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金融英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)說(shuō) unit4
引導(dǎo)語(yǔ)：金融英語(yǔ)unit4,由應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生培訓(xùn)網(wǎng)整理而成，謝謝您的閱讀。
Unit 4
Listen carefully and choose the best answer to the question after each dialog. Scripts & Answers
Dialog 1
M: Well, you’re back at last from the bank. W: Yes, just now. The manager of the Credit Department said that they will learn about the economic performance of our business from the financial statements submitted to them. M: Exactly. He can make a comparison between the financial statements of one year with those of the next year. It is particularly helpful in understanding a company’s financial position. W: I understand that if we want to borrow money from a bank, we should prepare accounting reports and submit to the bank our financial statements on all the activities of operating, investing and financing of our company. M: Yes. The manager will read the statements and get the data implied by the accounting reports in order to make decision. Question: What need to be submitted to the bank according to the dialog? (B)
譯文
男： 啊，你總算從銀行回來(lái)了。 女： 是，剛到。銀行信貸部的經(jīng)理說(shuō)，他們可以從我們提交給他們的財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表中 了解企業(yè)的業(yè)績(jī)。 男： 完全正確。他可以把一年的財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表與下一年的財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表進(jìn)行對(duì)比。這樣特 別有助于了解公司的財(cái)務(wù)狀況。 女： 我知道了，如果我們要從銀行借錢，我們就必須準(zhǔn)備會(huì)計(jì)報(bào)告，向銀行提供 所有有關(guān)企業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)、投資以及融資活動(dòng)的財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表。 男： 對(duì)。銀行經(jīng)理要閱讀這些財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表，獲取會(huì)計(jì)報(bào)表所含的信息，以便作決定。
Dialog 2 W: Now let’s review the entity concept. There is an example here. We have a business, a barbershop, as example. The balance of the owner’s equity account is $30,000 at the end of the year. The owner explains that only half of that amount—$15,000—is the net income from operations of the business. The other $15,000 is the receipt from the sale of his private motorboat. What do you think of his way of making the financial report? M: The owner is all wet. According to the entity concept, he should account for the money generated by the business—one economic unit—separately from the money generated by the sale of an item belonging not to the business but to his private property a second economic unit. W: Thumbs up! In fact, this separation makes it possible to view the barbershop’s financial position clearly. Question: What can we learn from the example? (C)
譯文
女： 現(xiàn)在讓我們復(fù)習(xí)會(huì)計(jì)主體概念。舉個(gè)例子。一個(gè)理發(fā)店在年底其業(yè)主權(quán)益賬 戶余額是30,000 美元。老板解釋說(shuō)，其中只有一半，即15,000 美元，是企業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)所得的凈收入。另一半15,000 美元是出售他個(gè)人所有的摩托艇的收 入。對(duì)他這樣做財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)告，你們?cè)趺纯? 男： 老板大錯(cuò)特錯(cuò)。按照會(huì)計(jì)主體概念，他應(yīng)該把來(lái)自于企業(yè)——一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)單 位——經(jīng)營(yíng)的收入與他的私有財(cái)產(chǎn)的出售所得收入分開(kāi)記賬，他的個(gè)人財(cái)產(chǎn) 屬于另一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)單位，不屬于該企業(yè)。 女： 太棒了。經(jīng)營(yíng)主體分離的做法有助于更好地了解理發(fā)店的財(cái)務(wù)狀況。
Dialog 3
M: Professor, would you please tell me what must be classified as business assets? W: That’s all right. Er … assets of a business are the items expected to be of benefit in the future. Land, buildings, and equipment are examples of plant assets. M: What about cash, accounts receivable, and notes receivable due within a year or less? W: They are all current assets. M: Which is more liquid, demand deposit with a bank or accounts receivable? W: Demand deposit, of course. It is the most liquid other than cash. Question: Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an asset? (B) 譯文
男： 教授，麻煩您告訴我哪些項(xiàng)目應(yīng)該劃歸為企業(yè)資產(chǎn)? 女： 好吧。嗯⋯⋯企業(yè)的資產(chǎn)是有望在未來(lái)獲利的項(xiàng)目。比如土地、房屋、設(shè)備 等都是固定資產(chǎn)。 男： 那么現(xiàn)金、應(yīng)收賬款以及一年內(nèi)到期的應(yīng)收票據(jù)屬于什么呢? 女： 都是流動(dòng)資產(chǎn)。 男： 哪一項(xiàng)更具流動(dòng)性，銀行活期存款還是應(yīng)收賬款? 女： 當(dāng)然是銀行活期存款。除現(xiàn)金外，它是流動(dòng)性最強(qiáng)的。
Dialog 4
W: All right, now let’s review the accounting equation. It is known that the accounting equation shows the relationship among assets, liabilities and owner’s equity. The equation is the basic tool used by accountants when they prepare financial statements. It is very interesting, isn’t it? M: Yes, it is. I find it is easy for us to explain a balance sheet according to the equation. You see, assets usually appear on the left-hand side of the accounting equation and liabilities and owner’s equity on the right-hand side of the accounting equation. W: Liabilities and owner’s equity are the legal and economic claims against the assets. The two sides are always equal to each other, that is, the two sides must be kept in balance. M: This is the reason that the statement of financial position is called a balance sheet. Question: Which of the following statements is NOT correct? (D)
譯文
女： 好了，我們現(xiàn)在來(lái)復(fù)習(xí)會(huì)計(jì)等式。我們都知道，會(huì)計(jì)等式表明了資產(chǎn)、負(fù)債 和業(yè)主所有者之間的關(guān)系。它是會(huì)計(jì)編制財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表時(shí)使用的基本工具。這個(gè) 等式很有意思，對(duì)吧? 男： 是很有意思。我發(fā)現(xiàn)按照會(huì)計(jì)等式來(lái)解釋資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表非常容易。你看，資產(chǎn) 通常在會(huì)計(jì)等式的左邊，而負(fù)債和業(yè)主權(quán)益在其右邊。 女： 負(fù)債和業(yè)主權(quán)益是法律和經(jīng)濟(jì)上對(duì)資產(chǎn)的要求權(quán)益。這兩邊總是相等，即兩 邊必須保持平衡。 男： 這就是資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表被叫做平衡表的原因。
Short Answer Questions Listen carefully and answer the question after each dialog. Scripts & Answers
Dialog 1
W: Good news! The current price of the piece of land we bought last year has increased greatly. M: Wonderful! Now we can post it as an item of revenue in the profit and loss account. W: Absolutely not. Don’t you remember the revenue recognition principle? If the market price of a fixed asset goes higher than its original cost, the higher amount can’t be recorded as revenue in the income accounts before it is converted into cash. M: Oh. Yes. That means any gains from a fixed asset will not be recorded until the asset is sold and the payment is received. Er… the revenue recognition principle! I’ll never forget it. Question: When will the entry be posted as revenue in the income statement? when the asset is sold and converted into cash.
譯文
女： 好消息!我們?nèi)ツ曩I的那塊地的價(jià)格現(xiàn)在大幅上漲。 男： 太好了。我們現(xiàn)在可以把它作為一項(xiàng)收入記錄到損益帳戶里了。 女： 絕對(duì)不行。難道你忘了會(huì)計(jì)收入確認(rèn)原則嗎? 如果固定資產(chǎn)的市場(chǎng)價(jià)格高于 成本，在資產(chǎn)變現(xiàn)之前不能把多出的金額作為收入項(xiàng)目記入損益賬戶。 男： 哦，對(duì)啊。就是說(shuō)固定資產(chǎn)的收益只能在資產(chǎn)出售變現(xiàn)后才能登入賬戶。 嗯⋯⋯收入確認(rèn)原則!我再也不會(huì)忘記了。
Dialog 2
W: Excuse me. Would you please help me read a balance sheet? I don’t understand these numbers on the balance sheet, and I want to know what I can get from the lists of assets, liabilities and capital. M: All right. Let’s have a look. A balance sheet, er...of ABC Company. It is divided into three sections: assets, liabilities, and owner’s equity or capital. The section on the left-hand side tells the total amount of assets, fixed assets and current assets. Yes, you see, cash, accounts receivable, furnitureand fixtures, equipment, buildings. They are all classified as assets owned by the company. The section on the right-hand side indicates the liability and owner’s equity or capital. Liabilities are divided into current liabilities and long-term liabilities according to their terms, and the numbers here tell us how much the company owes to others, such as other businesses, individuals, or banks. They are called creditors. OK, now let’s read the capital. This part tells how much the owner has invested in the business. The total amount of liabilities and capital must be equal to the amount of assets. Do you know that the balance sheet has another name? It is the formal name, a statement of financial position. So you can learn about the financial position of the company after you’ve read the balance sheet. Question: What are they talking about? They are talking about how to read a balance sheet.
譯文
女： 打擾了，幫我看看這份資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表好嗎?我不懂表上的這些數(shù)字，而且還想知 道從這些資產(chǎn)、負(fù)債和資本中究竟可以了解到什么。 男： 行。讓我們看看。資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表，嗯……ABC 公司的。這個(gè)表分為三個(gè)部分： 資產(chǎn)、負(fù)債和業(yè)主權(quán)益或者叫資本。左手邊的這部分告訴我們資產(chǎn)的總額， 包括固定資產(chǎn)和流動(dòng)資產(chǎn)。對(duì), 你看，現(xiàn)金、應(yīng)收賬款、辦公用品、辦公設(shè) 施、設(shè)備、樓房。它們都?xì)w類為這個(gè)公司的資產(chǎn)。右手邊的這部分顯示了負(fù) 債和業(yè)主權(quán)益或資本。負(fù)債按期限分流動(dòng)負(fù)債和長(zhǎng)期負(fù)債，這些數(shù)字告訴我 們?cè)撈髽I(yè)欠別人多少錢，比如說(shuō)其他企業(yè)、個(gè)人或銀行。他們被稱為債權(quán)人。 好，我們?cè)倏纯促Y本。這部分告訴我們?cè)撈髽I(yè)業(yè)主投資了多少錢給企業(yè)。負(fù) 債和業(yè)主權(quán)益的總額必須與資產(chǎn)總額相等。你知道這個(gè)表還有一個(gè)名字嗎?其 書面名稱是財(cái)務(wù)狀況表。所以你看了它之后就可以了解該公司的財(cái)務(wù)狀況。
Dialog 3
W: Do you know there are several reasons why careful analysis of financial statements is necessary? M: Of course, I know. First, financial statements are general-purpose statements. Secondly, the relationships between amounts on successive financial statements are not obvious without analysis. And thirdly, users of financial statements may be interested in seeing how well a company is performing. W: Excellent. Now would you please analyze these statements? M: Sorry. I could not do it well for lack of theories and experience. Question: What are the users of the financial statements interested in according to the man? They are interested in the performance of a company.
譯文
女： 你知道為什么有必要分析財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表嗎? 男： 我當(dāng)然知道。首先，財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表是多用途報(bào)表。其次，連續(xù)報(bào)表的數(shù)據(jù)之間的 關(guān)系如果不進(jìn)行分析不容易看出來(lái)。最后，報(bào)表的使用者可能感興趣的是看 到公司的業(yè)績(jī)?nèi)绾巍?女： 非常棒。現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)你分析一下這些報(bào)表，好嗎?
男： 對(duì)不起。我分析不了，因?yàn)槲胰狈Ρ匾睦碚摵徒?jīng)驗(yàn)。
Listening and Simulating Listen to the dialogs and fill in the blanks with what you’ve heard, and then simulate the dialogs in pairs. Scripts & Answers
Dialog 1
W: Hi, Johnson. You have made an error in current assets on the balance sheet. The right number should be $2,000. It is not $3,000. M: Oops! It is a serious mistake. Thank you, Miss Li. W: Not at all. Be careful then. So the total amount of assets should be $10,000,000. It is equal to the total amount of liabilities.
譯文
女： 嗨，約翰遜。你把資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表中的流動(dòng)資產(chǎn)弄錯(cuò)了。正確數(shù)字應(yīng)該是2,000 美元。不是3,000 美元。 男： 啊!這可是個(gè)大錯(cuò)誤。謝謝你啊，李小姐。 女： 不用謝。以后小心。現(xiàn)在資產(chǎn)總額應(yīng)該是一千萬(wàn)美元，與負(fù)債的總額相等。
Dialog 2
W: Hi, Johnson! What are these? M: They are commercial invoices, vouchers, receipts, shipment documents and sales slips. W: Why do you still keep these past documents? M: They are objective evidence to support the accounting entries and records. W: All right. The objectivity principle requires that entries in the accounting records be based on objective evidence.
譯文
女： 嗨，約翰遜!這都是些什么? 男： 商業(yè)發(fā)票、記賬單證、收據(jù)、運(yùn)輸單據(jù)和銷售憑單等。 女： 你保留這些過(guò)去的單據(jù)干嘛? 男： 它們是會(huì)計(jì)賬項(xiàng)和記錄的客觀證據(jù)啊。 女： 是啊。會(huì)計(jì)的客觀性原則要求會(huì)計(jì)記錄的項(xiàng)目都要以客觀證據(jù)為基礎(chǔ)。
Dialog 3
W: Good afternoon, Mr. Howard. Here are our accounting reports and the relevant documents. You will notice that the reports contain several sections. M: Yes. I’ve noticed that. You’ve prepared a complete breakdown of all the accounts. W: Yeah. Assets accounts and liabilities accounts are presented in the first section and the reserve and equity accounts are stated on the next page. M: Where are the statement of cash flows and profit and loss statement? W: They are here, under the balance sheet. M: Yeah, I’ve got them. Thank you, Ms. Lin. It is very considerate of you to present so detailed reports
譯文
女： 下午好!霍華德先生。這是我們的會(huì)計(jì)報(bào)表以及相關(guān)的文件。你會(huì)看到，這 些報(bào)告含有幾個(gè)部分。 男： 是的。我已經(jīng)注意到了。你們編制了所有賬戶的全部細(xì)目。 女： 是。資產(chǎn)賬戶和負(fù)債賬戶在第一部分，公積金賬戶和權(quán)益賬戶在下一頁(yè)。 男： 現(xiàn)金流動(dòng)表和收益表呢? 女： 在這兒，資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表的下面。 男： 啊，看到了。林女士，謝謝你這么細(xì)心準(zhǔn)備了如此詳細(xì)的報(bào)告。
Long Conversations Conversation 1 Entries of Financial Statements Scripts & Answers
W: Good morning, everyone. Today we are going to study how to classify the financial statements’ entries. There are some financial statements’ entries on the blackboard. Please tell, where each entry would appear, in a balance sheet or in an income statement. If it is a balance sheet item, is it an asset, a liability, or owner’s equity? Er, now… who will come and have a try? M: Let me have a try. As far as I’m concerned, accounts payable, mortgage payable, notes payable can be classified as liabilities on the balance sheet. W: Well done. Johnson. Come on! M: I think, accounts receivable, interest receivable, cash, supplies and land must be classified as assets and put on the left-hand side of the balance sheet. But I don’t know where buildings are? Do they belong to owner’s equity? W: I don’t think so. Buildings are an item of assets, a sort of fixed asset, of course. M: So is equipment. I’ve got it. Cash, supplies, equipment, buildings, and land are all classified as items of assets. But what are the items of owner’s equity on the balance sheet? W: Retained earnings, I think. It is an item of owner’s equity. Capital stock, I think it is certainly an item of owner’s equity. M: There are several items of revenue and expense. I think they are items in the income statement. W: Absolutely right. Sales revenue, consulting revenue, advertising expenses, rent expenses, salaries & wages expenses and utilities expenses are the items in the income statement. M: There are some other items in the income statement, for example, income tax expenses, interest revenue, operating income, income before taxes. And we can get net income and earnings per share by computing all the elements in this statement. W: Excellent. Thank you. Now let’s go to the next chapter. It is about the statement of cash flows.
譯文
女： 大家早上好。今天我們要學(xué)習(xí)如何對(duì)財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表的賬項(xiàng)進(jìn)行分類。黑板上是一 些財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表的賬項(xiàng)，請(qǐng)說(shuō)明每一項(xiàng)應(yīng)該記到資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表還是損益表。如果是 資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表，那么它是資產(chǎn)、負(fù)債、還是所有者權(quán)益?嗯⋯⋯現(xiàn)在誰(shuí)來(lái)試試? 男： 我來(lái)試試。我認(rèn)為，應(yīng)付賬款、應(yīng)付按揭款、應(yīng)付票據(jù)都應(yīng)該歸為資產(chǎn)負(fù)債 表的負(fù)債。 女： 不錯(cuò)。約翰遜。加油! 男： 我認(rèn)為應(yīng)收賬款、應(yīng)收利息、現(xiàn)金、辦公用品和土地必須歸類到資產(chǎn)，放在 資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表的左邊。但我不明白樓房應(yīng)該放在哪里呢?是歸所有者權(quán)益嗎? 女： 我認(rèn)為不是。樓房應(yīng)該歸于資產(chǎn)類，當(dāng)然是固定資產(chǎn)。 男： 設(shè)備也是。我知道了�，F(xiàn)金、辦公用品、設(shè)備、樓房和土地都應(yīng)歸到資產(chǎn)項(xiàng) 目。那么資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表上的所有者權(quán)益項(xiàng)目是什么? 女： 我認(rèn)為留存收益是一項(xiàng)所有者權(quán)益，還有股本。它也是所有者權(quán)益項(xiàng)目。 男： 還有一些收入和支出項(xiàng)目。我覺(jué)得它們應(yīng)該屬于損益表的項(xiàng)目。 女： 完全正確。銷售收入、咨詢收入、廣告費(fèi)用、租金費(fèi)用、薪水和工資支出以 及水電煤氣費(fèi)用都是損益表的項(xiàng)目。 男： 損益表上還有一些其他項(xiàng)目，例如，所得稅支出、利息收入、營(yíng)業(yè)收入、稅 前收入等。把這些項(xiàng)目經(jīng)過(guò)計(jì)算，我們可以得到凈收入和每股的收益。 女： 非常好。謝謝你�，F(xiàn)在我們進(jìn)入下一章。這一章是關(guān)于現(xiàn)金流量表。
W: Hi, Johnson! What are you doing here? M: Hi, Susan! I’m reading a statement of cash flows. It is my homework. I should give an interpretation on the statement tomorrow, but I don’t understand it. W: The statement of cash flows? Let me have a look. M: Here you are. I know that the income statement will tell us the net income, which indicates a company’s economic performance. But what is the statement of cash flows? Can cash flow in and out as water does? We usually pay for goods in cash, but how does cash flow in or flow out? W: Take it easy, Johnson. I believe you’ll make it clear, anyway. The statement of cash flows just shows the cash inflows and outflows of a company during a period of time. Cash inflows are referred to as the receipts in cash and cash outflows just tell the payments in cash made by a company. M: Why do we need to produce the statement? It is meaningless, I think. W: No. It is really meaningful to investors and creditors of the company, because they may want to know how much actual cash a company’s operations generate during a period and how that cash is used. Our teacher told us that it is the easiest to prepare of the three primary financial statements if we understand the cash flow items. They are classified according to only three main activities. M: What are the three main activities? W: Operating activities, investing activities and financing activities. M: Oh, I’ve got something about it. W: Operating activities are referred to as the day-to-day business of a company. The payment for the purchase of inventory and the payment of wages, taxes and interest are the examples. M: So investing activities are related to buying and selling some securities or bonds, that is, long-term assets on the balance sheet. W: Exactly. Financing activities are the transactions of the business with its owners and creditors. They will show the cash payment to or cash receipt from them. For example, cash received from owners’ investment, cash proceeds from a loan, or cash payments to repay loans would all be classified under financing activities. M: So what an accountant has to do is to examine every check and deposit slip he has written in the past year, and then classify them into three parts: operating, investing and financing. W: Excellent. You’ve made great progress. You can get it, I believe. M: A little. I have to make judgment in deciding which part some items go into when I prepare a statement of cash flows. W: Don’t worry. You’ll know more while you have more practice. M: Thanks a lot, Susan. I owe you one. W: You’re welcome. Questions 1 to 5 are based on the conversation you’ve just heard. 1. What is Johnson’s homework? His homework is to give an interpretation on the statement of cash flows. 2. Which of the three financial statements is the easiest to prepare? The statement of cash flows. 3. What is the function of the statement of cash flows? To indicate how much cash is generated and how much is used by a company. 4. What are the three main activities related to cash flows of a business? Operating activities, investing activities and financing activities. 5. What is usually sorted into the part of operating activities? The payment for the purchase of inventory and the payment of wages, taxes and interest. Task 3 Filling in the Blanks Listen to the conversation again and fill in the blanks with what you’ve heard. The income statement tells us the net income, that is, a company’s economic performance,
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女： 你好，約翰遜。你在忙什么? 男： 你好，蘇珊。我正在看一份現(xiàn)金流量表。這是我的作業(yè)。明天我要解釋這份 報(bào)表，可我根本看不懂。 女： 現(xiàn)金流量表?我看看。 男： 給你。我知道損益表會(huì)告訴我們凈收入，這表明公司的經(jīng)營(yíng)業(yè)績(jī)。但現(xiàn)金流 量表是什么呢?現(xiàn)金能夠像水那樣流進(jìn)流出嗎?我們常常付現(xiàn)金購(gòu)物，可現(xiàn) 金怎么流進(jìn)流出呢? 女： 別著急。約翰遜。我相信你肯定能夠弄清楚的�，F(xiàn)金流量表只是告訴我們公 司在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)現(xiàn)金流進(jìn)流出的狀況。現(xiàn)金流入指收入，現(xiàn)金流出表示公司 的現(xiàn)金支出。 男： 為什么要編制這種報(bào)表呢?我認(rèn)為沒(méi)有仸何意義。 女： 不是沒(méi)意義。對(duì)于公司的投資人和債權(quán)人來(lái)說(shuō)，意義可真是大著呢，因?yàn)樗麄?要了解公司在某一時(shí)段的經(jīng)營(yíng)中實(shí)際獲得的現(xiàn)金數(shù)額和實(shí)際花費(fèi)了多少現(xiàn)金。 我的老師說(shuō)在三個(gè)主要財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表中，如果我們弄懂了現(xiàn)金流動(dòng)的賬目要素，現(xiàn) 金流動(dòng)表是最容易編制的。這些賬項(xiàng)按照三項(xiàng)公司活動(dòng)進(jìn)行分類。 男： 哪三項(xiàng)公司活動(dòng)? 女： 經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)、投資活動(dòng)和融資活動(dòng)。 男： 哦。我有點(diǎn)明白了。 女： 經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)是指公司日常業(yè)務(wù)部分，如支付購(gòu)買庫(kù)存的費(fèi)用和支付工資、稅款和 利息的費(fèi)用等。 男： 所以投資活動(dòng)就是與買賣某些證券或債券有關(guān)的業(yè)務(wù)活動(dòng)，即資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表上 的長(zhǎng)期資產(chǎn)類。 女： 對(duì)。融資活動(dòng)是所有者或債權(quán)人與企業(yè)之間的交易。它們顯示出是現(xiàn)金付款 給所有者或債權(quán)人還是從他們那里收來(lái)現(xiàn)金。例如，從所有者那里收來(lái)的 現(xiàn)金投資，貸款所得的現(xiàn)金款項(xiàng)或者用于還貸的現(xiàn)金支付等，都應(yīng)歸為融資 活動(dòng)。 男： 所以會(huì)計(jì)要做的是檢查他前一年經(jīng)手的所有支票和銀行存款憑單，然后把他 們分類為3 部分：經(jīng)營(yíng)類的、投資類的和融資類的。 女： 不錯(cuò)。你進(jìn)步很快。我相信你能夠弄清楚的。 男： 只是一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)。準(zhǔn)備報(bào)表時(shí)，還要確定賬項(xiàng)的類別呢。 女： 別擔(dān)心。實(shí)踐多了你就會(huì)懂得更多。 男： 太謝謝了，蘇珊。我欠你一個(gè)人情女： 你太客氣了。
Scripts & Answers Hello, everyone. Let’s go on to study accounts. An account is a business document used to record and retain monetary information about a company’s transaction. Separate accounts are used for each type of asset, liability and capital. The company’s full set of accounts are kept in a general ledger and accounts are sometimes called general ledger accounts. An account may have different forms, but in every case the account will have a left side and a right side, which are called debit side and credit side respectively. A debit entry is an amount recorded on the left side of the account; a credit entry is an amount recorded on the right side of the account. It can be called “debited to” and “credited to” respectively. The debit and credit rule states that: 1. Accounts on the left side of the accounting equation (asset accounts) are increased by debit entries and decreased by credit entries. 2. Accounts on the right side of the accounting equation (liability and capital accounts) are increased by credit entries and decreased by debit entries. The balance of an account is the difference between the total increases and decreases recorded in the account. An asset account normally has a debit balance. Liability and capital accounts normally have credit balances. Revenue and expense accounts are called temporary or nominal accounts because they are closed at the end of every accounting period. On the other hand, balance sheet accounts are called permanent or real accounts because their balances are carried forward from one accounting period to the next. The double entry rule requires that when a transaction is recorded in the accounts, the total amount of the debit entries must always be equal to the total amount of the credit entries. As a result, in the general ledger, the total of the debit account balances must always be equal to the total of the credit account balances and the accounting equation will always be in balance.
譯文
大家好。今天我們繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)賬戶。 賬戶是一種業(yè)務(wù)文件，用來(lái)記錄或存留有關(guān)公司交易的貨幣信息。資產(chǎn)、負(fù)債和資本有獨(dú)立的賬 戶。公司全套賬戶保存在總賬里，有時(shí)把賬戶稱為總賬戶。 每一個(gè)賬戶都可能有不同的格式，但是在每一個(gè)案例中，賬戶都有左邊和右邊，分別叫作借方 和貸方。借方是記錄到賬戶左邊的金額，貸方是記錄到賬戶右邊的金額，分別叫借記和貸記。借記 和貸記規(guī)則如下： 1. 會(huì)計(jì)等式左邊的賬戶(資產(chǎn)賬戶)通過(guò)借項(xiàng)增加，貸項(xiàng)減少; 2. 會(huì)計(jì)等式右邊的賬戶(負(fù)債和資本賬戶)通過(guò)貸項(xiàng)增加，借項(xiàng)減少。 賬戶的余額是賬戶記錄的增長(zhǎng)和減少總數(shù)的差額。資產(chǎn)賬戶一般有借方余額。負(fù)債和資本賬戶 一般有貸方余額。收入和支出賬戶被稱為臨時(shí)或名義賬戶，因?yàn)樗鼈冊(cè)跁?huì)計(jì)期末會(huì)撤銷。另一方面， 資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表被稱為永久或真實(shí)賬戶，因?yàn)槠溆囝~會(huì)從一個(gè)會(huì)計(jì)期承轉(zhuǎn)到下一個(gè)會(huì)計(jì)期。復(fù)式記賬規(guī) 則要求當(dāng)一筆交易記錄到賬戶時(shí)，借方的總額必須總是與貸方的總額相等。其結(jié)果是，在總賬中，借方賬戶余額必須總是與貸方賬戶余額相等，會(huì)計(jì)等式總是保持平衡。
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