考研英語題源：流行病

時間：2024-07-30 05:10:03 考研英語我要投稿

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考研英語題源：流行病

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考研英語題源：流行病

　　Pandemics

　　流行病

　　An ounce of prevention

　　預(yù)防不足

　　Crises of infectious diseases are becoming more common. The world should be better prepared傳染病導(dǎo)致的危機(jī)已經(jīng)越來越常見，世界應(yīng)該做好更周全的準(zhǔn)備ONE of the sobering lessons of the Ebola crisis was how ill-prepared the world was for such a deadly disease. It is terrifying to reflect on how the virus's advance was halted in the teeming city of Lagos thanks only to the heroism of a single doctor and because the place just happened to have the expertise needed to trace all of the first victim's contacts. Today the world is facing a worrying outbreak of Zika virus, adding to a growing list of diseases that includes SARS, MERS and bird flu.

　　埃博拉危機(jī)讓世界清醒地認(rèn)識到，我們對于如此致命的疾病有多么的束手無策。細(xì)思恐極的是，當(dāng)病毒在人聲鼎沸的拉各斯肆虐時，多虧了一名醫(yī)生的大無畏精神，疫情蔓延才得以中止，與此同時，拉各斯恰巧有技術(shù)能夠追溯到所有與第一例病毒感染者接觸的所有人。

　　傳染病導(dǎo)致的危機(jī)已經(jīng)越來越常見.png

　　This is the new normal. New infectious diseases are becoming more common. With more people on the planet, more roads and flights connecting everyone, and greater contact between humans and animals, this is only to be expected. Over half of the 1,400 known human pathogens have their origins in animals such as pigs, bats, chickens and other birds.

　　這是一個新常態(tài)。新型傳染病變得越來越普遍。隨著地球上人口日益增加，大量的公路和航班提升了各個地區(qū)的通達(dá)性，再加上人與動物的接觸越來越多，這樣的情形不可避免。人類已知的1400個病原體中，有一半以上都源自動物宿主，包括豬、蝙蝠、雞和其他禽類。

　　Pandemics and pandemonium

　　流行病與大混亂

　　When a new outbreak occurs, fear spreads even more rapidly than the virus. Politicians respond, rationally or not, with travel bans, quarantines or trade blocks. Airlines ground flights. Travellers cancel trips. Ebola has infected almost 30,000 people, killed more than 11,000 and cost more than $2 billion in lost output in the three hardest-hit countries. SARS infected 8,000 and killed 800; because it hit richer places, it cost more than $40 billion. Predicting these losses is hard, but a recent report on global health risks puts the expected economic losses from potential pandemics at around $60 billion a year.

　　當(dāng)新的疫情爆發(fā)時，恐懼情緒傳播的比病毒更快。政治家們做出各種合理或不合理的反映：禁止出行、檢疫隔離和貿(mào)易封鎖。航線暫停，旅行者們?nèi)∠鲇�。埃博拉感染了超過3萬人，致死1.1萬人，疫情最嚴(yán)重的三個國家因此損失產(chǎn)值超20億。SARS感染了8千人，致死800人，由于爆發(fā)在較發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)，其造成的產(chǎn)值損失超過400億。預(yù)測這些疾病導(dǎo)致的損失不容易，但最近一份關(guān)于全球健康危機(jī)的報告預(yù)計，潛在的流行病將導(dǎo)致每年約600億的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。

　　As the threat grows, so does the case for beefing up defences against disease. America's National Academy of Medicine suggests that just $4.5 billion a year (equivalent to about 3% of what rich countries spend on development aid) devoted to preparing for pandemics would make the world a lot safer. The money would strengthen public-health systems, improve co-ordination in an emergency and fund neglected areas of R&D.

　　隨著危機(jī)不斷升級，對疾病的防御也應(yīng)同樣加強(qiáng)。美國國家醫(yī)學(xué)研究院表示每年僅需投入45億美金(相當(dāng)于富有國家花在發(fā)展援助上的3%)在流行疾病防控上，世界便會變得安全許多。資金的投入將會用于加強(qiáng)公共衛(wèi)生體系，提高研發(fā)部門在應(yīng)對突發(fā)情況以及資金短缺的協(xié)調(diào)性。

　　Many of the investments to prepare for pandemics would bring broader benefits, too. Stronger public-health systems would help fight such diseases as tuberculosis, which reduces global GDP by $12 billion a year, and malaria, which takes an even bigger toll. But the priority should be to advance vaccines for diseases that are rare today, but which scientists know could easily become pandemics in the future: Lassa fever, say, Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever or Marburg.

　　在流行疾病的防控上注入更多的投資會帶來更多的好處。每年僅在防治肺結(jié)核病上，全球GDP減少了120億美金，而瘧疾則耗費更多。若公共健康體系建立完善，將有利于防治肺結(jié)核等疾病，但首要的是去研制疫苗去防治現(xiàn)今極其罕見，但又被科學(xué)家們聲稱今后極易大流行的疾病，比如拉沙熱，克里米亞剛果出血熱，或者馬爾堡。

　　Better sharing of data would help (see article). More important is funding and a review of who has liability if firms rush vaccines or drugs to market. The initial development and early-stage testing of vaccines for the most likely future pandemics would cost roughly $150m each. Drug firms have little incentive to invest in a vaccine that may never be used. For these firms even later-stage testing when a pandemic breaks out is tricky. The drug industry spent $1 billion on Ebola and took on liability risk, yet never made a profit. The same companies may not be so willing next time. To encourage drug firms to play their full part during an emergency, governments need to set out how they will share the burden.

　　若能更好地共享數(shù)據(jù)，那將會大有裨益(另見文)。更為重要的是提供資金，還有當(dāng)公司把疫苗或者藥品推向市場時需審查責(zé)任人。即便是未來爆發(fā)可能性最高的流行病的防控疫苗，在處于初步發(fā)展與早期檢測階段時，也要耗費大約1.5億美金。因此醫(yī)藥公司沒有動力去投資開發(fā)未來可能都不會被使用的疫苗。對于這些公司，一旦疫情爆發(fā)，后期的疫苗測試也很難對付。醫(yī)藥行業(yè)花費了10億美金在埃博拉上，同時承擔(dān)了責(zé)任風(fēng)險，然而從未獲利。沒有公司會愿意虧本第二次。為了鼓勵醫(yī)藥公司在疫情時期充分發(fā)揮自己的作用，政府需要明確自己將會如何替他們分擔(dān)責(zé)任。

　　Since the financial crisis, banks have been required to hold more capital in order to lower the risk of economic contagion. The world spends about $2 trillion annually on defence. Investing in health security is a similar form of insurance, but one with better returns.

　　自金融危機(jī)后，為了降低經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)蔓延的風(fēng)險，銀行已被要求持有更多資本。全球每年共花去大約2萬億美金在防治疾病上面。在衛(wèi)生安全上投資類似于購買保險，但是會取得更好的收益

　　解析

　　1.only to 只是為了

　　例句:I wanted only to wallow in my own grief.

　　我只想沉湎于自己的悲傷中。

　　2.happen to 碰巧

　　例句:Did you happen to see her leave last Wednesday?

　　上周三你有沒有碰巧看見她離開?

　　3.such as 比如

　　例句:This was just below much smaller economies such as Tunisia, Albania and Jordan.

　　這比總規(guī)模小得多的經(jīng)濟(jì)體如突尼斯、阿爾巴尼亞和約旦還落后。

　　4.economic loss 經(jīng)濟(jì)損失