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考研英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)翻譯方法技巧
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)在英語(yǔ)中的比較多，是考生需重點(diǎn)掌握的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。下面是小編分享的考研英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)翻譯方法技巧，歡迎大家閱讀！
考研英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)翻譯方法技巧1
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的廣泛使用是英語(yǔ)區(qū)別于漢語(yǔ)的顯著特點(diǎn)之一。在英語(yǔ)中，大凡為了強(qiáng)調(diào)受事者，以突出其鮮明位置，無(wú)需提及主動(dòng)者、無(wú)意點(diǎn)明主動(dòng)者、無(wú)從說(shuō)出主動(dòng)者，為了上下文的銜接與連貫等等，或是出于禮貌措辭圓通等方面的考慮不愿說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的.執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)的，往往都采用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
此外，由于英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)能給讀者以間接客觀、不帶個(gè)人感情色彩的印象，因而在科技文獻(xiàn)、政論文章和新聞報(bào)道等文體中使用尤為頻繁。但是漢語(yǔ)采用的主要是語(yǔ)義型句式，大多數(shù)被動(dòng)意義并不一定非得通過(guò)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)句來(lái)表達(dá)，而可以通過(guò)形式上主動(dòng)、語(yǔ)義上被動(dòng)的句式予以體現(xiàn)。英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)使用上存在的這種差異決定了英漢翻譯中語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換的必要性。
一、譯成漢語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)句
使用"被、受、遭、讓、給、把、得到、加以、得以、為......所、由......來(lái)"等詞匯。
1. Problems should be resolved in good time.
問(wèn)題應(yīng)及時(shí)加以解決。
2. He was praised by his teacher.
他得到了老師的表?yè)P(yáng)。
二、譯成漢語(yǔ)主動(dòng)句
(一)保存原文主語(yǔ)(原句主語(yǔ)通常為無(wú)生命的名詞)
3. With the development of social economy，cultural traditions must be kept.
隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展，文化傳統(tǒng)必須保留
4. The meeting is scheduled for April 6th.
會(huì)議定于四月六日舉行。
(二)主賓顛倒(by+行為主體)
5. Heat and light can be given off by this chemical change.
這種化學(xué)反應(yīng)能發(fā)出熱和光。
6. Only a small portion of solar energy is now being used.
現(xiàn)在我們只能利用一小部分太陽(yáng)能�！�
考研英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)翻譯方法技巧2
(1)被動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)仍譯為主動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)。
The car was severely damaged beyond any means of repair while the driver was safe and sound.
譯文：汽車(chē)損壞嚴(yán)重，已無(wú)法修理，而駕車(chē)者卻安然無(wú)恙。
The discovery is highly appreciated in the circle of science.
譯文：此項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)得到科學(xué)界的高度評(píng)價(jià)。(或：科學(xué)界對(duì)此項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)給予高度評(píng)價(jià)。)
(2)將被動(dòng)句譯成主動(dòng)句，有時(shí)外加泛指人稱代詞"人們"，"有人"，"大家"，"我們"做主語(yǔ)。
Rubber is found to be a good isolating material.
譯文：人們發(fā)現(xiàn)，橡膠是一種良好的絕緣材料。
The area has been marked out for building more hotels.
譯文：人們劃出這塊地區(qū)用于建造更多的旅店。
(3)把by 后動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者做主語(yǔ)，英文原句中的主語(yǔ)做賓語(yǔ)。
The result of the invention of the steam engine was that human power was replaced by mechanical power.
譯文：蒸汽機(jī)發(fā)明的結(jié)果是機(jī)械力代替了人力。
What measures have been or are being adopted by the government to reduce air pollution?
譯文：政府已經(jīng)采取或正在采取哪些措施去降低空氣的污染程度呢?
(4)譯成漢語(yǔ)中的無(wú)主句。
若根據(jù)上下文或特定情景，對(duì)行為主體一目了然，或者出于禮貌和婉轉(zhuǎn)起見(jiàn)，可以采用這種譯法。
The amount of carbon monoxide that an engine gives off can be reduced by special devices designed to make the engine burn the fuel more efficiently.
譯文：使發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)更有效地燃燒燃料而設(shè)計(jì)的'特殊裝置可以降低發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)一氧化碳的排放量。
Additional International Standards may be added to the series in the future.
譯文：將來(lái)還可能對(duì)本系列標(biāo)準(zhǔn)增加若干項(xiàng)國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
(5)改譯成漢語(yǔ)的判斷句，即帶表語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句。
常見(jiàn)的被動(dòng)式句型譯法：
It cannot be denied that...不可否認(rèn)
It has been illustrated that...據(jù)說(shuō)明;據(jù)圖示;圖中表示
It has been proved that...已經(jīng)證明
It is(usually) considered that...據(jù)(通常)估計(jì);人們(通常)認(rèn)為
It is assumed that...假定
It is believed that...大家相信
It is alleged that...據(jù)稱
It is demonstrated that...已經(jīng)證明，文中(圖中)表明
It is estimated that...據(jù)估計(jì)
It is expected that...人們希望
It is found that...據(jù)發(fā)現(xiàn);人們認(rèn)為
It is generally agreed/recognized that...人們通常認(rèn)為/承認(rèn)
It is hoped/still to be hoped that...(我們)希望/仍希望
It is mentioned that...據(jù)說(shuō)
It is noticed /noted that...人們注意到/前面已經(jīng)指出
It is proposed that...有人提議(指出)
It is recommended that...有人推薦
It is regarded that...人們認(rèn)為
It is reported that...據(jù)報(bào)道
It is said that...據(jù)說(shuō)
It is stressed that...人們強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)
It is supposed that...據(jù)推測(cè);假定
It is thought that...有人認(rèn)為
It is universally accepted that...普遍認(rèn)為
It is well known that...眾所周知
It must be admitted that...必須承認(rèn)
It should be pointed out that...必須指出
It will be seen from it that...由此可見(jiàn)
如"是由…"、"是因…"、"是在…"等等。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是表示一種狀態(tài)時(shí)可以譯成漢語(yǔ)的判斷句型。
My first forty years were spent in Southern Europe.
譯文：我的前四十年在南歐度過(guò)。
These machines are operated by a worker only.
譯文：這些機(jī)器只由一名工人操縱。
(6)譯成正常的被動(dòng)句，以突出被動(dòng)意義。
這不僅包括被字句，還包括漢語(yǔ)特有的表示被動(dòng)的手段，如"受、被、叫、挨、讓、給、遭、由、為、為…所…、把、加以、使"等等都可以表示被動(dòng)意義。
In industry, natural materials difficult to get are often replaced by plastics.
譯文：在工業(yè)中，不易獲得的天然材料常常被塑料代替。
Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science.
譯文：工具和技術(shù)本身作為根本性創(chuàng)新的源泉，多年來(lái)在很大程度上被歷史學(xué)家和科學(xué)的思想家忽視了。
Problems should be resolved in good time.
譯文：?jiǎn)栴}應(yīng)該及時(shí)加以解決。
The Apollo Ⅻ crew reported that their spaceship was being followed by two UFOs.
譯文：阿波羅十二號(hào)的宇航員曾報(bào)告說(shuō)，它們的宇宙飛船正遭到兩個(gè)不明飛行物的跟蹤。(用"遭到")
For separating iron from the impurities the iron ore must be melted.
譯文：為了使鐵跟雜質(zhì)分離，鐵礦石必須經(jīng)過(guò)冶煉。
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