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雙語閱讀《呼嘯山莊》節(jié)選
《呼嘯山莊》是英國女作家勃朗特姐妹之一艾米莉·勃朗特的作品,是19世紀(jì)英國文學(xué)的代表作之一。小說描寫吉卜賽棄兒希斯克利夫被山莊老主人收養(yǎng)后,因受辱和戀愛不遂.外出致富;貋砗髮εc其女友凱瑟琳結(jié)婚的地主林頓及其子女進(jìn)行報(bào)復(fù)的故事。全篇充滿強(qiáng)烈的反壓迫、爭幸福的斗爭精神,又始終籠罩著離奇、緊張的浪漫氣氛。此作品多次被改編成電影作品。
呼嘯山莊Wuthering Heights
1784年那個(gè)禮拜五的晚上風(fēng)向變了,先來了一陣雨,接著是雪。第二天早晨春天的花兒都被厚厚的雪掩埋了。艾加先生呆在自己的房間里。我正在起居室里和嬰兒在一起,這時(shí)出乎意料地聽到身后有一個(gè)姑娘的聲音,我回過身,看到是伊莎貝拉.希斯克利夫。她的樣子讓我嚇了一大跳。她散亂的頭發(fā)濕漉漉地沾滿雨雪。她穿著一件薄薄的絲綢外衣和一雙單鞋,這裝束看著根本不適合在雪地里走遠(yuǎn)路。她的耳根有一處很深的傷口,淌著血。臉上傷痕累累,看上去疲憊不堪。我能看出她懷孕了。
“我是從呼嘯山莊一路跑到這兒的,”她上氣不接下氣說道!拔乙矓(shù)不清跌了多少跤!艾倫,請叫一個(gè)女仆給我找些干衣裳,然后我接著到村里去。我不呆在這兒!
“首先,我的好小姐,”我對她說,“你先暖和暖和,等身子干了,然后我把傷口給你包扎一下。最后我們再喝點(diǎn)茶!彼蹣O了,所以乖乖地由著我拾掇她,最后我們端著茶在爐火旁一起坐了下來。
“哦,艾倫,”她說,“聽到凱瑟琳的死訊,我大哭了一場,你知道。希斯克利夫也是悲痛欲絕!但對他我可憐不起來。這是我身上最后一件他的東西,”說著摘下她的結(jié)婚金戒指扔進(jìn)火里!拔以僖膊换氐剿莾喝チ。可我不能留在這兒,以防他來找我。況且反正我不想求艾加幫忙,說不定還會給他添麻煩。要躲開希斯克利夫,我得走得遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)的。凱瑟琳怎么會喜歡他,艾倫?我盼著他死,這樣才能把他忘得一干二凈!”
“別那么說,”我分辯道,“他是一個(gè)人。世上還有比他更壞的人!”
“他不是人,”她回答!拔野研慕唤o了他,他卻把它毀了,所以我不能可憐他。我得告訴你我是怎么逃出來的。亨德雷.歐肖昨天本來是要參加凱瑟琳的葬禮的,但他喝多了,沒去成。昨晚約摸半夜的時(shí)候,他和我坐在廚房里,默默無言,這時(shí)希斯克利夫回來了。亨德雷想鎖上門不讓希斯克利夫進(jìn)來。他對我說他準(zhǔn)備當(dāng)天晚上用他給我看過的武器去殺他這個(gè)恨之入骨的房客。我也恨希斯克利夫,可我不能同意去殺人,所以我就朝廚房的窗戶外大聲警告。希斯克利夫?qū)ξ移瓶诖罅R,砸壞了一個(gè)窗戶。亨德雷右手拿著槍,從破洞里伸出去瞄準(zhǔn)他的仇人?伤沒來得及開槍,希斯克利夫一把把槍抓住,奪了過去。刀子割進(jìn)了亨德雷的手腕,血頓時(shí)涌了出來。希斯克利夫從窗戶跳進(jìn)廚房,開始對躺在地板上已人事不知的亨德雷拳打腳踢。
“我跑出去找約瑟夫。我們回來時(shí),希斯克利夫正給亨德雷包扎手腕。約瑟夫一見他主人的樣子驚恐萬分,要不是希斯克利夫逼著我說出怎么回事,他就去報(bào)警察了。我不能不同意說的確是亨德雷先攻擊希斯克利夫的。
“第二天,我決定報(bào)復(fù)希斯克利夫,于是告訴亨德雷在他昏迷不醒時(shí)那‘惡棍’曾對他拳打腳踢。而且我還當(dāng)著希斯克利夫的面說,如果凱瑟琳當(dāng)了他妻子,他也決不能讓她幸福。這話讓他勃然大怒,一把刀就朝我扔過來,砍在我脖子上,接著他又大罵著向我沖來。我明白我必須馬上逃走,就在我跑出廚房的當(dāng)兒,我看見亨德雷攻向希斯克利未,他們倆在地板上廝打著滾作一團(tuán)。我在雪地里越過荒原朝畫眉山莊而來。我終于自由啦!我堅(jiān)決不會再在呼嘯山莊多過一個(gè)晚上!
喝完茶,伊莎貝拉離開了畫眉山莊。她從我們的村子出發(fā),乘馬車去了南方,并在倫敦附近建立了一個(gè)新家。幾個(gè)月后,她在那兒生了個(gè)兒子,給他起名叫林頓。
希斯克利夫一定是從仆人們那兒聽說了這個(gè)消息。一天,我在村里看見他,他說,“我聽說我有了個(gè)兒子,艾倫,他叫林頓!我猜伊莎貝拉是想讓我恨他!她可以暫時(shí)養(yǎng)著他。但要告訴艾加.林頓,這孩子總有一天是我的!他是我的!”
凱瑟琳死后,我那可憐的主人艾加先生似乎成了另一個(gè)人。他不再上教堂,也不看朋友。他偶爾會上荒原獨(dú)自走走,定期去看看妻子的墓。但好在凱瑟琳給他留下了她的血肉,女兒凱茜。這個(gè)小孩子很快贏得了他的歡心。
洛克伍德先生,要比較亨德雷和艾加就會令人不解。他們都失去了妻子,都留下了一個(gè)孩子。亨德雷不信上帝,對哈里頓毫不關(guān)心。而艾加信上帝,并且非常愛他的女兒凱茜。
亨德雷在他妹妹死后六個(gè)月也死了。我們一直沒弄清楚到底是怎么回事,盡管希斯克利夫說他是喝酒醉死的。好像希斯克利夫是玩牌贏走了亨德雷的宅子、土地和錢財(cái),所以現(xiàn)在他成了呼嘯山莊的主人。哈里頓從他父親那兒一個(gè)子兒也沒繼承到,只能呆在呼嘯山莊當(dāng)仆人,為他父親原來的仇人干活兒。
1784 That Friday evening the wind changed,and brought first rain,then snow.Next morning the spring flowers were all hidden under deep snow.Mr Edgar stayed in his room.I was in the sitting-room with the baby,when I was surprised to hear a girls voice behind me.I turned round,and saw it was Isabella Heathcliff.I was quite shocked by her appearance.Her hair was loose,and wet with snow and rain. She wore a light silk dress and thin shoes,which did not seem at all suitable for a long walk in the snow.Under her ear was a deep wound,which was bleeding.Her face was scratched and bruised,and she looked very tired.I could see that she was expecting a baby.
‘Ive run all the way here from Wuthering Heights,she said,gasping for breath.‘I couldnt count how many times Ive fallen down!Ellen,please ask a maid to find some dry clothes for me,and then Ill go on to the village.Im not stay- ing here.’ ‘First,my dear young lady,’I told her,‘youll get warm and dry,and Ill put a bandage on that wound.Then well have some tea.’She was so exhausted that she let me help her without protesting,and finally we sat down together near the fire with our cups of tea.
‘Oh,Ellen,she said,‘I cried bitterly when I heard of Catherines death,you know And Heathcliff is desperately sad!But I cant feel sorry for him.This is the last thing of his Ive got,’and she took off her gold wedding-ring and threw it in the fire.‘Ill never go back to him.But I cant stay here, in case he comes to find me.And anyway I dont want to beg for Edgars help,or make trouble for him.To escape from Heathcliff I must go a long way away.How could Catherine have liked him,Ellen?I wish he would die,and then I could forget him completely!’ ‘Dont say that,’I protested,‘hes a human being.There are worse men than him in the world!’ ‘He isnt human,she replied.‘I gave him my heart,and he destroyed it,so I cant feel pity for him.But I must tell you how I managed to escape.Hindley Earnshaw should have been at Catherines burial yesterday,but he had been drinking so much that he couldnt go.Last night he and I were sitting silently in the kitchen at about midnight,when Heathcliff came home.Hindley decided to lock the doors so that Heath- cliff could not get in.He told me his plan was to murder his hated guest that night,with the weapon he had shown me.I hate Heathcliff too,but I could not agree to murder,so I called out a warning from the kitchen window.Heathcliff swore horribly at me and broke one of the windows.Hindley put his right arm out through the hole,with the gun in it,and aimed it at his enemy.But before he could fire,Heathcliff caught hold of the gun and pulled it away from Hindley.The knife cut into Hindleys wrist,and blood poured out.Heath- cliff jumped into the kitchen through the window,and started kicking and hitting Hindley.who was lying unconscious on the kitchen floor. ‘I ran off to find Joseph.When we came back,Heathcliff was putting a bandage on Hindleys wrist.Joseph was shocked at the sight of his master,and would have gone to the police, if Heathcliff hadnt forced me to describe what happened.I had to agree that Hindley had certainly attacked Heathcliff first. ‘The next day,I decided to have my revenge on Heathcliff, by telling Hindley that‘that devil’had hit and kicked him when he was unconscious.And I told Heathcliff to his face that he could never have made Catherine happy,if she had been his wife.This made him so angry that he threw a knife at me,which cut my neck,and then he rushed towards me, swearing violently.I knew I had to get away quickly,and as I ran out of the kitchen,I saw Hindley attack Heathcliff Both of them were rolling on the floor,fighting.I came over the moors through the snow to the Grange.At last Im free!And I shall never,never spend another night at Wuthering Heights.’
After drinking her tea,Isabella left the Grange From our village she travelled by coach to the south,where she made her new home near London.There,a few months later,she had a son.She called him Linton.
Heathcliff must have discovered this from the servants.One day when I saw him in the village,he said,‘I hear Ive got a son,Ellen,whose names Linton!I suppose Isabella wants me to hate him!She can keep him for the moment.But tell Edgar Linton Ill have the boy one day!Hes mine!’
After Catherines death my poor master,Mr Edgar,was a changed man.He no longer went to church,or saw any friends.He occasionally went for lonely walks on the moors, and regularly visited his wifes grave.But fortunately Catherine had left him something of herself,her daughter Cathy.This tiny child soon won his heart.
Its strange,Mr Lockwood,to compare Hindley and Edgar.They both lost their wives,and were left with a child. Hindley did not believe in God,and showed no interest in his son Hareton.But Edgar believed,and loved his daughter Cathy deeply.
Hindley himself died six months after his sister Catherine. We never discovered exactly what happened,but Heathcliff said he had drunk himself to death.It appeared that Heathcliff had won Hindleys house,land and money from him when playing cards,so he was now the master of Wuthering Heights.Hareton inherited nothing from his father,and could only stay on at Wuthering Heights as a servant,working for the man who had been his fathers enemy.
內(nèi)容簡介
《呼嘯山莊》描寫的吉卜賽棄兒希刺克厲夫被山莊老主人收養(yǎng)后,因不堪受辱和戀愛受挫,外出致富;貋砗蟀l(fā)現(xiàn)女友凱瑟琳已與地主林頓結(jié)婚,繼而產(chǎn)生對地主及其子女進(jìn)行報(bào)復(fù)的故事。全篇充滿了強(qiáng)烈的反壓迫、求自由的斗爭精神,又始終籠罩著離奇、緊張、浪漫的藝術(shù)氣氛。作品開始曾被人稱作是年輕女作家脫離現(xiàn)實(shí)的天真幻想,但結(jié)合其所描寫地區(qū)激烈的階級斗爭和英國當(dāng)時(shí)的社會現(xiàn)象,不久又被評論界給予高度肯定,并受到廣大讀者的熱烈歡迎。
英格蘭北部,有一座幾乎與世隔絕的“呼嘯山莊(Wuthering Heights)”。主人歐肖(Earnshaw)收養(yǎng)了一個(gè)棄兒,取名希斯克利夫(Heathcliff),讓他與自己的兒女辛德雷(Hindley)和凱瑟琳(Catherine)一起生活。希斯克利夫與凱瑟琳朝夕相處并萌發(fā)了愛情,但辛德雷十分憎惡他。老歐肖死后,辛德雷不僅禁止希斯克利夫與凱瑟琳接觸,還對他百般虐待和侮辱,這加劇了希斯克利夫?qū)π恋吕椎脑购,也加深了他對凱瑟琳的愛。
一天,希斯克利夫與凱瑟琳秘密外出,認(rèn)識了鄰近的畫眉田莊(Thrushcross Grange)的小主人埃德加·林頓(Edgar Linton)。這個(gè)溫文爾雅的富家子弟傾慕凱瑟琳的美貌,向她求婚,天真幼稚的凱瑟琳同意嫁給林頓。希斯克利夫知道凱瑟琳出嫁的消息,痛不欲生,憤然出走。
數(shù)年之后,衣錦還鄉(xiāng)的希斯克利夫要向辛德雷和林頓進(jìn)行報(bào)復(fù)。辛德雷是個(gè)生活放蕩的紈绔子弟,酗酒、賭博,肆意揮霍家產(chǎn),終至窮困潦倒。連剩下的家產(chǎn)都抵押給了希斯克利夫,并淪為他的奴仆。希斯克利夫經(jīng)常拜訪畫眉田莊,林頓的妹妹伊莎貝拉(Isabella Linton)對他傾心不已,最后隨他私奔。但希斯克利夫把她囚禁在呼嘯山莊并折磨她,以發(fā)泄自己強(qiáng)烈的怨憤。
凱瑟琳嫁給林頓以后,雖然凱、林思想分歧巨大,但由于林頓的遷就,二人生活幸福。希斯克利夫的衣錦榮歸,喚醒了她曾經(jīng)對野性的愛的追求。激動中她病倒了,并很快就死去了,留下一個(gè)早產(chǎn)的女嬰——凱蒂(Cathy)。
伊莎貝拉趁亂逃了出來,來到倫敦郊外,不久生了一個(gè)男孩,取名林頓·希斯克利夫(Linton Heathcliff)。辛德雷在凱瑟琳死后不到半年便酗酒而死,而他的兒子哈里頓(Hareton)落入希斯克利夫的掌心,希斯克利夫在孩子身上進(jìn)一步實(shí)施報(bào)復(fù)。12年后,伊莎貝拉病死他鄉(xiāng),希斯克利夫接回兒子,卻非常厭惡他的羸弱、嬌氣。
希斯克利夫趁林頓病危之際,將凱蒂接來,并強(qiáng)迫她與兒子結(jié)婚。幾天后,林頓死去,希斯克利夫又成了畫眉田莊的主人。小希斯克利夫婚后不久也悄然死去。
這時(shí),哈里頓已經(jīng)23歲了,盡管被剝奪了受教育的權(quán)利,缺乏人間的溫暖,但他敦厚忠實(shí),風(fēng)度翩翩。凱蒂對他產(chǎn)生了愛情。這讓希斯克利夫大為惱怒,他決心拆散這對戀人。然而,當(dāng)他再仔細(xì)觀察他們時(shí),昔日的凱瑟琳和他相愛時(shí)的情景浮現(xiàn)眼前。此時(shí)此刻,他心頭的恨消退了,愛復(fù)活了,他不忍心再報(bào)復(fù)。他要去尋找凱瑟琳。在一個(gè)風(fēng)雪之夜,他呼喚著凱瑟琳的名字,離開了人世。
創(chuàng)作背景
艾米麗生性寂寞,自小內(nèi)向的她,緘默又總帶著幾分以男性自居的感覺,誠如夏洛蒂所說的:“她的性格是獨(dú)一無二的!鄙倥畷r(shí)代,當(dāng)她和姐妹們在家里“編造”故事、寫詩的時(shí)候,她就顯得很特別,后來收錄在她們詩歌合集中艾米麗的作品總是如同波德萊爾或愛倫·坡那樣被“惡”這一主題所困惑,在純凈的抒情風(fēng)格之間總籠罩著一層死亡的陰影。
在她寫作《呼嘯山莊》時(shí),這種困惑與不安的情緒變得更加急躁,她迫切需要創(chuàng)造一個(gè)虛構(gòu)的世界來演繹它,把自己心底幾近撕裂的痛苦借小說人物之口淋漓盡致地發(fā)泄出來。因此《呼嘯山莊》是飽含作者心血與情感的作品。
作品鑒賞
《呼嘯山莊》通過一個(gè)愛情悲劇,向人們展示了一幅畸形社會的生活畫面,勾勒了被這個(gè)畸形社會扭曲了的人性及其造成的種種恐怖的事件。整個(gè)故事的情節(jié)實(shí)際上是通過四個(gè)階段逐步鋪開的。第一階段敘述了希斯克利夫與凱瑟琳朝夕相處的童年生活;一個(gè)棄兒和一個(gè)小姐在這種特殊環(huán)境中所形成的特殊感情,以及他們對亨德雷專橫暴虐的反抗。第二階段著重描寫凱瑟琳因?yàn)樘摌s、無知和愚昧,背棄了希斯克利夫,成了畫眉田莊的女主人。第三階段以大量筆墨描繪希斯克利夫如何在絕望中把滿腔仇恨化為報(bào)仇雪恥的計(jì)謀和行動。最后階段盡管只交代了希斯克利夫的死亡,卻突出地揭示了當(dāng)他了解哈里頓和小凱瑟琳相愛后,思想上經(jīng)歷的一種嶄新的變化——人性的復(fù)蘇,從而使這出具有恐怖色彩的愛情悲劇透露出一束令人快慰的希望之光。
因此,希斯克利夫的愛—恨—復(fù)仇—人性的復(fù)蘇,既是小說的精髓,又是貫穿始終的一條紅線。作者依此脈絡(luò),謀篇布局,把場景安排得變幻莫測,有時(shí)在陰云密布、鬼哭狼嚎的曠野,有時(shí)又是風(fēng)狂雨驟、陰森慘暗的庭院,故事始終籠罩在一種神秘和恐怖的氣氛之中。在小說中,作者的全部心血凝聚在希斯克利夫形象的刻畫上,她在這里寄托了自己的全部憤慨、同情和理想。這個(gè)被剝奪了人間溫暖的棄兒在實(shí)際生活中培養(yǎng)了強(qiáng)烈的愛與憎,亨德雷的皮鞭使他嘗到了人生的殘酷,也教會他懂得忍氣吞聲的屈服無法改變自己受辱的命運(yùn)。他選擇了反抗。凱瑟琳曾經(jīng)是他忠實(shí)的伙伴,他倆在共同的反抗中萌發(fā)了真摯的愛情。
然而,凱瑟琳最后卻背叛了希斯克利夫,嫁給了她不了解、也根本不愛的埃德加·林頓。造成這個(gè)愛情悲劇的直接原因是她的虛榮、無知和愚蠢,結(jié)果卻葬送了自己的青春、愛情和生命,也毀了對她始終一往情深的希思克利夫,還差一點(diǎn)坑害了下一代。艾米莉·勃朗特刻畫這個(gè)人物時(shí),有同情,也有憤慨;有惋惜,也有鞭笞;既哀其不幸,又怒其不爭,心情是極其復(fù)雜的。
凱瑟琳的背叛及其婚后悲苦的命運(yùn),是全書最重大的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)。它使希斯克利夫滿腔的愛化為無比的恨;凱瑟琳一死,這腔仇恨火山般迸發(fā)出來,成了瘋狂的復(fù)仇動力。希斯克利夫的目的達(dá)到了,他不僅讓亨德雷和埃德加凄苦死去,獨(dú)霸了兩家莊園的產(chǎn)業(yè),還讓他們平白無故的下一代也飽嘗了苦果。這種瘋狂的報(bào)仇泄恨,貌似悖于常理,但卻淋漓盡致地表達(dá)了他非同一般的叛逆精神,這是一種特殊環(huán)境、特殊性格所決定的特殊反抗。希斯克利夫的愛情悲劇是社會的悲劇,也是時(shí)代的悲劇。
《呼嘯山莊》的故事是以希斯克利夫達(dá)到復(fù)仇目的而自殺告終的。他的死是一種殉情,表達(dá)了他對凱瑟琳生死不渝的愛,一種生不能同衾、死也求同穴的愛的追求。而他臨死前放棄了在下一代身上報(bào)復(fù)的念頭,表明他的天性本來是善良的,只是由于殘酷的現(xiàn)實(shí)扭曲了他的天性,迫使他變得暴虐無情。這種人性的復(fù)蘇是一種精神上的升華,閃耀著作者人道主義的理想。
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