考研英語一閱讀理解練習(xí)試題及答案解析

　　考研英語(一)閱讀理解部分由A、B、C三節(jié)組成，考查考生理解書面英語的能力。下面是小編整理的考研英語(一)閱讀理解練習(xí)試題，歡迎閱讀!

　　Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension

　　Part A

　　Text 1

　　France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.

　　The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.

　　Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death - as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.

　　The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.

　　The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep — and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.

　　The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.

　　In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.’ The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week, which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.

　　Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.

　　21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?

　　[A] Physical beauty would be redefined.

　　[B] New runways would be constructed.

　　[C] Websites about dieting would thrive.

　　[D] The fashion industry would decline.

　　【答案】 [A] Physical beauty would be redefined

　　【解析】 推斷題。根據(jù)France定位到文章前兩段，第一段講法國決定時(shí)裝業(yè)失去了定義(define)形體美(physical beauty)的絕對權(quán)力。法國的立法者通過了一項(xiàng)法律，雇用超瘦的模特屬于犯罪，議會也禁止網(wǎng)站通過推崇極端節(jié)食“鼓動過度瘦弱”。第二段第二句提到“They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. 他們建議美麗不應(yīng)該以傷害身體健康為代價(jià)的外表來界定。”由此可知，法國通過立法手段來改變法國時(shí)裝業(yè)模特超瘦的現(xiàn)狀，即[A]項(xiàng)的“形體美將會被重新定義”，是對原文內(nèi)容的合理推斷。[B]項(xiàng)“將會建造新的舞臺”，[C]項(xiàng)“有關(guān)節(jié)食的網(wǎng)站將會興起”，[D]項(xiàng)“時(shí)裝業(yè)將會衰退”，均不能從文中推測出來，屬于“無中生有”。

　　22. The phrase “impinging on” (Line 2, Para 2) is closest in meaning to____

　　[A] heightening the value of.

　　[B] indicating the state of.

　　[C] losing faith in.

　　[D] doing harm to.

　　【答案】 [D] doing harm to

　　【解析】猜詞題。定位到第二段第二句“They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. 他們建議美麗不應(yīng)該以 身體健康為代價(jià)的外表來界定。”impinging on后面的賓語為“health”，即對健康的某種影響。根據(jù)第二段第三句“對超瘦模特的禁令似乎不僅僅是在防止模特挨餓致死——正如曾有人這么做過的”，可見法國目前的對美麗的定義導(dǎo)致了有人為了保持身材，挨餓致死，因此推測出這一短語在這里的意思為“侵犯，傷害”，[D]項(xiàng)“對……有害”正確。[A]項(xiàng)“增強(qiáng)了……的價(jià)值”，[B]項(xiàng)“反映了……的狀態(tài)”，[C]項(xiàng)“對……失去信心”均不符合句意。

　　23. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?

　　[A] The French measures have already failed.

　　[B] New standards are being set in Denmark.

　　[C] Model are no longer under peer pressure.

　　[D] Its inherent problems are getting worse.

　　【答案】 [B] New Standards are being set in Denmark

　　【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第五段第二句話“In Denmark,...it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion... 在丹麥，它正嘗試為模特設(shè)定自愿的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)……”，可知[B]項(xiàng)“在丹麥新的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)正在被設(shè)定”是對原文的同義替換。[A]項(xiàng)“法國的措施失敗了”;[C]項(xiàng)“不再有來自同行執(zhí)法的壓力”，文章第五段第二句后半句提到“images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement”，屬于“正反混淆”;[D]項(xiàng)“它固有的問題變得更嚴(yán)重了”，文中第五段只提及時(shí)裝業(yè)有固有的問題，并未提及“變得更嚴(yán)重”，屬于“無中生有”。

　　24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for ____

　　[A] setting a high age threshold for models.

　　[B] caring too much about models’ character.

　　[C] showing little concern for health factors.

　　[D] pursuing perfect physical conditions.

　　【答案】 [C] showing little concern for health factors

　　【解析】推斷題。題設(shè)為“一個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)師很可能因?yàn)槭裁丛�因被CFW拒絕”，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞CFW可回到文中定位至倒數(shù)第二段，該段提到丹麥的時(shí)尚界就有關(guān)模特的年齡、健康及其他特性的內(nèi)容達(dá)成一致意見，且一項(xiàng)新法案也明確規(guī)定，他們已經(jīng)意識到時(shí)尚界對于人們尤其是年輕人的身體健康所帶來的影響，并且應(yīng)該對此承擔(dān)責(zé)任，這一法規(guī)的執(zhí)行方式就是拒絕一些設(shè)計(jì)師和模特經(jīng)紀(jì)機(jī)構(gòu)參加哥本哈根時(shí)裝周(CFW)。因此[C]項(xiàng)的“不關(guān)心健康因素”符合題意，為正確答案。[D]項(xiàng)“追求完美的身體狀況”，[B]項(xiàng)的“過多關(guān)注模特的性格”，[A]項(xiàng)“設(shè)定了一個(gè)模特高齡門檻”，均不符合題意。

　　25. Which of the following may be the best title of the text?

　　[A] The Great Threats to the Fashion Industry

　　[B] Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty

　　[C] A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France

　　[D] A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals

　　【答案】 [D] A challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals

　　【解析】主旨題。本文從首段就開始闡述法國通過立法禁止雇用超瘦的模特，時(shí)裝業(yè)已經(jīng)失去了定義女性身體之美的絕對權(quán)力，且議會也禁止網(wǎng)站通過宣傳過度節(jié)食來強(qiáng)調(diào)過度消瘦。第二段繼續(xù)說明美麗不能只看外表，更不能以犧牲健康為代價(jià)，時(shí)裝業(yè)應(yīng)該為傳遞給女性的不良信息負(fù)責(zé)。第三段說明女性不該讓他人來評判自己的美麗。第四段講法國的措施更多的是依靠嚴(yán)厲的懲罰。最后三段提到了丹麥與法國截然不同的措施�？v觀全文，文章主要在講各個(gè)國家對解決目前模特超瘦的現(xiàn)狀的措施，因此[D]項(xiàng)的“對時(shí)裝業(yè)身體典范的挑戰(zhàn)”是對原文的“高度概括”。

　　Text 2

　　Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.

　　California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling particularly one that upsets the old assumption that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.

　　The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California’s advice. Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justices can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.

　　They should start by discarding California’s lame argument that exploring the contents of a smart phone — a vast storehouse of digital information — is similar to, say, rifling through a suspect’s purse. The court has ruled that police don’t violate the Fourth Amendment when they sift through the wallet or pocketbook of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring one’s smart phone is more like entering his or her home. A smart phone may contain an arrestee’s reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of “cloud computing,” meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.

　　Americans should take steps to protect their digital privacy. But keeping sensitive information on these devices is increasingly a requirement of normal life. Citizens still have a right to expect private documents to remain private and protected by the Constitution’s prohibition on unreasonable searches.

　　As so often is the case, stating that principle doesn’t ease the challenge of line-drawing. In many cases, it would not be overly onerous for authorities to obtain a warrant to search through phone contents. They could still invalidate Fourth Amendment protections when facing severe, urgent circumstances, and they could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered while a warrant is pending. The court, though, may want to allow room for police to cite situations where they are entitled to more freedom.

　　But the justices should not swallow California’s argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution’s protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a virtual necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.

　　26. The Supreme Court will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to

　　[A] prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents.

　　[B] search for suspects’ mobile phones without a warrant.

　　[C] check suspects’ phone contents without being authorized.

　　[D]prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.

　　【答案】[C] check suspects’ phone contents without being authorized

　　【解析】這是一道事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞The Supreme Court回文定位到第一段的第二句話，“The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search for the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest”,一一比對選項(xiàng)，原文中的“police can search for the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant”與選項(xiàng)C “check suspects’ phone contents without being authorized”是同義替換，其他選項(xiàng)均是無關(guān)選項(xiàng)。

　　27. The author’s attitude toward California’s argument is one of

　　[A] disapproval.

　　[B] indifference.

　　[C] tolerance.

　　[D]cautiousness.

　　【答案】[A] disapproval

　　【解析】本題是觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題，考察作者的態(tài)度。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“California’s argument”，可以定位到文章第四段第一句“They should start by discarding California’s lame argument…”。由第四段第一句話中的“discard(拋棄)”和“lame(沒有說服力的)”可以看出作者對于California’s argument 是不支持的態(tài)度，因此選A。

　　28. The author believes that exploring one’s phone contents is comparable to

　　[A] getting into one’s residence.

　　[B] handling one’s historical records.

　　[C] scanning one’s correspondences.

　　[D] going through one’s wallet.

　　【答案】[A] getting into one’s residence

　　【解析】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞the author believes和“exploring one’s phone contents is comparable to”可回文定位到文章第四段第三句“But exploring one’s smartphone is more like entering his or her home”，選項(xiàng)A語義與之一致，其中，getting into與entering對應(yīng)，one’s residence與his or her home對應(yīng)，故A選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

　　29. The author believes that exploring one’s phone contents is comparable to

　　[A] principles are hard to be clearly expressed.

　　[B] the court is giving police less room for action.

　　[C] citizens’ privacy is not effectively protected.

　　[D] phones are used to store sensitive information.

　　【答案】[C] citizens’ privacy is not effectively protected

　　【解析】根據(jù)題干信息In paragraphs 5and 6定位第5段第一句話“Americans should take steps to protect their digital privacy.及第6段最后一句話，...and they could take reasonable measures to.....，可推知作者的顧慮，因此答案為C.

　　30. Orin Kerr’s comparison is quoted to indicate that

　　[A] the Constitution should be implemented flexibly.

　　[B] new technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution.

　　[C]California’s argument violates principles of the Constitution.

　　[D]principles of the Constitution should never be altered

　　【答案】[A] the Constitution should be implemented flexibly

　　【解析】這是一道例證題，根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Orin Kerr可以回文定位到文章最后一段。作者引用Orin Kerr這個(gè)人的比較是為了說明相關(guān)的論點(diǎn)。分析最后一段結(jié)構(gòu)可知，最后一段的第三句和第四句都是在闡述該例子本身，所以相關(guān)論點(diǎn)應(yīng)該往前面找，即是第二句話，“New，disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution’s protection”,選項(xiàng)A與之同義替換，其中，be implemented和applications對應(yīng)，novel和flexibly對應(yīng)。

　　Text 3

　　“There is one and only one social responsibility of businesses,” wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel prize-winning economist, “That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.” But even if you accept Firedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders’ money, things may not be absolutely clear-cut. New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies-at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.

　　The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $ 15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to their businesses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal” that a company’s products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes it helps. And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect,” whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.

　　Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under America’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company’s products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect.

　　The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms’ political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.

　　In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR. “We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour or increasing corpora giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for briding foreign officials,” says one researcher.

　　Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect rather than the other possible benefits, when they decide their do-gooding policies. But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.

　　31. The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with

　　[A] tolerance

　　[B] skepticism

　　[C] uncertainty

　　[D] approval

　　【答案】[B]

　　【解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。題干問的是作者對有關(guān)CSR方面Milton Friedman的說法是什么態(tài)度。根據(jù)信號詞Milton Friedman這個(gè)人定位到首段。注意題干問的是作者的看法，因此定位到第二句but轉(zhuǎn)折處。But后句子的主干為：things may not be absolutely clear-cut，可見作者對Milton Friedman所說的內(nèi)容并不完全贊同，故選擇答案[B]項(xiàng)懷疑。[A]項(xiàng)容忍，[C]項(xiàng)不確定，[D]項(xiàng)贊同，這三項(xiàng)均不是作者的態(tài)度，故排除。

　　32. According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by

　　[A] winning trust from consumers.

　　[B] guarding it against malpractices.

　　[C] protecting it from being defamed.

　　[D] raising the quality of its products.

　　【答案】[A]

　　【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的出處提示“Paragraph 2”定位到第二段第二句：This could add value to their businesses in three ways. This指的是CSR，根據(jù)接下來講到的三點(diǎn)：第一點(diǎn)是，消費(fèi)者認(rèn)為這樣的公司產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量比較高;第二點(diǎn)是，顧客更愿意購買這樣公司的產(chǎn)品;第三點(diǎn)是，通過一個(gè)更為廣泛的“暈輪效應(yīng)”，消費(fèi)者會更多地考慮這樣的公司的產(chǎn)品�？芍�，有CSR支出的公司會吸引更多的消費(fèi)者，[A]項(xiàng)“贏得消費(fèi)者的信任”，是對整個(gè)三點(diǎn)的總結(jié)，故為正確答案。[B]項(xiàng) 防止公司里的玩忽職守，[C]項(xiàng) 保護(hù)公司免受毀謗，[D]項(xiàng) 提升公司產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量，均在原文中未提及，故排除。

　　33. The expression “more lenient’ (Line 2, Para. 4) is closest in meaning to

　　[A] more effective

　　[B] less controversial

　　[C] less severe

　　[D] more lasting

　　【答案】[C]

　　【解析】猜詞題。根據(jù)題干中的出處提示“line 2, para. 4”及信號詞“more lenient”定位到原文中的第四段第一句：The study found that...penalties。明顯此句中more lenient 修飾 penalties(懲罰) ，要想推測出more lenient的含義，需要知道被起訴的公司中，那些有著全面的CSR項(xiàng)目的公司和penalties 之間的聯(lián)系。本項(xiàng)在第五段的最后一句最容易被看出來，第五段最后一句提到那些在CSR有較大投資的公司，當(dāng)被起訴有賄賂行為時(shí)，所受到的罰金要比通常的罰金低40%左右，可知這樣的公司會受到較輕的懲罰，故more lenient是較輕，即較不嚴(yán)重的意思，故選[C]項(xiàng)。[A]項(xiàng) 更有效的，[B]項(xiàng) 較少有爭議的，[D]項(xiàng) 更持久的，這三項(xiàng)均不是more lenient的意思，故排除。

　　34. When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company’s CSR record

　　[A] has an impact on their decision.

　　[B] comes across as reliable evidence.

　　[C] increases the chance of being penalized.

　　[D] constitutes part of the investigation.

　　【答案】[A]

　　【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。題干問的是 CSR record 與 prosecutors evaluate a case 的關(guān)系，根據(jù)題干中的信號詞prosecutors evaluate a case可回文中定位到第五段第一句：In all...in CSR。這里的be influenced與[A]項(xiàng) has an impact 對應(yīng)，即一個(gè)公司的CSR會影響檢察官對其案件的評估，故選[A]項(xiàng)。[B]項(xiàng)被檢察官認(rèn)為是可靠的證據(jù)，[C]項(xiàng) 增加了被懲罰的機(jī)會，[D]項(xiàng) 構(gòu)成了調(diào)查的一部分，這三項(xiàng)均在原文中沒有提及，故排除。

　　35. Which of the following is true of CSR, according to the last paragraph?

　　[A] Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked.

　　[B] The necessary amount of companies’ spending on it is unknown.

　　[C] Companies’ financial capacity for it has been overestimated.

　　[D] It has brought much benefit to the banking industry.

　　【答案】[B]

　　【解析】判斷題題干問的是根據(jù)最后一段，有關(guān)CSR的論述哪個(gè)是對的。定位到原文最后一段，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容可知“研究人員承認(rèn)到其研究沒有回答如下問題：公司應(yīng)該在CSR方面花費(fèi)多少錢”。[B]項(xiàng)的意思是“公司在CSR方面的花費(fèi)是未知的”，屬于原文的同義替換，故正確。[A]項(xiàng) CSR對公司的負(fù)面影響經(jīng)常被忽視，[C]項(xiàng) 公司對CSR的經(jīng)濟(jì)承擔(dān)力被過高估計(jì)了，[D]項(xiàng) CSR給銀行業(yè)帶來了很多好處，這三項(xiàng)在文中均為提及，故排除。

　　Text 4

　　Two years ago, Rupert Murdoch’s daughter ,Elisabeth ,spoke of the “unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions” Integrity had collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the only “sorting mechanism ”in society should be profit and the market .But “it’s us ,human beings ,we the people who create the society we want ,not profit ”.

　　Driving her point home, she continued: “It’s increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose, of a moral language within government, media or business could become one of the most dangerous foals for capitalism and freedom.” This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International ,shield thought ,making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking .

　　As the hacking trial concludes – finding guilty ones-editor of the News of the World, Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones ,and finding his predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge –the winder issue of dearth of integrity still standstill, Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to 5,500 people .This is hacking on an industrial scale ,as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire, the man hired by the News of the World in 2001 to be the point person for phone hacking. Others await trial. This long story still unfolds.

　　In many respects, the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place .One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, wow little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired wow the stories arrived. The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing.

　　In today’s world, title has become normal that well—paid executives should not be accountable for what happens in the organizations that they run perhaps we should not be so surprised. For a generation, the collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit. The words that have mattered are efficiency, flexibility, shareholder value, business–friendly, wealth generation, sales, impact and, in newspapers, circulation. Words degraded to the margin have been justice fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability.

　　The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity. It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact. Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories, but she asked no questions, gave no instructions—nor received traceable, recorded answers.

　　36. According to the first two paragraphs, Elisabeth was upset by

　　[A] the consequences of the current sorting mechanism

　　[B] companies’ financial loss due to immoral practices.

　　[C] governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues.

　　[D]the wide misuse of integrity among institutions.

　　【答案】[A] the consequences of the current sorting mechanism

　　【解析】通過題干可以將此題鎖定在前兩段。第一段指出Elisabeth談到了“我們很多機(jī)構(gòu)都面臨著令人沮喪的正直感的喪失”。接下來第二句指出這種正直感的喪失是因?yàn)榇蠹移毡檎J(rèn)為社會中唯一的分類機(jī)制(sorting mechanism)應(yīng)該是利益和市場。而從第一段最后一句我們看出，她認(rèn)為“應(yīng)該是我們?nèi)祟愖约簞?chuàng)造我們想要的社會，而不應(yīng)該是利益”�？梢�，Elisabeth很不認(rèn)可目前的這種分類機(jī)制(sorting mechanism)以及所造成的不良后果，這也正是她感到沮喪的原因。故A選項(xiàng)consequence of the current sorting mechanism(目前這種分類機(jī)制的后果)是真正讓她沮喪的原因。

　　37. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that

　　[A] Glem Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime

　　[B] more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking.

　　[C] Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge.

　　[D] phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions.

　　【答案】[B] more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking

　　【解析】第三段第一句指出，Andy Coulson因?yàn)閰⑴c手機(jī)黑客案件被裁定有罪，然而他的前任卻被認(rèn)定是無罪的。通過這一事件，作者得出由此造成的道德淪喪廣泛問題依然存在(the wider issue of dearth of integrity still stands)。即仍然存在一些人沒有被裁定有罪。接著文章指出了在新聞業(yè)中，已經(jīng)有記者被認(rèn)定非法侵入用戶手機(jī)。而還有一些在等待審判(others await trial)，由此可以推出，將會有更多的記者因?yàn)樯婕笆謾C(jī)黑客案件而被裁定有罪。故正確答案為選項(xiàng)B。

　　38. The author believes the Rebekah Books’s deference

　　[A] revealed a cunning personality

　　[B] centered on trivial issues

　　[C] was hardly convincing

　　[D] was part of a conspiracy

　　【答案】[C] was hardly convincing

　　【解析】根據(jù)題干中的“defence”可以回文定位到文章第四段最后一句話。該句指出Ms. Brooks辯護(hù)成功的關(guān)鍵在于她對這個(gè)事件一無所知(she knew nothing)。而作者在該段第一句話中指出，道德喪失不僅體現(xiàn)在普遍存在的手機(jī)黑客這一事實(shí)上，更體現(xiàn)在一些審判案件所使用的條款上，其中最震驚的就是對Ms. Brooks的審判�？梢�，作者對該案的審判持否定態(tài)度。因此，認(rèn)為她的辯護(hù)是不可信的。故正確答案為C。

　　39. The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows

　　[A] generally distorted values

　　[B] unfair wealth distribution

　　[C] a marginalized lifestyle

　　[D] a rigid moral cote

　　【答案】[A] (generally distorted values)

　　【解析】通過題干中的“collective doctrine”可以直接定位到文中第五段第三行。該句指出“collective doctrine”是社會的分類機(jī)制應(yīng)該是利益。接下來可以看出，那些真正起作用的是那些表示利益的詞“efficiency，flexibility，shareholder value，business-friendly，wealth generation…”，而表示公平、正義的詞(Justice，fairness，tolerance…)則被置于邊緣�？梢�，這種教義(collective doctrine)只關(guān)注利益，而忽略了公平與正義，這顯然是一種扭曲的價(jià)值觀。故A選項(xiàng)正確。

　　40. Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph?

　　[A] The quality of writing is of primary importance.

　　[B] Common humanity is central news reporting.

　　[C] Moral awareness matters in exciting a newspaper.

　　[D] Journalists need stricter industrial regulations.

　　【答案】[C] moral awareness matters in editing a newspaper

　　【解析】這是一道開放式推理題。作者在最后一段前兩句話指出，新聞報(bào)道的目的不是為了促進(jìn)讀者的理解，也不是為了追求公平或者違背人類共有的人性，而是通過追求發(fā)行量的影響率來破壞人們的生活。即文章從一開始指出的一個(gè)問題，為了追求利益而造成了正值感的喪失。從“ruin”一詞可以看出，作者對新聞記者的這一行為持否定的態(tài)度。并且通過Ms. Brooks女士的行為加以佐證。作者通過正話反說的方式，突出新聞報(bào)道過程中正值感的重要性。故正確答案為C，moral awareness matters in editing a newspaper(在新聞報(bào)道中，道德意識很重要)，其中moral awareness和integrity是同義互換。

　　Part B

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41-45). There are two extra subheadings. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.

　　[A] Create a new image of yourself

　　[B] Decide if the time is right

　　[C] Have confidence in yourself

　　[D] Understand the context

　　[E] Work with professionals

　　[F] Know your goals

　　[G] Make it efficient

　　No matter how formal or informal the work environment, the way you present yourself has an impact. This is especially true in fast impressions. According to research from Princeton University, people assess your competence, trustworthiness, and likeability in just a tenth of a second, solely based on the way you look.

　　The difference between today’s workplace and the “dress for success” era is that the range of options is so much broader. Norms have evolved and fragmented. In some settings, red sneakers or dress T-shirts can convey status; in others not so much. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like LinkedIn. Chances are, your headshots are seen much more often now than a decade or two ago. Millennials, it seems , face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It can be confusing.

　　So how do we navigate this? How do we know when to invest in an upgrade? And what’s the best way to pull off one that enhances our goals? Here are some tips:

　　41_________________

　　As an executive coach, I’ve seen image upgrades be particularly helpful during transitions-when looking for a new job, stepping into a new or more public role, or changing work environments. If you’re in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If you’re not sure, ask for honest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues and professionals. Look for cues about how others perceive you. Maybe there’s no need for an upgrade and that’s OK.

　　【答案】[B]

　　【解析】此段第一句話主句里面說“在過渡的階段提升自我形象尤其有用”。第二句和第三、四句分別展開說明，第二句表明：如果你處在變動的時(shí)期或者感覺需要變動，那么可能這可能是一個(gè)好的時(shí)機(jī)。相反，第三、四句話表示：如果不確定的話，就需要得到別人的反饋了，也許無需提升。故整段的意思是說要先確定是否現(xiàn)在是提升自我形象的正確時(shí)機(jī)。故答案為[B]項(xiàng)。

　　42.__________________

　　Get clear on what impact you’re hoping to have. Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it? For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modern and stylish. For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more “SoHo.”(It’s OK to use characterizations like that.)

　　【答案】[F]

　　【解析】此段中心句即第一句話，表明“要清楚你想要的結(jié)果或影響”。其實(shí)就是你想要的目標(biāo)。緊接著開始解釋，提到比如，你是否想要更新你的形象?那么，對于一個(gè)人來講，這個(gè)目標(biāo)可能是要變得嚴(yán)肅些或者要加強(qiáng)專業(yè)的形象。對于其他人，這個(gè)目標(biāo)可能是要變得更平易近人，或者是更現(xiàn)代化、更時(shí)尚。對于那些要從金融轉(zhuǎn)到廣告的，他們可能得看起來更“SOHO”。可見整段都在講目標(biāo)，[F]項(xiàng)中的“goal”與之對應(yīng)，故為答案。

　　43.____________________

　　Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment? What conveys status? Who are your most important audiences? How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves? The better you understand te cultural context, the more control you can have over your impact.

　　【答案】[D]

　　【解析】本段主要闡述的內(nèi)容是要觀察你的工作環(huán)境，認(rèn)清環(huán)境中的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，并且最后一句說你對周圍的文化環(huán)境理解得越清晰，你越能控制你的影響�？芍�本段主要就是說要理解周圍的環(huán)境，故選[D]項(xiàng)。

　　44._____________________

　　Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personal stylist, or use the free styling service of a store like. Crew. Try a hair stylist instead of a barber. Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend. It’s not as expensive as you might think.

　　【答案】[E]

　　【解析】本段第一句提到：要獲得專家的支持，和他們分享你的目標(biāo)和周圍環(huán)境，后面又提到可以雇傭造型師、攝影師等等，可見本段主要講的就是征詢專家的意見、和專家合作，故選[E]項(xiàng)。

　　45_____________________

　　The point of a style upgrade isn’t to become more vain or to spend more time excessing over what to wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue. Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options. Buy all your clothes …. once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, one article of clothing at a time.

　　【答案】[G]

　　【解析】此段第二句句首出現(xiàn)instead，這種轉(zhuǎn)折連詞后面往往是作者要表述的重要內(nèi)容。該句講的是“最好是將形象升級當(dāng)作是減少決定疲勞的機(jī)會”，即減少做決定，緊接著提到“選取一套標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的工作服或幾個(gè)其他的選擇。和造型師一起把衣服一下子都買了，而不是一個(gè)人購買，或者一次只買一件”。這些提到的都是要有效率。故選[G]項(xiàng)。

　　Part C

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese .You translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEKT. (10 points)

　　Mental health is our birthright. (46) We don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy ;it it built into us that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone. Mental health can’t be learned, only reawakened. It is like the immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. When we don't understand the value of mental health and we don't know how to gain access to it, mental health will remain hidden from us. (47) Our mental health doesn’t really go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.

　　Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem - confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our lives - the ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things will work out. It’s a form of innate or unlearned optimism. (48) Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles ,with kindness if they are in pain,and with unconditional love no matter who they are. Mental health is the source of creativity for soving problems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful,managing our home life, or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patience for ourselves and toward others as well as patience while driving,catching a fish,working on our car,or raising a child. It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature,in culture,in the flow of our daily lives.

　　(49) Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives,it is perfectly ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions.It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong,good from bad,friend from foe.Mental health has commonly been called conscience,instinct,wisdom,common sense,or the inner voice.We think of it simply as a healthy and helpful flow of intelligent thought .(50) As you will come to see ,knowing that mental heath is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.

　　46. We don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy; it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone.

　　【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】此句中分號連接了兩個(gè)并列句。第一個(gè)句子中how to be mentally healthy作learn的賓語。第二個(gè)句子主干是it is built into us，in the same way引導(dǎo)狀語從句說明built into us的方式，that引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾way，其中定語從句中how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone作know的賓語。

　　【參考譯文】我們無需刻意去學(xué)習(xí)怎樣才能讓心理健康;它正如我們的身體知道怎樣愈合傷口和修復(fù)骨折一樣，是根植于我們體內(nèi)的/是我們與生俱來的能力。

　　47. Our mental health doesn’t really go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.

　　【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】此句中分號連接了兩個(gè)并列句。第一個(gè)句子是簡單句，第二個(gè)句子中，like the sun behind a cloud是狀語，but連接兩個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列分句，在翻譯時(shí)要注意be hidden from和be capable of的被動語態(tài)的翻譯方法。

　　【參考譯文】我們的心理健康并不是真的消失不見;就像云朵背后的太陽，它也許暫時(shí)被遮擋，但是它也可以在瞬間重?zé)ü饷ⅰ?/p>

　　48. Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and with unconditional love no matter who they are.

　　【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】該句主干是Mental health allows us to view others，三個(gè)并列with引導(dǎo)的介詞短語做狀語，前兩個(gè)with引導(dǎo)的狀語中各包含一個(gè)if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，最后一個(gè)with狀語中包含一個(gè)no matter引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。

　　【參考譯文】心理健康使我們在他人遇到麻煩時(shí)給予同情，在他人痛苦時(shí)心存善意，而且無論對方是誰都會給予無條件的關(guān)愛。

　　49. Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfectly ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions.

　　【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】本題有一個(gè)由although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句，以及that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句構(gòu)成。此處“mental health”若是翻譯成心理健康與下文連接，則不符合中文表達(dá)習(xí)慣，又因mental本身與智力相關(guān)，所以將其翻譯成“健康的心智”;此外“perfectly ordinary”可以正譯，譯為“非常普遍”，本譯文采取正話反說的方式，譯為“并不稀奇”。“difficult decisions”若翻譯為“困難的決定”，不符合中文的表達(dá)方式，所以將decision，名詞譯為動詞“做決定”。

　　【參考譯文】盡管擁有健康的心智是我們生活中的萬能藥，但它并不稀奇，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)在你難以做決定時(shí)，它一直在指引著你。

　　50. As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.

　　【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】該句由as引導(dǎo)的定語從句，that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句組成，并且考察代詞“it”。“see”在該句中是“了解”而不是“看到”的意思，前后的knowing可合并翻譯;“available”本意“可得到的”，該句中意譯為“一直存在的”。

　　【參考譯文】你會慢慢理解到，明白健康的心智會一直存在，并且堅(jiān)信這一點(diǎn)，那么此刻我們就可以放慢生活節(jié)奏，快樂地生活。

【考研英語一閱讀理解練習(xí)試題及答案解析】相關(guān)文章：

考研英語二閱讀理解練習(xí)題及答案解析06-19

高考英語閱讀理解練習(xí)及答案解析08-28

中考英語閱讀理解練習(xí)及答案解析08-31

2017年考研英語閱讀理解練習(xí)試題06-19

考研英語二閱讀理解模擬練習(xí)試題06-19

考研英語閱讀理解真題答案解析08-27

2017高考英語閱讀理解練習(xí)及答案解析08-28

高考英語閱讀理解練習(xí)附答案解析04-18

考研英語閱讀理解解析08-27