考研英語高分作文標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及范文
什么樣的英語作文才是高分作文,高分作文要符合哪些要求,下面yjbys網(wǎng)小編為大家提供了考研英語高分作文標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及范文,供大家參考!
一、內(nèi)容切題, 包括提綱的全部內(nèi)容
自1991年研究生入學(xué)考試增加作文的考試項(xiàng)目以來, 每次作文都要求考生根據(jù)所提供的寫作提綱完成一篇短文, 因此, 評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的第一項(xiàng)即要求內(nèi)容切題, 包括提綱的全部內(nèi)容, 實(shí)際上對(duì)于任何命題性作文來說, 內(nèi)容切題都是一項(xiàng)最基本的要求。那么該如何達(dá)到這一要求呢? 我們認(rèn)為考生應(yīng)該從以下幾個(gè)方面入手:
(1) 認(rèn)真審題。根據(jù)題目類別, 弄清文體的要求, 并判明文章的種類( 議論文、說明文、記敘文), 同時(shí)確定文章要闡明的主題或要表達(dá)的中心思想, 若題目已經(jīng)給提供了提綱, 還要注意弄清各提綱要點(diǎn)之間的邏輯關(guān)系?忌谀玫阶魑念}后切勿唯恐時(shí)間不夠, 提筆就寫。 一旦寫的內(nèi)容偏離了題目的要求, 等到發(fā)現(xiàn)了再改就來不及了。我們平常所說的“磨刀不誤砍柴功”就是這個(gè)道理。
(2) 注意安排設(shè)計(jì)段落。根據(jù)文章的中心思想, 確定各個(gè)段落的主題內(nèi)容和主題句。如果是議論文, 一般要從論點(diǎn)的正反兩個(gè)方面來考慮, 首先是某觀點(diǎn)的合理成分或者某物的長處, 然后是該觀點(diǎn)的不合理成分或者該物的短處, 最后闡明自己的觀點(diǎn)。如果題目給提供了提綱, 只要把提綱擴(kuò)展成主題句即可。
(3) 切忌將記憶里比較熟悉的句子生拉硬扯地弄進(jìn)作文, 使作文結(jié)構(gòu)松散, 意思不明確, 甚至?xí)x主題。
二、表達(dá)清楚, 文字連貫
文章要做到表達(dá)清楚, 文字連貫, 文章各段落就必須根據(jù)提綱所確立的不同主題句來展開, 而且各段落的主題句將段落的各個(gè)部分凝聚在一起, 流利地表現(xiàn)出段落所要表現(xiàn)的思想, 使讀者能夠輕松地理解段落中各部分以及段落之間的聯(lián)系。下面, 我們來看一篇93年考題的范文:
Advertisement on TV
Today more and more advertisements are seen on the TV screen. Every evening a series of advertisements come immediately after the News Program is over, informing TV viewers of the many different sorts of up-to-date products on the market. Besides, it often happens that while you are absorbed in a wonderful film on TV, endless ads interrupt you from time to time and make you quite annoyed.
There are two reasons, I think, for the growing number of ads on TV. First, in a competitive economy, the consumer usually has the choice of several different brands of the same product. Thus, manufacturers are confronted with a problem how to keep sales high enough to stay in business. They solve this problem by advertising. Through advertising, each manufacturing company tries to convince consumers that its product is special. Second, most consumers are interested in ads. They wish to get from TV ads the first-hand information about new products, which enables them to choose the one that they like best. As a result, there is a sharp increase in ads on the TV screen.
Personally, I am in favour of TV ads because most of them are interesting and informative. But there is no denying that some of them are tedious and boring. So I feel TV stations are faced with an arduous task to strengthen the control of ads, to improve their quality and to make them more attractive.
(注: 該范文摘自朱泰祺編著《新編碩士研究生入學(xué)英語考試復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)》一書)
在上面的作文中, 作者采用了明確的主題句, 而且每個(gè)段落都是緊緊圍繞主題句寫作而成, 另外, 作者還使用了明顯的連接詞, 例如第一段中的besides, 第二段的first, thus, second, as a result, 第三段中的but, so等等, 使得整個(gè)文章主題思想清楚, 文字渾然一體。
三、句式有變化
初學(xué)寫作的同志, 由于對(duì)英語寫作沒有信心, 通常不敢大膽地使用自己已經(jīng)掌握的語言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí), 包括英語句法知識(shí)。結(jié)果整篇文章都是以主語、謂語、賓語句式為主的簡單句子, 文章因此顯得刻板, 毫無生氣。實(shí)際上, 同漢語一樣, 英語的句子結(jié)構(gòu)也是豐富多彩, 變化多樣的, 同樣的一個(gè)意義可以用多種句子結(jié)構(gòu)來表達(dá)。例如:
例1. The villagers took great care of the old man.
The old man was taken great care of (by the villagers).
Great care was taken of the old man (by the villagers).
例2. His speech was good enough to stir the audience.
His speech was too good not to stir the audience.
His speech was so good that all the audience felt stirred.
例3. A computer was among the new products on display.
Among the new products on display was a computer.
例4. Most metals are good conductors, and silver is the best.
Most metals are good conductors, silver being the best.
Most metals are good conductors, with silver in the lead.
因此, 我們在寫作時(shí), 應(yīng)充分利用我們已有的句法知識(shí), 采用各種句法結(jié)構(gòu), 使作文句式多樣、 生動(dòng)活潑。
四、句子結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞正確
要在寫作中, 使用正確的句子結(jié)構(gòu), 選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~匯, 首先要勤學(xué)多練。尤其在開始練習(xí)寫作的初始階段, 可勤查語法書和字典等工具書, 背記常用詞和短語, 擴(kuò)大詞匯量, 拓展知識(shí)面。 要深刻理解所背詞語的內(nèi)在含義, 并了解他們所使用的語言環(huán)境。復(fù)習(xí)備考時(shí), 請務(wù)必認(rèn)真閱讀本書的后面關(guān)于寫作方面的論述, 模仿并熟記一些常用的過渡詞和英語句型, 以及一些英語范文,并切忌自編自造漢語式的英語句式和詞組, 養(yǎng)成不良的寫作習(xí)慣。 一定要注意使用學(xué)習(xí)過的,比較熟悉有把握的句式和詞匯。
其次, 在考試過程中, 對(duì)于那些拿不穩(wěn), 沒有把握的句子, 盡量采取“ 回避政策”。下面是一篇在94年研究生入學(xué)考試中獲得14分的作文, 整篇文章很符合我們在上面所述的高分作文的要求:
On Making Friends
As a human being, one can hardly do without a friend. Society is made up of individuals, and making friend is a very important part in our life. Friends can give you a lot. First, if you have trouble with some problems, you can consult your good friends and exchange opinions. Thus you will feel comfortable and encouraged. Secondly, if you wish to do some physical exercises, such as playing table tennis, you can play with friends and have a good time. Then you can relax yourself. In short, we need friends.
But what is true friendship? Some people think friends are people whom they can play with. In my opinion, a friend in need is a friend indeed. True friendship can encourage you when you are in difficulties. A true friend not only shares with you your joy and happiness but also your trouble and anxiety. When you need him, he will give you a hand and spare no efforts. Of course, these principles are the same to you when you treat your friends.
As far as I'm concerned, I wish to make as many friends as possible. The world is a big family, and we will feel relaxed in a friendly atmosphere. You will discover the world is full of flowers and happiness. I wish some day we can all be friends.
另外, 值得一提的是, 寫作屬于主觀性測試, 閱卷人對(duì)答卷印象的好壞會(huì)直接影響到考生的分?jǐn)?shù), 而且研究生入學(xué)考試英語短文寫作的閱卷采用的是總體評(píng)分的方法, 閱卷人員就總體印象給出獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)分, 而不是按語言點(diǎn)的錯(cuò)誤數(shù)目扣分, 因此, 考生要特別注意卷面的整潔, 答題紙四周都要留空邊。在一般情況下, 你的作文的讀者就是閱卷的老師, 所以, 短文忌用對(duì)讀者不尊重的詞語, 避免引起閱卷老師的'反感, 例如, 有些考生習(xí)慣使用“Do you know …? Let me tell you”之類的過分口語化的句子, 這樣有把讀者當(dāng)做小學(xué)生之嫌, 易引起人的反感, 因此應(yīng)該盡量避免。 另外, 切勿將題目中提供的英語單詞抄錯(cuò), 否則會(huì)使閱卷人感覺到你是一位粗心甚至不負(fù)責(zé)任的人。 還有一點(diǎn)容易給閱卷人造成不良印象的問題是標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的使用, 在閱卷的過程中, 我們經(jīng)常會(huì)碰到有的考生的作文整篇沒有一個(gè)明顯的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào), 在每個(gè)句子或應(yīng)該加注標(biāo)點(diǎn)的地方都用一點(diǎn), 根本分不清是逗號(hào)還是句號(hào), 有的缺乏標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的常識(shí), 在一個(gè)書名兩邊加注《 》號(hào), 這些都會(huì)影響到考生的成績。因此, 希望考生注意認(rèn)真閱讀后面關(guān)于標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)使用的一部分。
最后, 我們談?wù)効荚囘^程中短文寫作的時(shí)間分配問題, 短文寫作的時(shí)間為40分鐘, 要力爭寫完寫好, 這就要求考生做到有條不紊,忙而不亂,充分發(fā)揮自己應(yīng)有的水平。建議按照如下的方案分配時(shí)間: 審題2~3分鐘, 組織素材, 細(xì)節(jié)和關(guān)鍵詞: 5~6分鐘, 起草: 20~25分鐘, 修改定稿: 6~10分鐘。
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