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高考閱讀理解三種熱門題型分析
高考閱讀素有“得閱讀者得天下”之說，因此高考做好閱讀是非常重要的。小編整理了高考閱讀理解三種熱門題型分析，歡迎欣賞與借鑒。
一、數(shù)字與年代
文中的數(shù)字、年代、日期等也是高考易考點(diǎn)。出題特點(diǎn)：
1. 運(yùn)算題：四則運(yùn)算得出答案，需要注意原始數(shù)據(jù)。
2. 多選一：文中出現(xiàn)多個時間、數(shù)字，對應(yīng)不同的事件或事物，只考其中一個。
【真題示例1】(2015四川，閱讀C)
Mothers have long known that their home workload was just as heavy as paid work. Now, the new study has shown that if they were paid for their parental labours, they would earn as much as￡172,000 a year.
The study looked at the range of jobs mothers do, as well as the hours they are working, to determine the figure. This would make their yearly income ￡30,000 more than the Prime Minister earns.
38. How much would a mother earn a year if working as the Prime Minister?
A. 30,000. B. 142,000.
C. 172,000. D. 202,000.
【答案解析】 B考查事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)。 命題點(diǎn)在數(shù)字處。由第三段最后一句“This would make their yearly income ￡30,000 more than the Prime Minister earns.” 和第二段最后一句中的 “they would earn as much as ￡172,000 a year.”可知答案。
【真題示例2】(2015全國課標(biāo)Ⅱ，閱讀D)
Choose Your One-Day Tours!
Tour A — Bath & Stonehengeincluding entrance fees to the ancient Roman bathrooms and Stonehenge — 37until 26 March and 39thereafter.
Visit the city with over 2,000 years of history and Bath Abbey, the Royal Crescent and the Costume Museum. Stonehenge is one of the world’s most famous prehistoric monuments dating back over 5,000 years.
Tour B — Oxford & Stratfordincluding entrance fees to the University St Mary’s Church Tower and Anne Hathaway’s house一 32until 12 March and 36thereafter.
Oxford:Includes a guided tour of England’s oldest university city and colleges. Look over the “city of dreaming spires (尖頂)” from St Mary’s Church Tower. Stratford:Includes a guided tour exploring much of the Shakespeare wonder.
Tour C — Windsor Castle & Hampton Courtincluding entrance fees to Hampton Court Palace —34until 11 March and 37thereafter.
Includes a guided tour of Windsor and Hampton Court, Henry VIII’s favourite palace. Free time to visit Windsor Castle (entrance fees not included). With 500 years of history, Hampton Court was once the home of four Kings and one Queen. Now this former royal palace is open to the public as a major tourist attraction. Visit the palace and its various historic gardens, which include the famous maze (迷宮) where it is easy to get lost!
Tour D — Cambridgeincluding entrance fees to the Tower of Saint Mary the Great — 33until 18 March and 37thereafter.
Includes a guided tour of Cambridge, the famous university town, and the gardens of the 18th century.
34. Which of the following tours charges the lowest fee on 17 March?
A. Windsor Castle & Hampton Court.
B. Oxford & Stratford.
C. Bath & Stonehenge.
D. Cambridge.
【答案解析】 D 考查事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)。命題點(diǎn)在收費(fèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，根據(jù)四個旅游項(xiàng)目的不同收費(fèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：Tour A: 37until 26 March and 39thereafter；Tour B: 32until 12 March and 36thereafter；Tour C: 34until 11 March and 37thereafter；Tour D: 33until 18 March and 37thereafter.可得出答案。
二、轉(zhuǎn)折與對比
轉(zhuǎn)折與對比處常常是語義的重點(diǎn)，命題常常要涉及，轉(zhuǎn)折一般通過however, but, instead, yet, in fact等詞語表示。
【真題示例1】（2015浙江，閱讀C）
If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars, we would go in darkness happily, the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal (夜間活動的) species on this planet. Instead, we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun’s light. This is a basic evolutionary fact, even though most of us don’t think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet it’s the only way to explain what we’ve done to the night: We’ve engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.
50. According to the passage, human beings _________.
A. prefer to live in the darkness
B. are used to living in the day light
C. were curious about the midnight world
D. had to stay at home with the light of the moon
【答案解析】 B 考查推理判斷。命題點(diǎn)在“Instead”處。根據(jù)第二句“Instead, we are diurnal creatures …”可知，人類日間活動，眼睛習(xí)慣了陽光下的生活，B項(xiàng)與文章內(nèi)容一致。
【真題示例2】(2015天津,閱讀B)
The more interaction the robot has with humans, the more it learns. ButOshbot, like other social robots, is not intended to replace workers, butto work alongside other employees. “We have technologies to train social robots to do things not for us, butwith us,” said Breazeal.
44. We can learn from the last paragraph that social robots will ___________.
A. train employees
B. be our workmates
C. improve technologies
D. take the place of workers
【答案解析】 B 考查事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)。命題點(diǎn)在“but”處，根據(jù) “But Oshbot, like other social robots, is not intended to replace workers, but to work alongside other employees.”可知，設(shè)計這種機(jī)器人不是用來替代人工的，而是和其他工人一起工作，因此它們會成為我們的同事。
【真題示例3】（2015安徽，閱讀B）
Helene An and her family own a large restaurant business in California. However, when Helene and her husband Danny left their home in Vietnam in 1975, they didn’t have much money. They moved their family to San Francisco. There they joined Danny’s mother, Diana, who owned a small Italian sandwich shop. Soon afterwards, Helene and Diana changed the sandwich shop into a small Vietnamese restaurant. The five daughters helped in the restaurant when they were young. However, Helene did not want her daughters to always work in the family business because she thought it was too hard.
61. We can learn from Paragraph 2 that the An family _______________.
A. started a business in 1975
B. left Vietnam without much money
C. bought a restaurant in San Francisco
D. opened a sandwich shop in Los Angeles
【答案解析】 B 考查事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)。命題點(diǎn)在“However”處，根據(jù)第二句 “However, when Helene and her husband Danny left their home in Vietnam in 1975, they didn’t have much money.” 可知答案。
三、列舉項(xiàng)
由as, such as, for example, for instance等引導(dǎo)的短語或句子一般是舉例項(xiàng)，需要注意的是例子一般是和文章的中心或段落中心緊密相關(guān)的，常考“推理性問題”和“細(xì)節(jié)性問題”，這類試題可通過“中心思想”來解答。
【真題示例1】(2015天津，閱讀B)
The Jibo robot, arranged to ship later this year, is designed to be a personalized assistant. You can talk to the robot, ask it questions, and make requests for it to perform different tasks. The robot doesn’t just deliver general answers to questions; it responds based on what it learns about each individual in the household. It can do things such asreminding an elderly family member to take medicine or taking family photos.
42. What can a Jibo robot do according to Paragraph 3?
A. Communicate with you and perform operations.
B. Answer your questions and make requests.
C. Take your family pictures and deliver milk.
D. Obey your orders and remind you to take pills.
【答案解析】 D 考查事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)。命題點(diǎn)在“such as”處，根據(jù)“It can do things such as reminding an elderly family member to take medicine or taking family photos.”可知，這種機(jī)器人可以提醒老人吃藥或者拍全家福。D項(xiàng)中“服從命令”和“提醒吃藥”都是這種機(jī)器人可以勝任的。
【真題示例2】（2015江蘇，閱讀C）
Let’s begin with the question of why people volunteer. Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved. For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences, and to strengthen social relationships. If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate. To select volunteers, you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.
61. People volunteer mainly out of ________________.
A. academic requirements
B. social expectations
C. financial rewards
D. internal needs
【答案解析】 D 推理判斷題。命題點(diǎn)在“For example”處，根據(jù)“Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved. For example, people volunteer to express personal values ... to strengthen social relationships.”可知，人們做志愿者主要是處于內(nèi)在需求。For example引出factors that motivate people to get involved。
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