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考研英語閱讀基本功：難句過關
上學期間，很多人都經(jīng)常追著老師們要知識點吧，知識點在教育實踐中，是指對某一個知識的泛稱。掌握知識點是我們提高成績的關鍵！下面是小編收集整理的考研英語閱讀基本功：難句過關，僅供參考，歡迎大家閱讀。
第一章 定語從句
1. Libraries made education possible, and education in its turn added to libraries: the growth of knowledge followed a kind of compound-interest law, which was greatly enhaced by the invention of printing.
2. If they can each be trusted to take such responsibilities, and to exercise such initiative as falls within their sphere, then administrative overhead will be low.
3. There are probably no questions we can think up that can't be answered, sooner or later, including even the matter of consciousness.
4. The curtain was rung down in that phase of history, at least, by the sudden invention of the hydrogen bomb, of the ballistic missile and of rockets that can be aimed to hit the moon.
5. Studies of the Weddell seal in the laboratory have described the physiological mechanisms that allow the seals to cope with the extreme oxygen deprivation that occurs during its longest dives, which can extend 500 meters below the ocean's surface and last for over 70 minutes.
6. The renaissance of the feminist movement began during the 1950's led to the Stasist school, which sidestepped the good bad dichotomy and argued that frontier women lived lives similar to the lives of women in the East.
7. Tom, the book's protagonist, took issue with a man who doted on his household pet yet, as a slave merchant, thought nothing of separating the husband from the wife, the parents from the children.
8. We are not conscious of the extent to which work provides the psychological satisfaction that can make the difference between a full and an empty life.
9. Thus, the unity that should characterize the strong system is developed by affording opportunity for diversity, which appears to be essential if education is to develop in consideration of the needs of children and youth.
10. Automobiles have been designed which operate on liquid hydrogen, but these systems give rise to seemingly unavoidable problems arising from the handling of a cryogenic liquid.
11. It is designed to make students study, which should be their immediate mission in life.
12. We know that a cat, whose eyes can take in many more rays of light than our eyes, can see clearly in the night.
13. Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.
14. While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.
15. While this boundary does not mark the outer limit of a State's territory, since in international law the territorial sea forms part of a State's territory, it does represent the demarcation between that maritime area where other States enjoy no general rights, and those maritime areas where other States do enjoy certain general rights.
16. He finds that students who were easy to teach because they succeeded in putting everything they had been taught into practice, hesitate when confronted with the vast untouched area of English vocabulary and usage which falls outside the scope of basic textbooks.
17. The reader who peruses with some attention the following pages will have occasion to see that both operational and mental aspects of physics have their place, but that neither should be stressed to the exclusion of the other.
18. The public is unhappy about the way society is going, and its view, fueled in part by the agendists and the media, seems to be that judicial decisions unacceptable to them, regardless of the evidence or the law, will slow or change social directions.
19. But I would like to do the same with the acclaim too, by using this moment as a pinnacle from which I might be listened to by the young men and women already dedicated to the same anguish and travail, among whom is already that one who will some day stand here where I am standing.
20. The samples should preferably be taken from points in the rig where the flow is turbulent so that the contaminant is kept well mixed in the oil.
21. Our hope for creative living in this world house that we have inherited lies in our ability to re-establish the moral ends of our lives in personal character and social justice.
22. From the very day of the capitulation, by which Bismark's prisoners had signed the surrender of France but reserved to themselves a numerous bodyguard for the express purpose of cowing Paris, Paris stood on the watch.
23.When I'm having trouble with a story and think about giving up, or when I start to feel sorry for myself and think things should be easier for me, I rool a piece of paper into that cranky old machine and type, word by painful word, just the way my mother did.
24. What should doctors say, for example, to a 46-year-old man coming in for a routine physical check up just before going on vacation with his family who, though he feels in perfect health, is found to have a form of cancer that will cause him to die within six months?
25.Between midnight and dawn, when sleep will not come and all the old wounds begin to ache, I often have a nightmare vision of a future world in which there are billions of people, all numbered and registered, with not a gleam of genius anywhere, not an original mind, a rich personality, on the whole packed globe.
26. It needs men who can be prompted without an aim except the aim to be on the move, to function, to go ahead.
27. Then he would publish the poem, sometimes years before the music that went with it was written.
28. We live in a narrowed world where we must be alert, awake to realism; and realism demands a standard which either must be met or result in failure.
29. We can expose our children to the best values we have found.
30. In short, you will act like the sort of person you conceive yourself to be.
31. To us, a winner is one who responds authentically by being credible, trustworthy, responsive, and genuine, both as an individual and as a member of a society.
32. Those most loved are invariably those who have the capacity for believing in others.
33. Americans who stem from generations which left their old people behind and never closed their parents' eyelids in death, and who have experienced the death provided by two world wars fought far from our shores are today pushing away from them both a recognition of death and a recognition of the way we live our lives.
34. God, I'm glad I can talk about it with you--probably you're the only outlet that I'll have that won't get tired of my talking about writing.
35. Certainly the humanist thinkers of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, who are our ideological ancestors, thought that the goal of life was the unfolding of a person's potentialities; what mattered to them was the person who is much, not the one who has much or uses much.
36. How much easier, how much more satisfying it is for you who can see to grasp quickly the essential qualities of another person by watching the subtleties of expression, the quiver of a muscle, the flutter of a hand.
37. Her woebegone expression, her hang-dog manner, her over-anxiousness to please, or perhaps her unconscious hostility towards those she anticipated will affront her--all act to drive away those whom she would attract.
38. There is very long list of such perhapses, few of which we are in a position to evaluate with any degree of assurance.
39. If marriage exists only as an intimate relationship that can be terminated at will, and family exists only by virtue of bonds of affection, both marriage and family are relegated to the marketplace of trading places, with individuals maximising their psychological capital by moving through a series of more or less satisfying intimate relationships.
第二章 倒裝句
1. For example, they do not compensate for social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underpriviledged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.
2. Nonstop waves of immigrants played a role, too and so did bigger crops of babies as yesterday's baby boom generation reached its child-bearing years.
3. Much as I have traveled, I have never seen anyone to equal her in thoroughness, whatever the job.
4. Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary-particle physics, and some astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.
5. Only when you have acquired a good knowledge of grammar can you write correctly.
6. Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living than in the Far West.
7. In no country other than Britain, it has been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.
8. We have been told that under no circumstances may we use the telephone in the office for personal affairs.
9. Not since Americans crossed the continent in covered wagons have they exercised and dieted as vigorously as they are doing today.
10. Not until these fundamental subjects were sufficiently advanced was it possible to solve the main problems of flight mechanics.
11. Little did we expect that he would fulfil his task so rapidly.
12. Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.
13. This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another, so that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently.
14. Not only did white men encroach upon the Indians' hunting grounds, but they rapidly destroyed the Indians' principal means of existence--the buffalo.
15. So great was the honour that the winner of the foot race gave his name to the year of his victory.
16. To such lengths did she go in rehearsal that two actors walked out.
17. In this class are ads that suggest that the product will satisfy some basic human desires.
18. Emerging from the 1980 census is the picture of a nation developing more and more regional competition, ad population growth in the Northeast and Midwest reaches a near standstill.
19. Coupled with the growing quantity of information is the development of technologies which enable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before.
20. Important information can get buried in a sea of trivialities, says a law professor at Cornell Law School who helped draft the new guidelines.
21. How their results compared with modern standards, we unfortunately have no means of telling.
22. The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation, but custom, we have a way of thinking, is behavior at its most commonplace.
23. The American baby boom after the war made unconvincing U.S. advice to poor countries that they restrain their births.
24. Certain it is that all essential processes of plant growth and development occur in water.
25. We really should not resent being called paupers. Paupers we are, and paupers we shall remain.
26. The nobler and more perfect a thing is, the later and slower it is in arriving at maturity.
27. This is the world out of which grows the hope, for the first time in history, of a society where there will be freedom from want and freedom from fear.
28. Today the main economic activities of the family are in the nature of consumption--however productive may be what some of its members do in society.
29. Of the intrinsic differences that separate American from English the chief have their roots in the obvious disparity between the environment and traditions of the American people since the seventeenth century and those of the English.
30. Especially was this importance impressed on me when I realized how much Hollywood was involved in exporting American life to the world, and how much Broadway with all its thertres meant to the modern drama.
31. Lost in the wuphoria of success is any thought that--in another place, at another time--it may well be naval air power without the support of any land-based air power that carries the day.
32. Underlying much of the desire for change, too, was the feeling of many of the world's newly independent states that they had never had a part in framing traditional doctrine.
33. Not only was man now able to see with measured precision independently of visibility, but he could now see such objects as aircraft at ranges far in excess of those possible even under ideal optical conditions with normal vision.
34. Forgotten is any idea that naval air power is not power unto itself, but part and parcel of naval power--trained, supported, operated, and commanded by people well-versed in the intricacies of war at sea and war from the sea.
35. This I propose to offer, pledging that the larger purposes will bind upon us all as a sacred obligation with a unity of duty hitherto evoked only in time of armed strife.
36. These measures, or such other measures as the Congress may build out of its experience and wisdom, I shall seek, within my constitutional authority, to bring to speedy adoption.
37. Slap-slap-slap-slap... Around and around a submariner goes, the soft-soled shoes beating a rhythm on the hard, shiny floor in a Trident submarine. People on shore might grasp the instant irony of a man jogging to prolong his life around weapons capable of destroying two hundred cities.
38. Friends who are near to me I know well, because through the months and years they reveal themselves to me in all their phases; but of casual friends I have only an in complete impression, an impression gained from a handclasp, spoken words.
39. Closely related with this is the capacity to be tolerant--not, indeed, of what is wrong, but of the frailty and imaturity of human nature which induce people, and again especially children, to make mistakes.
40. According to Newton's first law of motion a body is in motion but actually never is there a body which will remain in motion forever because it is impossible to get rid of external influence.
41. Added to that difficulty is the need for the media, for economic and journalistic reasons, to present a controversial perspective, which is not usually as objective as we might wish.
42. Only now that I've struggled to find patience in myself when Matthew insists he help me paint the house or saw down dead trees in the back yard am I able to see that day through my father's eyes.
43. This process, difficult and complex as it is, is simple compared to the job of discovering that new kinds of corn could be developed, or to the job of discovering how to develop them.
44. Among the advantages that future biochips, or living computers, would have over conventional semiconductor chips are that they are smaller, they do not generate as much heat, and they allow for the parallel processing of information, making them faster than today's semiconductor devices.
45. Into this area of industry came millions of Europeans who made of it what became known as the melting pot, the fusion of people from many nations into Americans.
46. Neither would it prevent cruise missiles or bombers whose flights are within the Earth's atmosphere, from hitting their targets.
47. From each of them goes out its own voice, as inaudible as the streams of sound conveyed by electric waves beyond the range of our hearing, and just as the touch of a button on our stereo will fill the room with music, so by opening one of these volumes, one can call into range a voice far distant in time and space, and hear it speaking, mind to mind, heart to heart.
48. His students might feel inclined to counter these with the words: The more I learn, the less I know.
49. In the motorized wheelchair, a boyish face dimly illuminated by a glowing computer screen attached to the left armrest is Stephen Willia Hawking, 46, one of the world's greatest theoretical physicists.
50. Rather than a particular method, the success of science has more to do with an arttitude common to scientists.
51. Of primary interest in business and technical research reports is the validity of the results as the bases for company decisions.
52. He wrote operas, and no sooner did he have the synopsis of a story but he would invite--or rather summon--a crowd of his friends to his house and read it aloud to them.
53. Not only did he seem incapable of supporting himself, but it never occurred to him that he was under any obligation to do so.
54. I might have been incredulous had I not been accustomed to such response, for long ago I became convinced that the seeing see little.
55. Then, down the crowded thoroughfare comes the University of Cambridge's most distinctive vehicle, bearing its most distinguished citizen.
56. A nice example is that dreaded polar ice cap, which some scientists say isn't starting to melt at all but instead will shortly begin to enlarge rapidly, giving birth to a new ice age that soon will cover the entire United States.
57. Were it not for the feather lost in departure, no one would have known that the white bird had ever been.
58. Sir Isaac Newton was one of the pioneers in investigating viscosity, and on his analysis depends the definition of the coefficient.
59. A widely known achievement of radio electronics is an electronic calculating machine that can perform several thousand arithmetical operations in one second.
60. Nearly all our clothes are made from fibres of one sort or another, be they deried from plants, animals, coal or petroleum and all these fibres, when they are carefully examined, are seen to consist of long chain molecules.
考研英語閱讀題型
“得閱讀者，得天下”相信這句話對考研的童鞋并不陌生，考研英語在考研中處于重要地位，閱讀在考研英語中又有著舉足輕重的作用。想要戰(zhàn)勝考研英語，首先要跨過閱讀這個難題。其實英語閱讀總結起來，也就那么幾個重點題型，如果能夠掌握牢固，相信要戰(zhàn)勝英語閱讀并不是什么難事。
★細節(jié)性題型。
閱讀考題中，有一種細節(jié)性題目，重點集中在細節(jié)上。而細節(jié)題也有難有易，較容易的可以根據(jù)題干或選項的線索回原文定位，然后由相關句得到正確答案；較難的也可以在正確定位的基礎上經(jīng)過一定的推斷得出正確的答案。其實這類題的技巧性不大，最主要的是耐心和細心。
★主題性題型。
主題性題型主要考查我們對文章或者段落中心思想的掌握，要做好這一類題的一個重點就是要抓住中心句。中心句通常以判斷句的形式出現(xiàn)，全文的中心句常出現(xiàn)在文章第一段句首、第一段句末和全文末等地方，段落的中心句則通常是該段的首句和末句。所以，做這類題目的時候要重點分析這些句子。
★詞匯性題型。
詞匯性題也是考研英語中常見題目之一。這種問題主要是根據(jù)上下文判斷大綱詞匯表以外某些詞匯和短語的意義，主要考查兩種情況：一種是熟詞僻義或特定語言環(huán)境下的具體詞義，在這種情況下，常規(guī)含義一般都不是正確答案；另一種是超出詞匯表的生詞含義的推斷。無論是哪一種，海天考研認為都只能根據(jù)上下文來判斷該詞的真正含義。
考研英語閱讀分析
1、弄懂生詞
一篇閱讀中，肯定會遇到有生詞不認識，老師建議我們在做題的過程中不要去查生詞，這樣會影響做題速度，相反，我們可以利用猜詞技巧來理解單詞含義。但是在做完題目認真分析的時候一定要把不認識的單詞都查出來，并寫在單詞本上每天記憶，這樣有利于我們掃清�？荚~匯，通過不斷的積累，閱讀中的絕大部分單詞最后都會變?yōu)槲覀兪煜さ脑~。不認識單詞的問題也會被我們最終克服。
2、分析做題方法
在查完生詞之后，我們還要去分析題目。不能只看做錯的題目，正確的題目就不管了。因為如果單純的只看錯題，我們只會知道這個題目為什么錯，以后不可能遇到原題，但是遇到這一類型的題目時，還是不會解答，這只是“治標不治本“的方法。所以，我們要去認真分析這個題的題型，以及做題方法，
該如何去找答案，并明白對的答案為什么是正確的，錯誤的答案又是從哪個地方設置的干擾。只有把隱藏在明處和暗處的“敵人”都一網(wǎng)打盡，才會“所向無敵”。
3、分析句子結構
考研英語閱讀中有很多很長很難的句子，我們要弄清楚每個部分的成分，哪個是主語，哪個是謂語，哪個是賓語。這不僅有助于我們對句子的理解，也有利于后面翻譯部分的學習，只有弄清楚了句子成分，知道每個成分該怎么翻譯，才能在翻譯部分的學習中如魚得水。
4、翻譯閱讀
最后，老師希望小伙伴們可以把整篇閱讀完整的翻譯一遍，然后對照參考譯文，看看差距在哪。其實對于翻譯，我們只要大致上的含義和參考譯文差不多就行，不必在某個地方過于糾結。
老師相信小伙伴們在經(jīng)過對英語閱讀進行仔細分析之后，會對英語閱讀理解的更加透徹，也會明白自己的薄弱所在，并有針對性的進行彌補的。做好了基礎階段的學習，老師相信您一定會在后面的學習中“游刃有余”。
★態(tài)度性題型。
這類題目平時考察還是比較多的，態(tài)度性問題主要考查我們是否了解作者或者文中某人對某事所持的觀點或態(tài)度。做這一類型題的題目，最好在讀文章和題干時，便把其中描述態(tài)度的詞標記出來，然后在文中找到有典型褒貶含義的詞匯，最后再將兩部分詞進行對比得出答案。
★推斷性題型。
這類題主要考查我們根據(jù)已知內(nèi)容推斷引申含義的能力。它要求我們根據(jù)文章中的關鍵詞、短語、結構等進行推斷，或要求我們通過閱讀某段或幾段內(nèi)容，推斷出一個結論，類似于主題性問題。做這類題時，一定要避免不依據(jù)關鍵詞而憑空進行推斷。
考研英語閱讀誤區(qū)
誤區(qū)一：英語閱讀=詞匯比拼
很多學生將考研失利的原因歸結為詞匯量不夠，把考研英語閱讀等同于詞匯量的比拼是很多考生的第一大誤區(qū)。有一些人甚至認為英語學習本身就是背單詞、擴充詞匯量，只要詞匯量大了就是英語好了。還有些考生單純?nèi)ケ痴b不熟悉的詞匯，效果也往往不盡如人意。英語教研室萬老師表示，考研英語中有明確的考綱，有規(guī)定的詞匯考查范圍。考研英語復習過程中，考生完全不需要毫無目的地記憶大量詞匯，只需要將考試大綱中限定的考研詞匯研究透徹即可。
考研英語考試雖然涉及的詞匯量在五六千左右，但是，廣大考生在做題的過程中其實是不需要完全理解文章的每一個單詞的，所以，考生只需要掌握大概在4000-5000左右的單詞就可以做題了。那么，補充詞匯量的過程其實也是有一定的順序和方法的�？忌紫刃枰莆盏氖歉哳l出現(xiàn)的基礎詞匯。這些詞匯是讀懂英語長句基本意思的基礎。那么，在完成基礎階段詞匯的掌握之后，積累詞匯可以放到文章當中去進行。也就是說，在閱讀文章的同時，把文章當中遇到的生詞勾畫出來進行整理背誦。在上下文當中記憶詞匯遠比簡單背誦詞匯書上孤立的單詞來得效果要好，且記憶深刻。
誤區(qū)二、強作語法分析
在考研英語復習過程中，要知道閱讀的目的是為了獲取信息，而不是為了學習語法，所以在進行閱讀時，要集中精力弄清文章的大意和情節(jié)、主題和中心、作者的態(tài)度和意圖等，而不要強作語法分析。只要不影響閱讀，任何語法分析都是不必要的(當然若在閱讀中遇有難句，對其作些語法分析以幫助理解，那是另外一回事)。
不少同學們在閱讀時往往有這樣的習慣，每讀到一個重要的詞或句型時，他頭腦中反應的不是該詞或句型所表示的含義方面的信息，而是反應它在語法方面的一些要點。比如當他讀到worth這個詞時，在他頭腦中反應的不是類似于中文的值得之類的信息，而是此詞之后要接動名詞，而不接不定式之類的語法條款，又比如當他讀到rob這個詞時，他不是反應出搶劫這樣的信息，而是反應出robsbofsth(正),robsb’ssth(誤)這樣的正誤句型。可以想象這樣的學生當他讀完一篇文章之后，頭腦中留下的除了幾個支離破碎的詞和句型外，恐怕什么也沒有。若是這樣去訓練閱讀，那閱讀能力的培養(yǎng)將無從談起了。誤區(qū)三：閱讀文章時逐字逐句，不良閱讀習慣
不少學生在閱讀時不僅口中念念有詞，而且手指指著閱讀材料左右移動，同時頭也不停地左右擺動。要知道閱讀主要是腦力勞動的過程，任何身體部位的移動都無助于閱讀速度的提高，相反還會降低閱讀速度。所以同學們在平時就要養(yǎng)成良好的閱讀習慣。為了提高閱讀速度，同學們還應學會按句子讀，甚至按意群讀，并慢慢培養(yǎng)一目一行、一目數(shù)行、而最終能一目十行的閱讀能力。
考場上分秒必爭，英語閱讀應該都固定好時間，每篇文章不要超過7分鐘，因為一篇四五百字的文章考的問題往往只有5個，閱讀主要考察的是考生們兩方面的能力，一個是把握文章主旨大意，另一方面是把握文章的某些細節(jié)。考綱中說閱讀理解測試考生好幾方面的能力，其實都可以歸到這兩類里，它不過寫到更具體一些而已，比如根據(jù)所讀材料進行一定的判斷、推理和引申，這些推理引申不是沒有根據(jù)的，其根據(jù)也只能根據(jù)兩點，要么文章主旨，要么文章某個細節(jié)。
因此根據(jù)閱讀考察的特點，我們在讀文章時不是應該每個細節(jié)都不放過的去讀，而在瀏覽完考題之后，一定要細讀文章，對題目涉及到的段落、句子做簡單標記，接著要仔細分析每個題目在文中的映射，再做出選擇。最后，可以結合文章中心上下檢查一遍，一個完整的解題順序就完成了。
誤區(qū)四：技巧為上，有技巧就有高分
有一些基礎不是太好的考生往往很容易走進這樣的一個誤區(qū)，他們崇尚閱讀的技巧，認為只要掌握了某些所謂核心技巧就能夠在看不懂文章的情況之下取得高分。如果考生一味追求考試技巧，忽視了英文基本能力的培養(yǎng)，則再次犯了本末倒置的錯誤。
英語教研室萬老師認為，考生應當把備考過程變成是應試能力和閱讀能力同步提高的過程�；A的審題，劃關鍵詞，尋找同義詞，確定答案等等解題步驟固然是需要掌握的，但是這些技巧恰恰是需要考生有很好的閱讀能力才能發(fā)揮更大的功效的。沒有一定的閱讀能力的考生在考試的過程中沒有辦法快速的確定文章大意、分清主次信息、了解文章脈絡。
所以萬老師建議考生在熟悉考試題型掌握考試技巧的同時，也要提高自身的閱讀能力。另外，在理解句子的過程中，難免會遇見一些生詞。這個時候，閱讀能力強的同學可能通過上下文的含義去推測詞義，或者通過前后綴這樣的構詞法內(nèi)容去進行推測，以便更好的理解文章的意思。而只有技巧沒有實際閱讀能力的學生即使僥幸定位到了相關內(nèi)容恐怕也會因為不能理解正確的含義而造成題目最終的判斷失誤。
最后，英語教研室萬老師提示大家：英語作為一門語言是一個厚積薄發(fā)的過程，所以考生要堅持多讀多用。復習過程中無論效果理想與否，都應堅持每天安排一定的時間進行適應性訓練和模擬，使自己保持良好的語言感覺和做題的敏銳思維。
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