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五篇大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)語(yǔ)法指導(dǎo)
篇一：大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)語(yǔ)法指導(dǎo)
倒裝的六條原則：
1. so放在句首時(shí)表示承前肯定，這個(gè)句子用部分倒裝;
nor， neither放在句首時(shí)表示承前否定，句子也用部分倒裝;
2. 省略了引導(dǎo)詞if 的虛擬條件從句，可以把從句中的had， should， could， were中的任何一個(gè)提到從句最前面的位置，構(gòu)成部分倒裝;
3. as， though表示“盡管”時(shí)引導(dǎo)從句，從句中的表語(yǔ)可以置于引導(dǎo)詞之前構(gòu)成部分倒裝;
系動(dòng)詞后面的部分就是表語(yǔ)，形容詞、名詞、名詞性短語(yǔ)可以置于系動(dòng)詞之后。
例如：She is beautiful. They are students.
四級(jí)考試中出現(xiàn)的是由動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞轉(zhuǎn)變的形容詞作表語(yǔ)的形式。
例、 _B_ as it was at such a time， his work attracted much attention.
A Being published B Published C Publishing D To be published
當(dāng)題干是as引導(dǎo)一個(gè)從句，且as前為一個(gè)空格時(shí)他表示的就是盡管，空格處要填的就是表語(yǔ)。
being published 正在被出版; to be published 將要被出版。
此句恢復(fù)正常語(yǔ)序應(yīng)為： As it was published at such a time …
4. 表示否定含義的單詞或短語(yǔ)放在句首，句子用部分倒裝;
常見(jiàn)的一些表示否定含義的單詞：never， little， few， hardly (… when)， scarcely (… when) ;
seldom 難得，不常;nowhere 哪里都不。
常見(jiàn)的一些表示否定含義的短語(yǔ)：in no way 決不; on no account 決不;
under no circumstances 在任何情況下都不。
5. only + 狀語(yǔ)放在句首，句子用部分倒裝;(如果only去掉就是全部倒裝)
例、Only under special circumstances _C_ to take make-up tests.
A permitted are freshmen B freshmen are permitted
C are freshmen permitted D are permitted freshmen
freshmen 新生; make up for 彌補(bǔ)，補(bǔ)償; make-up tests 補(bǔ)考(緩考)。
6. 注意兩個(gè)表達(dá)形式：come what may 無(wú)論發(fā)生什么情況; say what you will 暢所欲言。
篇二：大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)語(yǔ)法指導(dǎo)
1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.
A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;
感官動(dòng)詞watch， see， hear; 感官動(dòng)詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do
be erected 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作的結(jié)果; being erected 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作的過(guò)程。
2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);
give away 泄露，走漏風(fēng)聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過(guò)程;贈(zèng)送禮品。
3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
keep me informed 使我被告知。
4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A after which B for which C with which D at which
fight with sb. (注意要看整個(gè)句子); fight with + 工具 用該工具來(lái)打仗。 fight for 為…而戰(zhàn)。
I fight with him. 我和他打起來(lái)了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他并肩對(duì)付她。
5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward
in spite of 盡管; carry on 堅(jiān)持，繼續(xù)。
6. I should like to rent a house， modern， comfortable and _B_ in a quiet neighborhood.
A all in all B above all C after all D over all
all in all 總而言之;above all 首先，尤其是;after all 畢竟，終究;overall 全面的，總體的
in a word 總之，in short 簡(jiǎn)而言之，in conclusion 最后，總之，to sum up總之，總而言之。
7. _B_ we have finished the course， we shall start doing more revision work.
A For now B Now that C Ever since D By now
now that 既然，由于(相當(dāng)于since); ever since 自從…以來(lái)。
與that搭配且后面可以加句子的幾個(gè)表達(dá)形式：
now that 既然，由于; in that 因?yàn)? except that 除…之外。
except后面加名詞或代詞;except that后面加句子。
8. What you have done is _D_ the doctor’s orders.
A attached to B responsible to C resistant to D contrary to
be attached to 連接，附屬; This school is attached to Beida. 這所學(xué)校附屬于北大。
responsible to 對(duì)…負(fù)有責(zé)任; resistant adj. 反抗的，抵抗的; water resistant 防水的。
be contrary to 與。。相反(相違背)。
9. John regretted _A_ to the meeting last week.
A not going B not to go C not having been going D not to be going
regret doing 后悔做過(guò)某事; regret to do sth. 遺憾的做某事(應(yīng)用語(yǔ)境非常有限)。
10. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are _B_.
A out of work B out of stock C out of reach D out of practice
out of work 失業(yè); out of reach 夠不著 within reach 夠得著; out of practice 缺乏練習(xí)。
篇三：大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)語(yǔ)法指導(dǎo)
動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：凡是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的后面可以加動(dòng)名詞，就可以加動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。
動(dòng)作發(fā)出者 + 動(dòng)名詞;當(dāng)動(dòng)作發(fā)出者名字給出時(shí)：名詞所有格 + 動(dòng)名詞;當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在文章中出現(xiàn)，且動(dòng)作發(fā)出者在前文中提過(guò)時(shí)：形容詞物主代詞(賓格)+ 動(dòng)名詞。
形容詞物主代詞：his， her， my， your， their， our。代詞賓格：him， her， me， you， us， them。
第二點(diǎn)：want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客觀需要或缺乏。
例. Your hair wants _B_. You’d better have it done tomorrow.
A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut
注意：want doing 中doing表示的是被動(dòng)含義。
例. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.
A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned
第三點(diǎn)：mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事，意欲… ;mean doing 意味著，…的意思是…
例. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待臺(tái)]
A making B to make C to have made D having made
1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.
A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;
感官動(dòng)詞watch， see， hear; 感官動(dòng)詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do
be erected 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作的結(jié)果; being erected 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作的過(guò)程。
2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);
give away 泄露，走漏風(fēng)聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過(guò)程;贈(zèng)送禮品。
3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
keep me informed 使我被告知。
4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A after which B for which C with which D at which
fight with sb. (注意要看整個(gè)句子); fight with + 工具 用該工具來(lái)打仗。 fight for 為…而戰(zhàn)。
I fight with him. 我和他打起來(lái)了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他并肩對(duì)付她。
5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward
in spite of 盡管; carry on 堅(jiān)持，繼續(xù)。
篇四：大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)語(yǔ)法指導(dǎo)
短語(yǔ)部分沒(méi)有獨(dú)立主語(yǔ)，則短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)稱(chēng)為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的結(jié)構(gòu)：分詞(分詞短語(yǔ))
句子的主語(yǔ)決定非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中的分詞是用主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)形式。如果是句子的主語(yǔ)發(fā)出動(dòng)作，則使用現(xiàn)在分詞;如果動(dòng)作不是由句子的主語(yǔ)發(fā)出，則使用過(guò)去分詞。
1.No matter how frequently _A_， the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.
A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed
perform vt. 表演，演出，演奏;
to be performed 將要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;
一些特殊的動(dòng)詞：
第一點(diǎn)：forget 忘記; [反義] remember 記得;
這兩個(gè)詞后加動(dòng)詞不定式表示將要進(jìn)行的行為;這兩個(gè)詞后加動(dòng)詞ing形式表示已經(jīng)做過(guò)的事情。
注意：動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞形式一樣，但含義不同。這兩個(gè)詞后加動(dòng)詞ing形式都是動(dòng)名詞。
forget to do sth. 忘記要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘記做過(guò)某事;
remember to do sth. 記得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 記得做過(guò)某事;
2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.
A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him
offer vt. 提出，提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.
him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正確。
動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：凡是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的后面可以加動(dòng)名詞，就可以加動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。
動(dòng)作發(fā)出者 + 動(dòng)名詞;當(dāng)動(dòng)作發(fā)出者名字給出時(shí)：名詞所有格 + 動(dòng)名詞;當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在文章中出現(xiàn)，且動(dòng)作發(fā)出者在前文中提過(guò)時(shí)：形容詞物主代詞(賓格)+ 動(dòng)名詞。
形容詞物主代詞：his， her， my， your， their， our。代詞賓格：him， her， me， you， us， them。
第二點(diǎn)：want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客觀需要或缺乏。
例. Your hair wants _B_. You’d better have it done tomorrow.
A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut
1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.
A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;
感官動(dòng)詞watch， see， hear; 感官動(dòng)詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do
be erected 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作的結(jié)果; being erected 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作的過(guò)程。
2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);
give away 泄露，走漏風(fēng)聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過(guò)程;贈(zèng)送禮品。
3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
keep me informed 使我被告知。
4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A after which B for which C with which D at which
fight with sb. (注意要看整個(gè)句子); fight with + 工具 用該工具來(lái)打仗。 fight for 為…而戰(zhàn)。
I fight with him. 我和他打起來(lái)了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他并肩對(duì)付她。
5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward
in spite of 盡管; carry on 堅(jiān)持，繼續(xù)。
注意：want doing 中doing表示的是被動(dòng)含義。
例. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.
A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned
第三點(diǎn)：mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事，意欲… ;mean doing 意味著，…的意思是…
例. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待臺(tái)]
A making B to make C to have made D having made
篇五：大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)語(yǔ)法指導(dǎo)
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與獨(dú)立主格：短語(yǔ)，句子(或者句子，短語(yǔ))
當(dāng)短語(yǔ)部分有獨(dú)立主語(yǔ)，并且該主語(yǔ)不同于句子主語(yǔ)，這時(shí)短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)稱(chēng)為獨(dú)立主格。(它最明顯的特點(diǎn)是短語(yǔ)部分有獨(dú)立的主語(yǔ))。
獨(dú)立主格的結(jié)構(gòu)1：名詞(代詞)+ 分詞 [現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞]
現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)的，正在進(jìn)行的行為;過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)的，已經(jīng)完成的行為。 作題時(shí)要通過(guò)判斷動(dòng)作與名詞(代詞)之間的關(guān)系來(lái)確定是使用現(xiàn)在分詞還是過(guò)去分詞。當(dāng)動(dòng)作由名詞(代詞)發(fā)出時(shí)使用現(xiàn)在分詞，而名詞(代詞)是受動(dòng)者時(shí)則用過(guò)去分詞。
1. Silver is the best conductor of electricity， copper _B_ it closely.
A followed B following C to follow D being followed
2. All things _A_， the planned trip will have to be called off.
A considered B be considered C considering D having considered
call off 取消; cancel vt. 取消; 四級(jí)中的考點(diǎn)就是現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別。
獨(dú)立主格的結(jié)構(gòu)2：with + 名詞(代詞)+ 分詞 [句子當(dāng)中作狀語(yǔ)]
3. After the Arab states won independence， great emphasis was laid on expanding education， with girls as well as boys _C_ to go to school.
A to be encouraged B been encouraged C being encouraged D be encouraged
as well as 和(相當(dāng)于and); be encouraged不會(huì)考。
動(dòng)詞不定式有預(yù)示將來(lái)行為的含義。to be encouraged 將要被鼓勵(lì);
been encouraged 已經(jīng)被鼓勵(lì)完了，與主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞相對(duì);being encouraged 正在被鼓勵(lì)
短語(yǔ)部分沒(méi)有獨(dú)立主語(yǔ)，則短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)稱(chēng)為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的結(jié)構(gòu)：分詞(分詞短語(yǔ))
句子的主語(yǔ)決定非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中的分詞是用主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)形式。如果是句子的主語(yǔ)發(fā)出動(dòng)作，則使用現(xiàn)在分詞;如果動(dòng)作不是由句子的主語(yǔ)發(fā)出，則使用過(guò)去分詞。
1.No matter how frequently _A_， the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.
A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed
perform vt. 表演，演出，演奏;
to be performed 將要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;
一些特殊的動(dòng)詞：
第一點(diǎn)：forget 忘記; [反義] remember 記得;
這兩個(gè)詞后加動(dòng)詞不定式表示將要進(jìn)行的行為;這兩個(gè)詞后加動(dòng)詞ing形式表示已經(jīng)做過(guò)的事情。
注意：動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞形式一樣，但含義不同。這兩個(gè)詞后加動(dòng)詞ing形式都是動(dòng)名詞。
forget to do sth. 忘記要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘記做過(guò)某事;
remember to do sth. 記得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 記得做過(guò)某事;
2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.
A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him
offer vt. 提出，提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.
him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正確。
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