翻譯資格考試高級筆譯閱讀理解模擬題
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Natural flavorings and fragrances are often costly and limited in supply. For example, the vital ingredient in a rose fragrance is extracted from natural rose oil at a cost of thousands of dollars a pound; an identical synthetic substance can be made for 1% of this cost. Since the early twentieth century, success in reproducing these substances has created a new industry that today produces hundreds of artificial flavors and fragrances.
Some natural fragrances are easily synthesized; these include vanillin, the aromatic ingredient in vanilla, and benzaldehyde, the aromatic ingredient in wild cherries. Other fragrances, however, have dozens, even hundreds of components. Only recently has it been possible to separate and identit3, these ingredients by the use of gas chromatography and spectroscopy. Once the chemical identity is known, it is often possible to synthesize them. Nevertheless, some complex substances, such as the aroma of fresh coffee, have still not been duplicated satisfactorily.
Many of the chemical compounds making up these synthetics are identical to those found in nature, and are as harmless or harmful as the natural substances. New products must be tested for safety, and when used in food, must be approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
The availability of synthetic flavors and fragrances has made possible a large variety of products, from inexpensive beverages to perfumed soap to used cars with applied "new car odor."
71. From the passage we can learn that ______
A. natural flavorings and fragrances are not quite dear
B. the limitation of natural flavorings and fragrances is clear
C. the supply of natural flavorings and fragrances is adequate to meet the demand
D. the cost of producing natural flavorings and fragrances is high
72. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. Natural rose fragrance is 100 times more expensive to produce than artificial rose fragrance.
B. The most important ingredient in a rose fragrance is obtained from natural rose oil at a low cost.
C. A different synthetic substance can be made for 1% of the cost.
D. Natural rose oil costs the same as its fragrances.
73. The industry of producing hundreds of artificial flavors and fragrances probably appeared in ______
A. 2000 B. 1953
C. 1909 D. 1810
74. According to the passage, all the following are easier to synthesize EXCEPT ______
A. aromatic ingredient in vanilla
B. vanilla
C. aromatic ingredient in wild cherry
D. the flavor of fresh coffee
75. The underlined word "duplicated" in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______
A. make double
B. make a copy of
C. produce something equal to
D. take from
76. Why does the author mention fresh coffee in Paragraph 2?
A. As an example of complex substances having not been duplicated satisfactorily.
B. Because the coffee fragrance is hard to produce.
C. To conclude the passage.
D. The smell of fresh coffee is inviting.www.ppkao.CoM
77. ______ a substance can be synthesized.
A. Upon identifying the basic components of it
B. Once chemically analyzed
C. When gas chromatography is used
D. If spectroscopy is adopted78. It can be inferred from the passage that ______
A. vanillin is easier to synthesize than benzaldehyde
B. not all synthetic flavors are harmless
C. in general, the less components there are in a fragrance, the harder it is to synthesize
D. synthesized substances must be tested for safety only if they are used in food
79. Which of the following is the best title for tile passage?
A. How to Synthesize Fragrances
B. Synthetic Substances Are Easy to Make
C. Natural Flavorings and Fragrances
D. Synthetic Flavors and Fragrances
80. Which of the following is NOT true according to the last paragraph?
A. Synthetic fragrances can be used to make a used car smell like a new one.
B. Synthetic flavors and fragrances have added to the varieties of products.
C. Lemon soap is made out of some delicious lemon.
D. It is likely that a bottle of orange juice is synthesized.
71.D[分析] 細節(jié)題型。
見第一段第一句：Natural flavorings and fragrances are often costly and limited in supply.因此選項D為答案。
72.A[分析] 是非題型。
見第一段第二句的后半部分：For example，the vital ingredient in a rose fragrance is extracted from natural rose oil at a cost of thousands of dollars a pound;an identical synthetic substance can be made for 1% of this cost.意即：玫瑰香(料)所需的成分是從天然玫瑰油中萃取的，這種萃取物一磅價值要數(shù)千美元;而人工合成的玫瑰香料價值只是天然的百分之一。因此選項 A為答案。
73.C[分析] 細節(jié)題型。
見第一段第三句：Since the early twentieth century, success in reproducing these substances has created a new industry that…符合“二十世紀早期”條件的選項只有C，所以是答案。
74.D[分析] 細節(jié)題型。
本題可用排除法。見第二段第一句：Some natural fragrances are easily synthesized; these include vanillin，the aromatic ingredient in vanilla，and benzaldehyde，the aromatic ingredient in wild cherries.選項A、B、C的內(nèi)容均被提及，因此除外的選項只有D，所以D為答案。(本題答案也可用下一題的推斷法推出)
75.C[分析] 推斷題型。
從第二段前幾句得知：Some natural fragrances are easily synthesized.(有些天然香料可以很容易地進行人工合成。)Other fragrances，however，have dozens， even hundreds of components.(而有些卻包含有幾十甚至上百種成分——言外之意，較難合成。)Only recently has it been possible to separate and identify these ingredients by the use of gas chromatography and spectroscopy.(只是到了最近，由于使用氣相色譜分析和分光鏡才能分離或鑒別出這些成分。)Once the chemical identity is known，it is often possible to synthesize them.(一旦了解了它們的化學成分，人們就有可能將之合成。)Nevertheless, some complex substances, (然而仍有一些復雜的成分，如新鮮咖啡的香味難以合成得令人滿意。);由此可推斷出很難合成與新鮮咖啡香味相同的香料。選項C內(nèi)容與此意最接近，所以是答案。
76.A[分析] 推斷題型。
見上題推理：作者之所以提及新鮮咖啡，是借此例來說明一些成分復雜的物質(zhì)很難令人滿意地合成出來。所以選項A為答案。
77.B[分析] 細節(jié)題型。
見第二段倒數(shù)第二句(見75題答案)，所以選項B為答案。
78.B[分析] 推斷題型。
見第三段第一句：Many of the chemical compounds…and are as harmless or harmful as the natural substances.由此推斷出：有些化學合成物(其中也包括香料)與其自然界存在的物質(zhì)一樣是無害的，有些則是有害的。因此選項B為答案。
79.D[分析] 主旨題型。
閱讀全文可知本文是圍繞天然調(diào)味品和香料供應有限且價格不菲(見第一段第一句)，后有了人工合成品替代(盡管有些合成容易，有些困難)，使大量生產(chǎn)成為可能：其中主要部分談的是人工合成品(調(diào)味品和香料)：因此選項D為答案。
80.C[分析] 細節(jié)題型。
可用排除法：選項A、D的內(nèi)容見第四段后半句，選項B的內(nèi)容見第四段前半句：只有選項C的內(nèi)容未被提及(因為lemon檸檬屬于natural substance，不是人工合成物)，所以是答案。
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