雖然”;even though有退一步設(shè)想的意味,與though不同。though引導(dǎo)的句子所說的是事實(shí),even though引導(dǎo)的句子所說的則不一定是事實(shí)。例如:
He will not tell the secret even though(even if)he knows it.即使他知道這個(gè)秘密,他也不肯說出來。
He will not tell the secret though he knows it.他雖然知道這個(gè)秘密,但他不會(huì)說出來。
at the beginning;in the beginning at the beginning 在……初;在……開始的時(shí)候。常與of連用。例如: Students usually have a study plan at the beginning of term. 學(xué)生們?cè)陂_學(xué)初制定學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃。 in the beginning 相當(dāng)于at first,表示“起初、開始”時(shí),含“起初是這種情況,而后來卻不是這種情況”之意,不與of連用。例如: In the beginning,some of us took no interest in physics. 起初我們有些人對(duì)物理不感興趣
about; around; round 作副詞時(shí)都含“四處”、“遍地”的意思。 about 系常用詞, 如:
look about四處看。
around 具有 about 的基本意思, 因此 look about=look around, 但在下列短語里 around沒有 about正式, 如:
travel around 各處旅行
round 和 around在非正式用法中可以互換, 但一般用 round時(shí)更簡練。在正式用語中, 一般用 round指“旋轉(zhuǎn)”, 而用 around指“處處”, “到處”, 如:
She turned round at such a noise. 聽到這樣的吵聲, 她回頭看。
I have been looking for it all around. 我到處都找過了。
另外, 英國人用 round的地方, 美國人傾向于用 around, 如:
[英] Winter comes round.
[美] Winter comes around.
above all;after all;at all
above all意為“尤其是”、“首先”、“最重要的是”,常位于句首或句中,作插入語,起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。如:
But above all tell me quickly what I have to do.可首先快些告訴我該做什么。
A clock must above all keeps good time.時(shí)鐘最重要的是必須走得準(zhǔn)。
after all意為“畢竟”、“終究”、“終歸”、“到底”,在句中位置較靈活?晌挥诰涫住⒕渲谢蚓淠。如:
After all,your birthday is only two weeks away.畢竟,兩周后就是你的生日。
He is,after all,a small child.他畢竟還是個(gè)小孩子。
He failed after all.他終于失敗了。
at all用于否定句時(shí),意為“絲毫;根本”,用于疑問句時(shí)意為“究竟;到底”,用于條件句時(shí),常譯為“當(dāng)真;實(shí)在”。用于肯定句中,表示說話人的某種情緒或情感(如懷疑或驚奇等),意為“竟然”等。如:
He doesn’t like you at all.他根本不喜歡你。
Are you going to do it at all?你究竟做不做這件事?
If you do it at all,do it well.若你真要做這件事,就得做好。
I was surprised at his coming at all.他竟然來了,我很驚訝。
add; add to; add…to; add up to
add作“加,增加”解時(shí),既可作及物動(dòng)詞,又可用作不及物動(dòng)詞;作“又說,補(bǔ)充說”解時(shí),與直接或間接引語連用。如:
If the tea is too strong, add some more hot water. 如果茶太濃了,再加點(diǎn)開水。
After a short while, he added that he would try his best. 過了一會(huì)兒,他又接著說他會(huì)盡力。
add to意為“增添,增加,增進(jìn)”。如:
The bad weather added to our difficulties. 惡劣的.天氣增加了我們的困難。
add...to意為“把……加到……”,是把前一項(xiàng)加到后一項(xiàng)之后或之中。如:
Add two to seven, and you will get nine.七加二等于九。
add up to意為“加起來總共是/累計(jì)得”,該短語不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如:
All his school education added up to no more than one year. 他的學(xué)校教育加起來不過一年。
affair; thing; matter; business
affair意為“事情、事件”, 含義較廣,泛指已做或待做的事;復(fù)數(shù)affairs一般指商業(yè)事務(wù)及政府的日常事務(wù),如財(cái)政管理、外交事務(wù)等。
thing意為“事情、事物”,不管大事小事、好事壞事均稱為thing,一般不能專指事務(wù);復(fù)數(shù)things還可作“形勢(shì)”解。
matter側(cè)重指須留心的要事或問題、難題。
business作“事務(wù)、事情”解時(shí),一般不能用復(fù)數(shù),常常指所指派的任務(wù)、責(zé)任;有時(shí)說的是指派的工作或商業(yè)上的買賣活動(dòng)。
a great deal; a great deal of
a great deal用作名詞,意為“大量”,“許多”,作主語、賓語;用作副詞,意為“很”或“非常”,作狀語,修飾動(dòng)詞或用來強(qiáng)調(diào)比較級(jí)。如:
A great deal has been studied and this is the best way. 經(jīng)過大量研究后,這(被認(rèn)為)是最好的辦法。
We are a great deal cleverer than before. 我們比以前聰明多了。
a great deal of意為“大量的”,“非常多的”,相當(dāng)于much,作定語,后接不可數(shù)名詞。如:
A great deal of time/money/energy has been spent on the project.
大量的時(shí)間/金錢/能源花在那個(gè)工程上了。
agree on;agree to;agree with;agree that
agree on作“就……取得一致意見”解。例如:
The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month.
上月,就建一座新汽車廠之事達(dá)成了協(xié)議。
agree to有兩層含義和用法:
其一是to作為動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào),其后跟動(dòng)詞原形,作“同意(答應(yīng))做某事”解。
例如: My father agreed to buy a new pen for me. 父親答應(yīng)給我買支新鋼筆。
其二是to作為介詞,之后跟表示“計(jì)劃/條件/建議等一類的名詞或代詞”。例如:
They have a greed to our plan. 他們已同意我們的計(jì)劃。
agree with作“同意某人的意見”解,其后可跟表示人的名詞或代詞,也可跟表示“意見”或“說的話”的名詞或從句。例如:
He agreed with my opinions. 他同意了我的意見。
We agreed with what he said at the meeting. 我們同意他在會(huì)上講的話。
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