退避三舍漢語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)講解中英版

時(shí)間：2024-09-18 15:50:34 對(duì)外漢語(yǔ) 我要投稿

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退避三舍漢語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)講解（中英版）

　　導(dǎo)語(yǔ)：退避三舍是一個(gè)漢語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)，是指主動(dòng)退讓九十里，比喻退讓和回避，避免沖突。下面YJBYS小編講解漢語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)退避三舍，歡迎參考!

　　retreat to avoid a conflict

　　During the Spring and Autumn Period (chūn qiū 春秋時(shí)期,770-476 BC), Duke Xian of the State of Jin Killed the crown prince Sheng because he had heard slanders about Sheng and believed them. He also sent his men to arrest Chong Er, Shen Sheng and believed them. He also sent his men to arrest Chonh Er, Shen Sheng's brother.

　　Hearing the news, Chong Er escaped from the state of Jin, remaining a fugitive for more than ten years.After innumerable hardships, Chong Er arrived at the State of Chu at last. King Cheng of the State of Chu treated him with high respect as he would have treated the ruler of a state, believing that he would have a vright fuure.One day, King Cheng of the State of Chu gave a banquet in honoudr of Chong Er.

　　Suddenly, amid the harmonious atmosphere of drinking and talking, King Cheng of the State of Chu asked Chong Er. "How will you repay me when you return to the State of Jin and become its ruler one day?" After thinking for a moment, Chong Er said, "You have plenty of beauties and attendants as well as jewely and silk cloth, and the state of Chu abounds in rare brides and animals. What treasure can the State of Jin boast having to present to your majesty?" King Cheng of the State of Chu said, "You are too modest. Nevertheless, you still have to show your gratitude to me in one way or another, I presume?" Smiling, Chong Er answered, "If I should be fortunate enouge to return to the State of Jin and become its ruler, the State of Jin would be friendly to the State of Chu. If, one day, there should be a war between the two states, I would definitely order my troops to retreat three SHE (one SHE is equivalent to thirty LI. The LI is a Chinese unit of length equivalent to 1/2 kilometre. And, therefore, three SHE is about thirty miles.) as a condition for peace. If, under that condition, you were still not reconciled, I would have to fight with you."

　　Four years later, as might be expected, Chong Er returned to the State of Jin and became its ruler. He was none other than Duke Wen of the State of Jin famous in ancient Chinese history. Ruled by him, the State of Jin became increasingly powerful.In the year 533 B.C., the Chu troops and the Jin troops confronted each other in a battle. Faithful to his promise, Duke Wen of the State of Jin ordered his troops to retreat about thirty miles. After retreating, the Jin troops were stationed at Chengpu. Seeing that the Jin troops were retreating, the Chu troops thought that the enemy troops were afraid, and began chasing them. Taking advantage of the Chu troops' arrogance and their talking the Jin troops lightly, the Jin troops concentrated their forces and inflicted a crushing defeat on the Chu troops, thus winning the victory of the battle of Chengpu.This set phrase, "retreating about thirty miles as a condition for peace," is derived from the Chapter "The Twenty-second Year of Duke Xi" in ZuoZhuan, the famous commentary by Zuo Qiuming on The spring and Autumn Annals. The idea of this set phrase is to give way to somebody in order to avoid a conflict.

　　Translation 譯文

　　退避三舍 (tuì bì sān shè)

　　春秋時(shí)候，晉獻(xiàn)公聽(tīng)信讒言，殺了太子申生，又派人捉拿申生的弟弟重耳。重耳聞?dòng)�，逃出了晉國(guó)，在外流忘十幾年。

　　經(jīng)過(guò)千幸萬(wàn)苦,重耳來(lái)到楚國(guó)。楚成王認(rèn)為重耳日后必有大作為，就以國(guó)群之禮相迎，待他如上賓。一天，楚王設(shè)宴招待重耳，兩人飲灑敘話，氣氛十分融洽。忽然楚王問(wèn)重耳：“你若有一天回晉國(guó)當(dāng)上國(guó)君，該怎么報(bào)答我呢?”重耳略一思索說(shuō)：“美女待從、珍寶絲綢，大王您有的是，珍禽羽毛，象牙獸皮，更是楚地的'盛產(chǎn)，晉國(guó)哪有什么珍奇物品獻(xiàn)給大王呢?”楚王說(shuō)：“公子過(guò)謙了。話雖然這么說(shuō)，可總該對(duì)我有所表示吧?”重耳笑笑回答道：“要是托您的福。果真能回國(guó)當(dāng)政的話，我愿與貴國(guó)友好。假如有一天，晉楚國(guó)之間發(fā)生戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，我一定命令軍隊(duì)先退避三舍(一舍等于三十里)，如果還不能得到您的原諒，我再與您交戰(zhàn)。”

　　四年后，重耳真的回到晉國(guó)當(dāng)了國(guó)君，就是歷史上有名的晉文公。晉國(guó)在他的治理下日益強(qiáng)大。公元前633年，楚國(guó)和晉國(guó)的軍隊(duì)在作戰(zhàn)時(shí)相遇。晉文公為了實(shí)現(xiàn)他許下的諾言，下令軍隊(duì)后退九十里，駐扎在城濮。楚軍見(jiàn)晉軍后退，以為對(duì)方害怕了，馬上追擊。晉軍利用楚軍驕傲輕敵的弱點(diǎn)，集中兵力，大破楚軍，取得了城濮之戰(zhàn)的勝利。

　　Explanation 解釋

　　Metaphor concessions and avoidance, to avoid conflict.

　　比喻退讓和回避，避免沖突。

　　Example sentences 例句

　　We should not try to solve it when we are in trouble.

　　我們?cè)谟龅嚼щy時(shí)不要退避三舍，而要設(shè)法解決它。

　　Synonyms 近義詞

　　Reformed

　　委曲求全

　　antonym 反義詞

　　Tit for tat

　　針?shù)h相對(duì)、鋒芒畢露